Search results

1

Oda Wischmeyer – David C. Sim – Ian J. Elmer (eds.), Paul and Mark. Comparative Essays Part I: Two Authors at the Beginnigs of Christianity (Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft 198; Berlin – Boston: Walter de Gruyter, 2014).

100%

Adamczewski B.

The Biblical Annals

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2015

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vol. 5

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issue 1

235-239

EN

Book Review: Oda Wischmeyer – David C. Sim – Ian J. Elmer (eds.), Paul and Mark. ComparativeEssays Part I: Two Authors at the Beginnigs of Christianity (Beihefte zur Zeitschriftfür die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft 198; Berlin – Boston: Walter de Gruyter,2014). Pp. 709 + IX. $ 182. € 129.95. ISBN 978-3-11-027279-6.

2

Book review: Jeffrey W. Aernie, Is Paul also among the Prophets? An Examination of the Relationship between Paul and the Old Testament Prophetic Tradition in 2 Corinthians (LNTS 467; London – New York: T&T Clark 2012)

80%

Kowalski M.

The Biblical Annals

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2017

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vol. 7

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issue 3

375-379

EN

Book review

XX

Recenzja książki

3

James Constantine Hanges, Paul, Founder of Churches. A Study in Light of the Evidence for the Role of “Founder-Figures” in the Hellenistic-Roman Period (WUNT I/292; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck 2012).

80%

Kowalski M.

The Biblical Annals

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2015

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vol. 5

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issue 2

435-442

EN

Book review: James Constantine Hanges, Paul, Founder of Churches. A Study in Light of the Evidence for the Role of “Founder-Figures” in the Hellenistic-Roman Period (WUNT I/292; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck 2012). Pp. 550 + XXIII. € 129.00. ISBN 978-3-16-150716-8.

4

Jesus' Resurrection Appearances in 1 Cor 15,5-8 in the Light of the Syntagma ὤφθη + Dative

71%

Gieniusz A. M.

The Biblical Annals

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2019

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vol. 9

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issue 3

481-492

EN

The aim of the present article is to establish the meaning of ὤφθη + a dative of indirect object in the light of its usage in koine Greek in general and in the LXX and related Jewish literature. Such a thorough analysis of the syntagma reveals that it is not very suitable as a proof of the factuality of the appearances of the Risen Christ. In the light of the use of the formula in koine Greek it seems much more probable that its primary function in the context of 1 Cor 15,5-8 is to announce the salvific dimension of the event as the beginning of eschatological salvation and as the present warranty of the future fulfilment of the resurrection of (all) the dead.

5

The “inner man” – Fundamental Concept of Pauline Anthropology?

70%

Hecht S.

The Biblical Annals

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2022

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vol. 12

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issue 2

279-294

EN

The reader of the Pauline Epistles encounters the metaphor of the “inner man” for the first time in 2 Cor 4:16. Inconspicuous at first glance, this metaphor reveals not only a wide reception history within Christian thought and tradition but also a conceptual depth which brings us close to the origins of our thought on human personality and subjectivity. In this article, I want thus to elaborate on the concept of the “inner man” in Paul. Tracing its origins in Plato, I want to show how this metaphor must be understood on a conceptual level using metaphors as archaeological tools that help to discover concepts that might get lost when only interpreted as linguistic ornaments. Claiming that Plato explicitly expresses the human »self« as a continuous agent in front of changing phenomena of the human soul with his concept of the “inner man,” I will then turn to Paul. Even though it is impossible to trace the exact origins of this metaphor in the writings of the Apostle, it is my thesis that it can be found in 2 Cor 4:16 in substance. Paul thus uses the metaphor of the “inner man” to express the newly redeemed and yet justified Christian »self« that is confronted with opposition and contradiction that waste away the outer man. The exact Greek wording of this metaphor allows to identify the pictorial level of this metaphor in Paul with the temple in Jerusalem. As I will show, Paul thus integrates two anthropological lines that he derives from the creational accounts in the “inner man,” showing interesting parallels to Philo of Alexandria. With the metaphor of the “inner man,” the reader of 2 Cor 4:16 therefore encounters a or even the fundamental concept of Pauline Anthropology.

6

Feba z Kenchr – siostra, diakon, patron

61%

Gajewski W.

