Der Verfasser untersucht zuerst das Substantiv Parakletos − als Hoheitstitel in den johanneischen Schriften. Als „zweiter” Parakleten müßte Er Eigenschaften des „ersten”, also Christus selbst tragen. Die nächsten Schrifte sind dann den Texten gewidmet, die über den Parakleten handeln aber gleichzeitig einen Bogen zu Christus spannen. Er reicht über Kontinuität der Lehre Christi, des Zeugnisses, wo überall Wahrheit als Ausdrück der Objektivität gelten muß, bis zum Bekennermut der Jünger, denen ja der Paraklet gegeben ist, damit Christus verherlicht wird.
The author poses a difficult problem: how to understand the words of the first promise of the Holy Spirit (J 14, 16-17), in the light of this commonly accepted truth about the revealing activity of the Holy Spirit. It is in this promise that Jesus stresses His very presence, and that not only among His disciples but in them („will be in you”). Seeking to solve this problem, the author analyzes the more proximate context (J 14, 11-14) and the condition under which the gift of the Spirit is given (J 14, 15), which immediately precedes the promise and is closely connected with it. Then he goes on to explain the text of the promise of „another Advocate” and the „Spirit of truth” which − according to the words of Jesus − „remains with you [the disciples]” (J 14, 16-17). At each stage of the studies he comes to a conclusion that the Spirit of truth, called „another Advocate,” and promised by Jesus, is to play an extremely important role in the area of the new covenant between God and His people. After Jesus has gone to the Father, the Spirit will be with His disciples for ever. Thanks to Him, the fellowship of Jesus’ disciples will, a fellowship of a new covenant, a site of Jesus’ new presence and His activity. „Another Advocate” will continuously take care about it and support it. Moreover, the Spirit who „is Truth” will be made present by Jesus, who is „one” with the Father. A fellowship internally united, by the power of the Spirit, who is forever „in” the disciples, will, with Jesus, participate in that perfect bond of the covenant, which is the love of the Father and the Son.
Holy Spirit plays an important role in the theology of the fourth Evangelist. During the Last Super, and therefore right before his death, Jesus from Nazareth not only foretold the coming of the Holy Spirit, but also designated the nature of his mission. The Paraclete, as Jesus calls him, will “testify about” Jesus (John 15:26) and “will demonstrate to the world what sin, righteousness and judgment are about” (John 16:8). Many scholars, while interpreting these words, point to the juridical function of the Paraclete. Accordingly, the Paraclete would pass right judgment on the world in view of the sin of unbelief. However, a detailed exegetical analysis, taking into account the various narrative techniques employed by the author of the fourth Gospel, among them the technique of misunderstanding, allows for a different interpretation of Jesus’ words. Accusations against Jesus are very frequent in the fourth Gospel. The “world” calls him a “sinner” (8:46) and “one who blasphemes” (10:36). In the context of such charges, the passing of judgment on Jesus, as well as his crucifixion and death, were understood as a revelation of God’s justice in regard to Jesus. The Paraclete’s mission will consist in revealing to the “world” and to the disciples the meaning of these events in a reversed perspective. John describes his task by the u se of the technique of irony. The Paraclete will reveal as true that Jesus indeed accepted death as a “sinner”, but in the sense of expiatory sacrifice antitype. For that reason, the justice of God has been realized not “in regard” to Jesus, but “in Jesus.” As a result, the “world’s” judgment on Jesus has, in fact, initiated God’s judgment on the “world” and its ruler. The Paraclete is to give a testimony about the victory of life over death in Jesus Christ, and thus to lead the “world” to faith, and the disciples to the fullness of faith.
The paper consists of three parts: 1. Text and context. There has been presented the relation of the pericopes with one another as well as with their context. Those pericopes are devoted to Paraclete. They belong to the farewell speech of Jesus (J 13, 1-16, 33). The disciples are upset about the Master’s imminent departure; He promisses them that we will not leave them alone. 2. The departure of Jesus and the coming of Paraclete. The sending of the Holy Spirit is a specific act made by God. That is why Jesus will send His Spirit only then when He will reveal fully His godhead through adoration. Paraclete may start His entire activity after the revelation has been completed. Paraclete is at the service of this revelation. 3. The sin of the world. Paraclete will reveal the sin of the world; He will do it in the hearts and consciences of the disciples; He will convince them that the world is guilty. The world means here this part of humanity who is under Satan and persists in error and sin. The world is not only unable to receive Paraclete but is also hostile towards Him.
John among the evangelists is not only designed with the image of eagle, but also from the first centuries on, he still is called in the East as John the Theologian. From his school came the first systematic theologian Irenaeus of Lugdunum in Gaul (now Lyons in France), who in his native Smyrna had been a disciple of the bishop Polycarp, a formerly listener of John himself, when this lived in Ephesus. The teaching about the Holy Spirit, and especially about His eternal procession is built upon his writings; and beside the biblical inspiration he received a special gift of the Spirit „who spoke trough the prophets”. His aboundant message is invaluable not only for theology, but also to her shoot, which should be spirituality, first of all the priestly and seminarian one, all the more because John was the only unmarried apostle, becoming – also in this respect – a paragon for the Roman Catholic clergy.
