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PL
The horse is not only an animal for the farmer, is also a valuable “tool” for working on the land and a friend sharing hardships. In this article I will try to determine how users perceive of a horse by the dialect, in his simple, but deeply traditional memories about horses. The paper is a clear two–part structure. The first part contains an image interpretation and its horse hierarchy, the second part presents the dialect texts, first spoken, next written, told by older residents explored the environment, written in a simplified manner, based on and which have been analyzed.
EN
Nowadays the issue of regional education is a very contemporary and necessary problem, seen as a future factor in cultural heritage, which can be treated as a contribution to preserving the continuity of traditional values. A look at how heritage can be protected using local perspectives in a globalized world through educational activities is also postulated by UNESCO’s global doctrines. In order to include this idea within the school education system, a certain transformation of the pedagogical reality must take place, which is a long-term process. That is why such projects are often carried out through non-formal education. Using the example of the project ‘Journey through Wooden Podlasie’, this study addresses the problem of protecting the cultural landscape and intangible heritage of Podlasie through education from an early age. Analysis of material collected, as well as the author’s own observations from the various projects carried out in the form of regional education, confirm the theory that there is a great need to implement programs of active heritage protection from scratch. Drawing inspiration from the past can be of great practical importance for future generations, and can serve to encourage children to be active participants in their environment.
EN
The publication aim is to familiarize the concept of education for culture and report how it is understood among cultural animators and educators in the Podlasie region, Poland. The article presents academic definitions of education for culture, similarities and differences between this concept and other terms, such as cultural education, intercultural education and multicultural education. Furthermore, it presents the ways of defining the concept of education for culture by people involved in the cultural activities in Podlasie region. Comparison of these perspectives shows the specifics of local cultural animators and educators – their ideas, aspirations and problems. Apparently, their definitions are varied by the type of institution they represent, still, the most common way of defining education for culture is conservative, close to the definition of cultural education.
EN
The area between the upper course of the Narew and the central Bug hosts only a few early medieval hillforts; the one located in the vicinity of Zbucz village seems to be the oldest. The hillfort which comes either from the late 9th century or the early 10th century, is a ring-type structure. During excavations, preserved remains of a burnt-down bank structure were discov¬ered together with the bank build-up. What differentiates this venue from similar ones is an internal ditch in which burnt human bones were excavated, accompanied by ornaments and daily use objects. This is reason to believe that on top of serving as a shelter, the stronghold was also a venue of ceremonies or cult activities. In 2015 the area was subjected to geophysi¬cal research which resulted in a better insight into the structures excluded from excavations.
EN
What is presented in study is the completed project “Explore culture of the region or storytelling with Bison the Animal” – artistic and educational workshops for young schoolchildren, as an attractive proposal for educational activities. The main purpose of the meetings was to introduce children to the culture of the region by reading them the legends of Podlasie.
PL
Przedstawiam zrealizowany projekt „Poznaj kulturę regionu, czyli bajanie z Żubrozwierzem” – warsztaty artystyczno-edukacyjne dla dzieci w wieku wczesnoszkolnym, jako atrakcyjną propozycję zajęć edukacyjnych. Głównym celem spotkań było przybliżenie dzieciom wielokulturowego bogactwa regionu i jego tradycji poprzez czytanie legend Podlasia.
EN
This paper presents the linguistic analysis of a Polish word półpanek. The author examined the meaning of the lexeme in different historical periods. They were used for an analysis of linguistic materials from the dictionaries and 19th- and 20th-century publications. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the appellative was present in anthroponymic system of former petty gentry in the Podlasie region. The aim of this investigation was also to examine whether or not there had existed a social class which might be called półpankowie.
PL
W niniejszym artykule poddano analizie językowej leksem półpanek. Skoncentrowano się na zbadaniu jego pola semantycznego w ujęciu diachronicznym. Wykorzystano do tego celu materiał leksykograficzny i tekstowy wyekscerpowany z publikacji wydanych w XIX i pierwszej połowie XX wieku. Opracowanie jest również próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy apelatyw ten był obecny w antroponimii drobnej szlachty podlaskiej. Przedmiotem rozważań był także problem istnienia w przeszłości odrębnej grupy ludności nazywanej półpankami.
PL
This article is a contribution to the study of historical settlement of the central part of Podlasie region in the vicinity of Brańsk. On the basis of available archival sources, the author reconstructed the history of the Abramiki mill village and also established that the local family of millers was a branch of the Szpak boyar clan. The subject of the study was also the problem of origin of the toponym Abramiki and the microtoponym Szpakowszczyzna and their relations on the extra-linguistic level. The paper also discusses historical anthroponyms used to identify the members of the Abramik family of millers.
EN
The paper presents a semantic and structural analysis of the anthroponyms of millers and inhabitants of mill villages of the Brańsk starosty in the Podlasie region in the 16th –19th centuries. The author also investigates the formation and stabilization of the personal names within this professional group. The text is complemented by dictionary of anthroponyms, based on archival materials containig a chronology of  names and their location.