Gdański Rocznik Ewangelicki

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2011

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vol. 5

251-300

EN

The article is a historical-theological study of Phoebe as depicted by Paul in Romans 16,1-2. The background is, on the one hand, the ancient cities of Corinth and Cenchrea with their citizens and, on the other, the young local church in Achaia, being the effect of Paul's missionary work around the half of the first century. In order to describe Phoebe the apostle used three nouns: adelphēn, diákonon, prostátis. The article investigates all three terms against their biblical and cultural millieu. Each one of them carries a different meaning and, juxtaposed with the others, gives a picture of a woman involved in service for the community. The highly specific nature of the text in Romans is exemplified by the fact that this is the only usage of the above terms in the New Testament to describe a woman. The term "sister" is used to describe the affinity of faith but can also be understood in the light of a group of people dedicated to the ministry of the gospel. This conclusion, per analogiam, stems from Paul's use of the term "brother" (also in singular) to denote his close co-workers (Timothy, Titus, and Epaphrodite, among others). The second term (deacon, servant) has usually been translated as "deaconess". That translation runs the danger of anachronism and leads to understanding the ministry of Phoebe in the categories and concepts attributed to deacons and deaconesses by later Christianity. In Pauline texts "deacon" and "deaconry" did not necessarily mean a church office associated with a ministry to the needy and the ill or to widows and orphans, but rather denoted people who functioned as official agents and delegates and was a title of honour in the Messianic Community. Paul used the word to describe his own co-workers, delegates of the Church or local communities (e.g. Timothy and Titus). An ex- ample of such usage may be the ministry of Epaphrodite from Philippi. Based on this, it is concluded that the ministry of Phoebe as a servant cannot be reduced to the role of a deacon or deaconess from a later period (I/II century) but needs to be understood along the lines of Paul's interpretation. The meaning of the third term (patron, protector) in Phoebe's case has often been narrowed down to the role of supporting, helping, and - in general - being helpful. However, the verb proīstēmi and its derivatives in proto- nad deutero-Pauline texts refers to leaders, heads of communities. The analysis of literary texts and inscriptions from that period also indicates that the noun (both in masculine and in feminine forms) was used for people holding honorary positions in their country, city or council. It also concerned women in the diaspora and especially wealthy women in the eastern cities of the Roman Empire. They were often involved in economic and social activities but did not retreat from the world of politics (Plancia Magna, Claudia Metrodora, Junia Theodora). The present study leads to the conclusion that reducing the role of Phoebe to that of supporting and helping does not fully depict her function in the Church during the time of Paul. Taking into account the fact that Christianity of that period was to a large degree a social movement sponsored by wealthy and influential patrons, the status of a patron being an official delegate of the local community in Corinth and Cenchrea to Rome (or Ephesus) and belonging to the broad missionary team of the Apostle best describes the position of Phoebe in the Church.

7

Antypawłowa opozycja w Liście do Galatów

61%

Rakocy W.

The Biblical Annals

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1997

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vol. 44

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issue 1

117-127

PL

Ziel des Artikels ist es, die Identität der Gegner des Paulus in den Kirchen Galatiens sowie der von ihnen verkündeten Thesen aufzuzeigen. Unbestritten ist, daß sie aus Kreisen judaisierender Judenchristen stammten. Sie waren mit dem paulinischen Evangelium nicht einverstanden und versuchten die Galater dazu zu bewegen, das jüdische Gesetz zu halten, denn erst dieses würde ihnen das Heil garantieren. Paulus, der entschieden gegen diese Auffassungen eintrat, hatte erkannt, daß dieser Streit das Wesen der christlichen Religion selbst betraf. Sein Brief stellt ein Zeugnis der Gefahr dar, die sich in die Kirchen Galatiens eingeschlichen hatte − eine völlige Mißachtung des Erlösungstodes Christi.

8

Parrésia v kontexte Synody o synodalite

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Hospodár M.

Studia Ełckie

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2022

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vol. 24

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issue 2

163-170

EN

The Catholic Church is experiencing a Synod on Synodality from October 17, 2021, by decision of the Holy Father Francis. The aim of the Synod is to revive this forgotten form of life for all members of the Church and to make it the natural style of their life. The synodal walk in faith (syn - together; hodos - journey) increasingly counts on the laity and the use of their potential in bearing responsibility for the Church. The current Synod is both an invitation and a chance to learn to listen to one another, to talk about living the faith and to discern correctly what the Holy Spirit wants to remind his Church today. In the documents of the Magisterium for the synodal process there is the word parrhesia (Gr. παρρησία), the content of which is no longer obvious. “All are invited to speak with courage and parrhesia, that is, integrating freedom, truth, and charity” (Preparatory Document, 30). In this paper we will discuss the meaning of this term primarily from a biblical perspective. We note that it is a special charism of the Holy Spirit. Using specific passages from the New Testament and the Eastern liturgy as examples, the paper reveals the richness of content and the practical use of parrhesia in the synodal walk.