PL
Parmi les auteurs des livres du Nouveau Testament il n’y a aucun qu’ait écrit plus abondement et plus profondement sur l’Esprit Saint que l’apôtre Jean. C’est pourquoi en Orient chrétien à partir des prémiers siècle jusqu’à nos jours il est appelé Jean le Théologien.
Jesus in his farewell speech announces the sending of the Paraclete (Jn 14:26), whose task will be to remind Jesus' disciples of what Christ had taught them. The article tries to answer the question: What is a proper understanding of the Spirit-Paraclete's action upon disciples’ memory? The author of the article addresses this issue from the perspective of biblical theology. First, he presents in a synthetic way the understanding of memory in the Bible and the basic assumptions of the theory of social memory. Then he analyzes the text and offers a theological interpretation of the promise of Jn 14:26 and other texts of the Fourth Gospel where a motif of remembrance is present (2,17.22; 12,16). Memory is an essential element of the experience of the post-paschal Church. The activity of the Spirit connects the present of the Church with the past of the historical Jesus. The memory animated by the Paraclete and enlightened by the experience of the Resurrection always focuses on the words of the Scriptures and the words of Jesus. The believers' social memory within Johannine Christianity is not sufficient in and of itself, but needs the Holy Spirit's action in order to effectively build the community's identity.
PL
Jezus w mowie pożegnalnej zapowiada przyjście Parakleta (J 14,26), którego zadaniem będzie przypominać uczniom Jezusa to, czego ich Chrystus nauczał. Artykuł podejmuje kwestię wpływu Parakleta na pamięć uczniów i odpowiada na pytanie: Jak należy rozumieć to działanie Ducha wobec uczniów? Autor artykułu podejmuje to zagadnienie z perspektywy teologii biblijnej z uwzględnieniem elementów teorii pamięci społecznej. Najpierw przedstawia w sposób syntetyczny rozumienie pamięci w Biblii oraz podstawowe założenia teorii pamięci społecznej. Następnie analizuje tekst i dokonuje interpretacji teologicznej obietnicy Parakleta z J 14,26 oraz w świetle tych tekstów czwartej Ewangelii, w których występuje motyw pamięci (2,17.22; 12,16). Pamięć jest bardzo ważnym elementem doświadczenia Kościoła popaschalnego. Działalność Ducha łączy teraźniejszość Kościoła z przeszłością ziemskiego Jezusa. Przedmiotem pamięci ożywianej przez Parakleta i oświecanej przez doświadczenie Zmartwychwstania są słowa Pisma oraz słowa Jezusa. Pamięć społeczna Kościoła Janowego nie jest samowystarczalna. Potrzebuje ona działania Ducha Świętego, żeby mogła być skuteczna w procesie budowania tożsamości wspólnoty.
Parmi les auteurs des livres du Nouveau Testament il n’y a aucun qu’ait écrit plus abondement et plus profondement sur l’Esprit Saint que l’apôtre Jean. C’est pourquoi en Orient chrétien à partir des prémiers siècle jusqu’à nos jours il est appelé Jean le Théologien
PL
Wyróżnienie Jana wśród ewangelistów znakiem orła idzie w parze z bardzo wczesnym, a do dzisiaj istniejącym zwyczajem określania go na Wschodzie imieniem Jana Teologa. Z jego szkoły wyszedł pierwszy teolog systematyczny, Ireneusz Lioński, który w Smyrnie był uczniem biskupa Polikarpa, a ten – słuchaczem samego Jana, gdy on mieszkał w Efezie. Nauczanie o Duchu Świętym, a zwłaszcza o Jego pochodzeniu odwiecznym, opiera się niemal w całości na jego pismach; a przy natchnieniu biblijnym jego udziałemna wyspie Patmos stał się szczególny dar tegoż Ducha, „który mówił przez proroków”. Jego obfite przesłanie jest bezcenne nie tylko dla teologii, lecz także dla jej odrośli, którą powinna być duchowość, począwszy od kapłańskiej i seminaryjnej, tym bardziej że Jan był jedynym apostołem bezżennym, stając się także w tym względzie wzorem dla duchowieństwa rzymskokatolickiego
EN
John among the evangelists is not only designed with the image of eagle, but also from the first centuries on, he still is called in the East as John the Theologian. From his school came the first systematic theologian Irenaeus of Lugdunum in Gaul (now Lyons in France), who in his native Smyrna had been a disciple of the bishop Polycarp, a formerly listener of John himself, when this lived in Ephesus. The teaching about the Holy Spirit, and especially about His eternal procession is built upon his writings; and beside the biblical inspiration he received a special gift of the Spirit „who spoke trough the prophets”. His aboundant message is invaluable not only for theology, but also to her shoot, which should be spirituality, first of all the priestly and seminarian one, all the more because John was the only unmarried apostle, becoming – also in this respect – a paragon for the Roman Catholic clergy.
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