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EN
The Ancient Persian Church came under the influence of the Latin Church in terms of its church structures as well as its theological foundations. It wanted to prove its independence, equal rights and richness of tradition. Arguments in synodical protocols of the Oriental Orthodox Church should be investigated in the context of developing a metropolitan system and an ideology of patriarchate in the Church of Antioch.Evidence were being presented to support the theory that Babylon was not only the sacred land, which gave birth to Abraham, father of faith, but also that the Christian faith was accepted there for the first time.
PL
Początek XX wieku był okresem przełomowym dla życia Kościoła prawosławnego w Rosji. Głównym wydarzeniem, które zmieniło sytuację zewnętrzną i wewnętrzną Kościoła był Lokalny Sobór Rosyjskiego Kościoła Prawosławnego w latach 1917-1918. Najważniejszą decyzją soborowych obrad była restytucja patriarchatu, zlikwidowanego rezolucjami cara Piotra I w XVIII wieku. Zainicjowana dyskusja wokół tego procesu była źródłem wielu interesujących wypowiedzi i kierunków dialektyki. W niniejszym artykule prezentowana jest pozytywna argumentacja w celu restytucji patriarchatu w oparciu o publikacje S.N. Bułgakowa, N.I. Troickiego i A.W. Wasiljewa, które były dodatkiem do prac soboru. Szczególnie ważne jest ich odniesienie do przymiotów Kościoła: jedności, apostolskości i soborowości.
EN
The aim of the article is to analyze the place and importance of the Orthodox Church in the society and political culture of Ukraine after 2013. In the context of foreign policy, the challenge for each country is the foreign activity of the Churches (as a non-territorial and transnational entity). The new political realities following the “revolution of dignity”, the annexation of Crimea and the war in Donbas set new challenges for the Orthodox Church in Ukraine. They showed that the great trap for the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate and the Russian Orthodox Church is the concept of ruskij mir and influence of the Russian Orthodox Church’s authority over the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate. The Kremlin’s policy harms the image and interest of the Orthodox Church. The Ukrainian Orthodox bishops, subordinated to the Moscow Patriarchate, find it difficult to keep their loyalty to the Ukrainian state and church authorities in Moscow at the same time. The Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate is internally diversified with apparent generational differences. Part of the older generation has strong ties with the hierarchs in Russia. The younger generation, which does not remember the Soviet period, sees in the formal independence from Moscow the opportunity to develop their own careers and the Church as an institution.
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