9

Tak zwana mowa błazna świętego Pawła (2 Kor 11, 16–12, 13)

51%

Langkammer H.

The Biblical Annals

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1998

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vol. 45

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issue 1

135-148

PL

The so-called “Paul’s boast” is an exceptional part of the literary activity of St. Paul. It allows us to look first at the Apostle as a man who suffers, who is sensitive, full of kindness and love. At the same time, it allows us – and this is important – to look at a man totally united with Christ. For such a man the only value is Christ and everythimg that is included within the salutary province of Christ. He-Christ became the “only Lord” for Paul.

10

Wezwanie do wspólnoty z apostołem (2 Kor 6, 11-13; 7, 2-4)

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Cyran W.

The Biblical Annals

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1998

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vol. 45

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issue 1

123-134

PL

Der Artikel stellt exegetische Analysen der zwei miteinanderverbundenen Fragmente des 2. Korintherbriefes dar, in den es sich von Relationen zwischen dem Apostel Paulus und den Glaubenden von Korinth handelt. Paulus fordert die Korinther auf, damit sie für Paulus Raum in ihren Herzen geben. Er liebt sie und bemüht sich um die Gemeinschaft mit ihnen, denn er ist offenherzig. Die Gemeinschaft mit Glaubenden, die er durch das Ewangeliumsverkünden gebar, soll ihm selbst und den Glaubenden von Korinth Leiden ertragen und gemeinsame Freunde erleben helfen.

11

Tun oder Hören? Paulus und das Gesetz – und ein Blick auf Martin Luther

51%

Flebbe J.

Rocznik Teologiczny

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2017

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vol. 04

727-760

DE

Beobachtungen zu der Frage nach dem Gesetz bei Paulus und ein sich anschließender Blick auf Martin Luther können die Sicht auf das hermeneutische Erbe der Reformation schärfen. Im Anschluss an Gal 4,21 kann man für Paulus sagen: Die eine Tora ist gut, wenn man ihr mit Hören begegnet, und schlecht, wenn man sie tun will. ‚Hören‘ ist für Paulus dabei entsprechend den alttestamentlichen Beispielen von Ex 19,5 oder Dtn 6,4 ein protreptisches Hören auf den werbenden logos protreptikos, der auf eine grundsätzliche Existenzorientierung, aber gerade nicht paränetisch auf ein konkretes Tun abzielt. Intensional geht es Paulus um die ganze Tora, die allerdings extensional auf die Abrahamserzählung in paulinischer Interpretation und damit auf das auf das Hinzutreten der Völker zielende Glaubensprinzip reduziert wird. Dabei kann Paulus auch sagen, dass es um die allegorische, parallel mitlaufende eigentliche Bedeutung der Tora geht. Die Betonung des Hörens und die Frage der richtigen Art und Weise, der Tora zu begegnen, fi nden sich in den Paulusbriefen immer wieder. Diese Bestimmung der Tora als verheißender logos protreptikos, der gehört werden will, korreliert mit Martin Luthers Auffassung von einem Leben aus dem Hören auf die Schrift , mit dem bei Paulus wie bei Luther die grundlegende Unterscheidung von göttlicher und menschlicher Wirklichkeit verbunden ist. All dies lässt sowohl Paulus wie auch Luther zu mündigen Weltbürgern werden.

EN

Some observations about the question of the law in Paul and a short look on Martin Luther could help to shape the hermeneutical impact of the reformation. Corresponding to Gal 4,21 one can state for Paul: Treating the Tora with listening, the one Tora is good. She became bad by answering with doing. ‚Listening‘ means for Paul connected to Ex 19,5 or Deut 6,4 a protreptic listening to the logos protrepticos, the claim of which is to win someone for an existential orientation not aiming a parenetic practical doing. Intensional speaking Paul fancies the whole Tora, extensional speaking he only deals with the Abraham narrative in his own interpretation, which means nothing but the principle of faith taking in gentile believers. Thereby Paul can also say, that it is about the allegorical, the true meaning of the Tora, passing with the rest. Elsewhere in his letters Paul stresses the mode of listening as the only appropriate reaction to the word of the Tora. This Pauline designation of the Tora as protreptical word of promise correlates with Martin Luther‘s central issue of living on listening to the Scripture. Both are bond together by the linked distinction of a reality of God and a reality of mankind. All this leads to both Paul and Luther as emancipated citizens of the world.

12

Adam Grześkowiak, „U stóp Gamaliela…” (Dz 22,3). Zastosowanie metod egzegezy żydowskiej w Pierwszym Liście do Koryntian (Biblica et Judaica; Pelplin: Bernardinum 2017)

51%

Rosik M.