PL
W niniejszym artykule poddano analizie semantyczno-strukturalnej antroponimy (nazwiska, przezwiska, przydomki) młynarzy i mieszkańców osad młyńskich dawnego starostwa brańskiego na Podlasiu w XVI–XIX wieku. Przedmiotem zainteresowania autora jest również proces kształtowania się i stabilizacji nazwisk badanej grupy zawodowej. Uzupełnieniem tekstu jest słownik antroponimów, oparty na wyekscerpowanym materiale źródłowym, w którym ukazano chronologię nazw osobowych oraz ich lokalizację.
RU
W niniejszym artykule poddano analizie semantyczno-strukturalnej antroponimy (nazwiska, przezwiska, przydomki) młynarzy i mieszkańców osad młyńskich dawnego starostwa brańskiego na Podlasiu w XVI–XIX wieku. Przedmiotem zainteresowania autora jest również proces kształtowania się i stabilizacji nazwisk badanej grupy zawodowej. Uzupełnieniem tekstu jest słownik antroponimów, oparty na wyekscerpowanym materiale źródłowym, w którym ukazano chronologię nazw osobowych oraz ich lokalizację.
EN
The article delves into various attitudes expressed by nonconformist individuals functioning under an authoritarian regime, as exemplified by three opposition activists from the rural areas surrounding Białystok. The research is based on the concepts of conformity and nonconformity as defined by sociology, social psychology and philosophy.
PL
Na podstawie życiorysów trzech działaczy opozycyjnych pochodzących ze środowisk wiejskich Białostocczyzny artykuł opisuje różne strategie zachowania jednostek nonkonformistycznych funkcjonujących w warunkach systemu autorytarnego. Podstawą opisu są pojęcia konformizmu/nonkonformizmu zdefiniowane na gruncie socjologii, psychologii społecznej i filozofii.
PL
Na cmentarzu parafialnym w Radzyniu Podlaskim zachował się XIX-wieczny pomnik nagrobny mało dziś w Polsce znanego artysty malarza – Stanisława Wrońskiego (1840-1898). Prawdo-podobnie mamy do czynienia z jedyną realizacją warszawskiego warsztatu kamieniarskiego Andrzeja/Leonarda Pruszyńskich w Radzyniu, a może i w regionie. Stanisław Wroński urodził się na Lubelszczyźnie, od 1857 r. studiował w Szkole Sztuk Pięknych (późniejszej Akademii). Był zdolnym, obiecującym malarzem pejzażystą, cenił zwłaszcza twórczość Jana Matejki, Hen-ryka Siemiradzkiego oraz szwajcarskich mistrzów pejzażu. W okresie przedpowstaniowym zaangażował się w działalność patriotyczną, a w 1863 r. dołączył do oddziałów w Lubelskiem. Aresztowany został w pierwszych dniach marca 1863 r. w Rossoszy, gdy jako kurier przewoził depesze naczelnika powiatu radzyńskiego. Po kilkumiesięcznym śledztwie pozbawiono go praw stanu i skazano na 10 lat ciężkich robót w twierdzach syberyjskich. Początkowo przeby-wał w Piotrowsku, Siwakowej, Darasuniu nad Turą, a następnie w Irkucku. Wroński był towa-rzyszem około bajkalskich ekspedycji innego zesłańca, wybitnego badacza Syberii – Bene-dykta Dybowskiego. Wykonywał m.in. rysunki z natury do jego prac naukowych. Wytrwale tworzył i wysyłał swoje obrazy do Warszawy, Petersburga, Sztokholmu. Niektóre pozostały na Syberii (np. w Irkucku), tylko nieliczne trafiły do kraju. Na rodzimym rynku sztuki są dzisiaj wielką rzadkością.
EN
On the parish graveyard in Radzyń Podlaski, there is a 19th century tombstone of Stanisław Wroński (1840-1898), a painter relatively unknown in Poland nowadays. Most likely, it is the only tombstone in Radzyń – maybe even in the only one in the region – from the Warsaw-based masonry workshop of Andrzej and Leonard Pruszyński. Stanisław Wroński was born in the Lubelskie region, and in 1857 began studies at the School (later Academy) of Fine Arts. He was a talented and promising landscapist, who particularly appreciated works by Jan Matejko, Henryk Siemiradzki and Swiss landscape masters. Before the January Uprising, he was active in patriotic circles, and in 1863 he joined Polish fighters in the Lubelskie region. He was ar-rested in early March 1863 in Rossosz, when transporting dispatches from the commander of the Radzyń area. After a few months of investigation, he was stripped of the nobleman’s privi-leges and sentenced to 10 years of hard labour in Siberian strongholds. Initially, he was sent to Piotrovsk, Sivakova, Darasun upon Tur, then to Irkutsk. Wroński accompanied Benedykt Dybowski, another Polish exile and eminent explorer of Siberia in his expeditions to Lake Baikal. For example, he drew pictures of various specimens Dybowski found and described in his works. Incessantly, he continued to create and send his paintings to Warsaw, Petersburg, Stockholm. Some of his works remained in Siberia (e.g. in Irkutsk) and only a few arrived to Poland. Nowadays, they are very rare in Polish art market. Having returned to Poland, Stanisław Wroński alternated between Lubelskie area (Podlasie?) and Warsaw, and in 1892 eventually settled in the capital, in Krucza 25, where he had his studio. Despite health prob-lems and difficult material situation, he continued to create, exhibit, and travel. He died sud-denly, on 5 January 1898 in Zbulitów near Radzyń, probably in his brother’s house.
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