Verbum Vitae

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2018

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vol. 34

499-503

EN

Book review: Adam Grześkowiak, „U stóp Gamaliela…” (Dz 22,3). Zastosowaniemetod egzegezy żydowskiej w Pierwszym Liście do Koryntian (Biblica et Judaica; Pelplin: Bernardinum 2017). Ss. 592. 49,90 PLN. ISBN 978-83-7823-943-7.

PL

Recenzja książki: Adam Grześkowiak, „U stóp Gamaliela…” (Dz 22,3). Zastosowaniemetod egzegezy żydowskiej w Pierwszym Liście do Koryntian (Biblica et Judaica; Pelplin: Bernardinum 2017). Ss. 592. 49,90 PLN. ISBN 978-83-7823-943-7.

13

‘As a miscarriage’. The meaning and function of the metaphor in 1 Cor 15:1-11 in light of Num 12:12 (LXX)

51%

Gieniusz A.

The Biblical Annals

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2013

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vol. 3

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issue 1

93-107

PL

On the basis of the Greek text of Num 12:12 and of the use which Philo makes of it in the fi rst book of his Allegories of the Laws (176) the present article proposes a new understanding of the metaphor of miscarriage (ἔκτρωμα): a being not only born dead and/or incapable of living, but also deadly. In this double meaning the term utilized by Paul in 1 Cor 15:8 describes the pre-Christian past of the Apostle as both lacking life (as being without Christ) and lethal (as a persecutor of the church of God). The metaphor at the same time, constitutes the starting point of the transformation which occurred in Paul thanks to the apparition of the Risen One: from being dead to alive, and from deadly to being a bearer of life (vv. 9-10). Such a metamorphosis is tangible proof of the power of the Risen One, who even now transforms the lives of his own, and eo ipso also the guarantee of fi nal resurrection, when the good work already begun will be brought to its completion (cf. Phil 1:6).

14

Perspektywy "kosmiczne" w soteriologii św. Pawła (Rz 8, 19-27)

51%

Romaniuk K.

The Biblical Annals

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1966

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vol. 13

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issue 1

81-94

PL

L’article se compose de trois parties: I. Le contexte du passage Rom. 8, 19-27; II. L’exégèse du texte Rom. 8, 19-27; III. Les réflexions finales et la traduction paraphrasée du texte. Pour ce qui est du contexte, il faut retenir les liens de notre texte avec les chapitres précédents et tout spécialement avec le chapitre V qui annonce le thème du passage Rom. 8, 19-27. Dans le texte même on peut distinguer trois thèmes: 1. L’attente par la création de la révélation des fils de Dieu; 2. L’attente par les hommes de la rédemption du corps; 3. Les gémissements qu’on ne peut pas exprimer par les paroles humaines ou l’intercession de 1’Esprit Saint. La signification de la pensée authentique de l’apôtre dépend du sens dans lequel sont employés par saint Paul des termes comme: κτισις, ο υποταξων, ματαιοτης, φθορα, απαρχη etc. Le mot κτισις, d’après toute vraisemblance, signifie toute créature animée et inanimée, excepté l’homme. Une telle créature, personnifiée de façon plastique, attend avec une grande impatience la révélation future du Fils. L’épiphanie eschatologique du Christ est conçue aussi comme une révélation de tous les enfants de Dieu. La vanité (ματαιοτης) à laquelle est soumise la créature possède un sens moral. L’homme est celui qui soumet la créature aux lois de la vanité. La libération de la créature consistera en son affranchissement de la vanité. L’avenir de la créature, vue du côté positif, se traduira par la participation de tout ce qui est creé à la liberté et à la gloiredes enfants de Dieu. Une part toute spéciale dans la future gloire de toute la création a été réservée au corps humain dont l’homme attend la rédemption. Ce désir de l’homme, de soi tellement faible, est accompagné par 1’Esprit Saint qui intercède pour nous. Dans le problème de la „sotériologie cosmique” de S. Paul, il s’agit surtout de la rédemption du corps humain. Celui-ci ne peut pas être considéré comme une prison de l’âme. II constitue une partie de l’homme, destinée à être transformée en „corps spirituel”. Quant aux sources littéraires du texte Rom. 8, 19-27 on admet, outre les allusions bien claires au livre de la Genèse, quelques influences de la littérature apocalyptique juive.

15

Pawłowa wizja apostolatu w 1 Kor 9

51%

Chmist M.

Studia Pelplińskie

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2019

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vol. 53

93-106

EN

To start with, we cannot ignore the fact that the authenticity of Paul’s apostolate is often questioned. However, the Apostle of Gentiles was aware of his experience of Jesus Christ that completely transformed his life. This fundamental encounter, an act of grace of God, serves as a guarantee of the veracity of Paul’s mission and this was confirmed by the other apostles. The vivid experience of the Saviour caused his apostolic fervour and the results: the numerous communities founded by Paul. The Gospel he preaches was entrusted to him and not made up. He sees himself as a servant of Yahweh whose objective is to assemble once more the Rest of Israel, whatever it takes. The Apostle of Gentiles knows it well that the only way to achieve this goal is by self-sacrifice. Therefore he brings the Good News not in the spirit of the human wisdom but the ‘wisdom of the Cross’ which often leads to being scorned and rejected. Despite this, he establishes the new Christian communities in order to “merit the incorruptible crown of glory”.

PL

Na wstępie nie można zignorować faktu, że często podważa się autentyczność Pawłowego apostolatu. Nie mniej jednak, Apostoł Narodów był świadom swojego doświadczenia Jezusa Chrystusa, które całkowicie zmieniło jego życie. To stanowiące początek nowej drogi spotkanie, jako akt Bożej łaski, miało zapewnić o prawdziwości misji podjętej przed św. Pawła, co zostało potwierdzone przez pozostałych apostołów. Żywe doświadczenie Zbawiciela wzbudziło apostolską gorliwość św. Pawła, dzięki której założył on liczne gminy. Przepowiadana przezeń Ewangelia została mu powierzona i nie była żadną konfabulacją. Św. Paweł postrzega siebie jako sługę Jahwe, któremu przyświeca cel zgromadzenia raz jeszcze Reszty Izraela, niezależnie od konsekwencji. Apostoł Narodów ma pełną świadomość, że jedyną drogą do osiągnięcia owego zamierzenia jest własne poświęcenie. Z tego względu głosi Dobrą Nowinę nie w duchu ludzkiej mądrości, lecz jako „mądrość Krzyża”, która nieraz prowadzi do wyszydzenia i odrzucenia. Mimo tego zakłada on nowe chrześcijańskie wspólnoty, by zasłużyć na „niewiędnący wieniec chwały”.

16

Znaczenie „ościenia dla ciała” (2 Kor 12,7-10) w retoryce św. Pawła

51%

Chwiła D.

Warszawskie Studia Teologiczne

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2021

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vol. 34

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issue 1

6-18

EN

St Paul uses the phrase 'a thorn in the flesh' in the Second Epistle to the Corinthians (2 Cor 12:7). Over the centuries, this metaphor has received many different interpretations. Three main categories in these interpretations seem to stand out. The first one understands the mentioned metaphor as a physical ailment. The second one as the experience of temptation and in the third category, are those who were against Paul and who caused him much pain and suffering. A rhetorical analysis of Paul's speech, contained in 2 Corinthians 10-13, shows the right identification of "a thorn in the flesh" with those who oppose him. The main argument of the discourse, confirms the proclamation, that the apostolate of Paul is Christ's and he himself belongs to Christ. His opponents are false apostles who cause Paul to suffer much.

17

Ja przez Prawo umarłem dla Prawa" (Ga 2,19a). Śmierć "dla Prawa" jako element nawrócenia/powołania Pawła Apostoła

51%

Posadzy A.

Colloquia Theologica Ottoniana

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2019

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issue 1

143-163

PL

List do Galatów od wielu wieków stanowi przedmiot żywego zainteresowania teologów i biblistów. Na tle ogólnej problematyki Listu interesującą jawi się kwestia podjęta w niniejszym opracowaniu, czy w tekście tym można znaleźć jakieś osobiste refleksje autora i czy Paweł, pisząc go, nie zawarł w nim elementów autobiograficznych. Czytając zawarte w Liście do Galatów wyznanie Pawła: „ja przez Prawo umarłem dla Prawa”, zasadne wydaje się pytanie, czy Apostoł wspomina tutaj wydarzenia spod Damaszku, czy jest to raczej rodzaj noty biograficznej, osobistego wyznania Pawła, w którym odcina się jednoznacznie od swojej faryzejskiej przeszłości. W dalszej kolejności można zapytać: jakie „Prawo” ma Apostoł na myśli i co znaczy dla niego „umrzeć dla Prawa”? Z analizy fragmentu wynika, że Prawo jest dla Pawła przede wszystkim legalizmem, a życie według Prawa nie ma nic wspólnego z życiem dla Boga i koncepcją powszechności zbawienia. Można stwierdzić, że umieranie dla Prawa jest tak naprawdę nawróceniem. Dlatego studiowany fragment może być śmiało nazwany notą autobiograficzną. Takiemu nawróceniu uległ Paweł, takie również powinno dokonać się w sercach wszystkich chrześcijan.

EN

The letter to the Galatians has been a subject of keen interest to theologians and biblical scholars for many centuries. Against the background of the general issues of the Epistle, the question raised in this study is whether the author’s personal reflections can be found in the text and whether Paul, writing it, did not include autobiographical elements in it. When reading Paul’s confession in the Letter to the Galatians: „I have died for the law through the law”, the question seems to be whether the Apostle mentions here events from Damascus, or rather it is a kind of biographical note, Paul’s personal confession, in which he clearly separates himself from his of the Pharisaic past? Then you can ask: what „Law” does the Apostle mean and what does it mean to him to die for the „Law”? The analysis of the fragment shows that, fi rst of all, the law is legalism for Paul, and life according to the law has nothing to do with life for God and the concept of the universality of salvation. It can be said that dying for the Law is really a conversion. Therefore, the studied passage can be boldly called the autobiographical note. Paul’s conversion was also to be made in the hearts of all Christians.

18

„Ubodzy, a wzbogacający wielu” (por. 2 Kor 6, 10). Ubóstwo Chrystusa i wiernych w nauczaniu św. Pawła

51%

Piekarz D.

Polonia Sacra

|

2016

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vol. 20

|

issue 1(42)

81-94

PL

W tradycyjnie pojmowanym zbiorze Listów Pawłowych jedynie w 1 Tm można znaleźć typowe wskazania dotyczące ewangelicznej postawy wobec dóbr materialnych. W listach protopawłowych myśl Apostoła rozwija się w innym kierunku: wzorem dla wiernych i punktem wyjścia jest uniżenie, ogołocenie Chrystusa, który właśnie poprzez przyjęcie ludzkiej natury obdarzył nas życiem Bożym. Paweł wpatrzony w ten wzór również „wyzuł się ze wszystkiego”, by wytworzyć w swoim życiu „przestrzeń” dla Chrystusa, aby On poprzez Apostoła mógł działać w wiernych. Na wzór Chrystusa Sługi również Paweł czuje się sługą, nie tylko swojego Pana, ale i powierzonych mu braci w wierze. Zachęca ich do wzajemnej troski i współodpowiedzialności, przypominając, iż w Chrystusie wszyscy – także, a może zwłaszcza ci najsłabsi – są członkami jednego Mistycznego Ciała, a nawet najuboższy członek wspólnoty ma bezcenną wartość, skoro Chrystus przelał za niego swoją krew. Konkretnym przejawem troski Apostoła o dobro i jedność całego Kościoła jest organizacja składki wśród wspólnot znad Morza Egejskiego dla ubogich wiernych w Jerozolimie. Paweł pragnie, by wierni traktowali udział w składce nie jako bolesne wyrzeczenie, ale jako udział w łasce, jako dowód wdzięczności wobec Boga, który nie da się prześcignąć w hojności.

EN

In a traditional collection of The Epistles of Paul only the First Epistle of Paul to Timothy contains typical hints concerning the evangelic attitude towards material goods. In Proto-Pauline letters the Apostle’s thought is developed in a different direction: it is Christ’s humility and emptying himself which is the model for the believers and the starting point. It was through adopting human nature that Christ granted us life in God. Following this example Paul also “deprived himself of everything” to make “space” for Christ in his life and to let Christ act through him. Following the example of Christ-Servant Paul also considers himself a servant, not only of his Lord but also a servant of his brothers in faith entrusted to him. He encourages them to care about one another and to share responsibility, reminding them that all people, especially the weakest, are members of Christ Mystical Body. Even the poorest member of community is of invaluable worth since Christ shed His blood for him. The Apostle organizes collection of donations among communities at Aegean Sea for poor believers in Jerusalem, which is a clear indication of his care about the good and unity of all Church. Paul wishes the faithful to treat giving donations not as a painful sacrifice but as taking part in grace, as a proof of thankfulness towards God, who cannot be surpassed when it comes to generosity.

19

Interpretácia zjaveného Slova pomocou tradície Cirkvi – v otázke podriadenosti ženy mužovi podľa Pavlovho Listu Efezanom (Ef 5, 21–33)

43%

Vojtko S.

Ruch Biblijny i Liturgiczny

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2015

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vol. 68

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issue 3

EN

The main objective of the present lecture is to provide, by the means of the Church tradition, the interpetation of a serious social problem which the Apostle Paul introduced in his letters, especially in the Letter to the Ephesians (Eph 5 : 21–33) – the issue of the subordination of woman to man. The article has three parts: 1. Paul’s view on the suborditation of female to male in the historical circumstances of the first century of Christianity. 2. The view of the Church tradition on the relation between men and women from the post-apostolic era to the 21st century popes. 3. Concluding summary in the context of current views on the status of women in modern society. In the first and principal part of the article we point to Paul’s understanding of the relationship of Christ and the Church which he himself describes as a great secret. Also the relationship of man and woman in marriage he considers a “mystery” that represents “mysterium salutis” (mystery of salvation) in the world. Paul judges human marriage in the context of Christ and the Church which means that it is an image of the covenant between God and the chosen people as well as the covenant between Jesus Christ and his Church. It is thus the image of “the new and eternal covenant”, i.e. the paschal one. With this reasoning (Eph 5 : 21–33) Paul refers to the mystical grandeur of marriage. The issues of the subordination of woman to man based on the Christological and soteriological argument of the Letter to the Ephesians gains a new dimension – it is not about a superficial subordination of women, but about mutual subordination between husband and wife. Here we can see a brilliant illustration of mutual relations between spouses which are neither discriminatory nor egalitarian but complementary. They atribute to man and woman equality and equal dignity. At the same time, they atribute to them their own, specific, distinct and irreplaceable roles given to them by God. Paul’s teaching about the subordination of woman to man had caused considerable problems in the tradition of the Church. The Holy Spirit, however, led her over the centuries and shifted understanding of the relationship between man and woman in marriage:from the unacceptable pagan and Judaic concepts that discriminate women,through the attitudes of the Church Fathers, which declared the same dignity of man and woman through the redemptive work of the Son of God; however, the value of women in the Church and society was not appreciated sufficiantly;to the ingenious doctrine of St. Pope John Paul II. in his theology of the body: the relationship between man and woman in marriage is a relationship of mutual subordination in love, reflecting God’s love and symbolizing the relation between Christ and the Church. This relationship is inherently “communio personarum” (communion of persons) in which the dissimilarity of women and men is mutually complemented and creates harmony. In this article we wanted to highlight the fact that a return to the inspired biblical texts explained by the Magisterium is a reliable means of obtaining true knowledge even of the thorny issue of conjugal and family life.

PL

Hlavným cieľom predloženej prednášky je poskytnúť prostredníctvom tradície Cirkvi interpretáciu vážneho sociálneho problému, ktorý apoštol Pavol predostrel vo svojich listoch, najmä v Liste Efezanom (Ef 5, 21–33) – a to podriadenosť ženy mužovi. Prednáška má tri časti: Pavlov pohľad na podriadenosť ženy mužovi v historických okolnostiach 1. storočia kresťanstva. Pohľad tradície Cirkvi na vzťah muža a ženy od poapoštolskej doby až po pápežov 21. storočia. Záverečné zhrnutie v kontexte súčasných pohľadov na postavenie ženy v modernej spoločnosti. V nosnej prvej časti prednášky poukazujeme na Pavlovo chápanie vzťahu Krista a Cirkvi, ktorý on sám označuje ako veľké tajomstvo. Rovnako aj vzťah muža a ženy v manželstve vidí ako „mysterium”, ktoré vo svete sprítomňuje „mysterium salutis” (tajomstvo spásy). Pavol hodnotí ľudské manželstvo v kontexte Krista a Cirkvi, čo znamená, že manželstvo je obrazom zmluvy Boha a vyvoleného národa, ako aj zmluvy Ježiša Krista a jeho Cirkvi. Je teda obrazom „zmluvy novej a večnej”, t.j. veľkonočnej. Touto argumentáciou (Ef 5, 21–33) Pavol poukazuje na mystickú vznešenosť manželstva. Na základe kristologickej a soteriologickej argumentácie Listu Efezanom nadobúda teda problematika podriadenosti ženy mužovi novú dimenziu – nejde tu o prvoplánovú podriadenosť ženy, ale o vzájomnú podriadenosť medzi mužom a ženou. V tomto vidíme geniálnosť vysvetlenia vzájomných vzťahov medzi manželmi, ktoré nie sú ani diskriminačné, ani rovnostárske, ale komplementárne. Mužovi aj žene prisudzujú rovnoprávnosť a rovnakú dôstojnosť; zároveň však mužovi a žene pripisujú vlastné, špecifické, rozdielne a nenahraditeľné úlohy, ktoré im daroval Boh. Pavlovo učenie o podriadenosti ženy mužovi spôsobovalo v tradícii Cirkvi nemalé problémy. Duch Svätý ju však v priebehu stáročí viedol a posúval chápanie vzťahu medzi mužom a ženou v manželstve:od neprijateľných pohanských a judaistických konceptov, ktoré diskriminovali ženu;cez postoje cirkevných otcov, ktoré žene priznávali rovnakú dôstojnosť ako mužovi vďaka vykupiteľskému dielu Božieho Syna; avšak hodnota ženy v Cirkvi a spoločnosti bola nedostatočne oceňovaná;až po geniálnu náuku sv. Jána Pavla II. v teológii tela: vzťah medzi mužom a ženou v manželstve je vzťahom vzájomnej podriadenosti v láske, ktorá je odrazom Božej lásky a symbolom vzťahu medzi Kristom a Cirkvou. Tento vzťah je vo svojej podstate „communiou personarum“ (spoločenstvo osôb), v ktorom sa rozdielnosť ženy a muža vzájomne dopĺňa a vytvára harmóniu. Prednáškou sme chceli poukázať na fakt, že návrat k inšpirovaným biblickým textom vysvetľovaným pomocou Magistéria je spoľahlivým prostriedkom na získanie pravdivého poznania aj v pálčivých otázkach manželského a rodinného života.

20

Małżonkowie w służbie ewangelizacji w pierwotnym Kościele

41%

Najda A. J.

Studia nad Rodziną

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2015

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vol. 37

27-47

EN

The missionary activity of the early Church is mainly presented in Acts and Letters by St Paul. It was not only a domain of Apostles, missionaries and itinerant preachers, but also actively involved married couples. The couples worth mentioning are: Apostles and their spouses, married couples listed in Romans 16 and Philemon, and first of all Aquila and Priscilla who devoted their whole life to the service of the Gospel.

PL

Działalność misyjna pierwotnego Kościoła ukazana została przede wszystkim w Dziejach Apostolskich i w listach świętego Pawła. Prowadzili ją nie tylko apostołowie, misjonarze czy wędrowni nauczyciele, ale aktywnie włączały się w nią także pary małżeńskie. Wymienić należy najpierw tu małżeństwa apostołów, pary małżeńskie wymienione w Rz 16 i Flm, a przede wszystkim Akwilę i Pryscyllę, którzy całe swoje życie poświęcili służbie Ewangelii.

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Oda Wischmeyer – David C. Sim – Ian J. Elmer (eds.), Paul and Mark. Comparative Essays Part I: Two Authors at the Beginnigs of Christianity (Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft 198; Berlin – Boston: Walter de Gruyter, 2014).

Book review: Jeffrey W. Aernie, Is Paul also among the Prophets? An Examination of the Relationship between Paul and the Old Testament Prophetic Tradition in 2 Corinthians (LNTS 467; London – New York: T&T Clark 2012)

James Constantine Hanges, Paul, Founder of Churches. A Study in Light of the Evidence for the Role of “Founder-Figures” in the Hellenistic-Roman Period (WUNT I/292; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck 2012).

Jesus' Resurrection Appearances in 1 Cor 15,5-8 in the Light of the Syntagma ὤφθη + Dative

The “inner man” – Fundamental Concept of Pauline Anthropology?

Feba z Kenchr – siostra, diakon, patron

Antypawłowa opozycja w Liście do Galatów

Parrésia v kontexte Synody o synodalite

Tak zwana mowa błazna świętego Pawła (2 Kor 11, 16–12, 13)

Wezwanie do wspólnoty z apostołem (2 Kor 6, 11-13; 7, 2-4)

Tun oder Hören? Paulus und das Gesetz – und ein Blick auf Martin Luther

Adam Grześkowiak, „U stóp Gamaliela…” (Dz 22,3). Zastosowanie metod egzegezy żydowskiej w Pierwszym Liście do Koryntian (Biblica et Judaica; Pelplin: Bernardinum 2017)

‘As a miscarriage’. The meaning and function of the metaphor in 1 Cor 15:1-11 in light of Num 12:12 (LXX)

Perspektywy "kosmiczne" w soteriologii św. Pawła (Rz 8, 19-27)

Pawłowa wizja apostolatu w 1 Kor 9

Znaczenie „ościenia dla ciała” (2 Kor 12,7-10) w retoryce św. Pawła

Ja przez Prawo umarłem dla Prawa" (Ga 2,19a). Śmierć "dla Prawa" jako element nawrócenia/powołania Pawła Apostoła

„Ubodzy, a wzbogacający wielu” (por. 2 Kor 6, 10). Ubóstwo Chrystusa i wiernych w nauczaniu św. Pawła

Interpretácia zjaveného Slova pomocou tradície Cirkvi – v otázke podriadenosti ženy mužovi podľa Pavlovho Listu Efezanom (Ef 5, 21–33)

Małżonkowie w służbie ewangelizacji w pierwotnym Kościele