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Adam Mickiewicz’s Pan Tadeusz (in English: Sir Thaddeus, or the Last Lithuanian Foray ), the national epic poem, was first published in June 1834. It was perceived as a patriotic work, full of very ideal heroes. However, one of the most problem of this poem is love! Pan Tadeusz is the poem about love. There are many kinds of love: erotic love and maritial love, also familiar love (between parents and their children), love for country and others. My article applies not just to love affairs, but the very essence of love. What is love in Mickiewicz’s poem – is it “love that moves the sun and other stars” (Dante)?
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PL
Adam Mickiewicz’s Pan Tadeusz (in English: Sir Thaddeus, or the Last Lithuanian Foray), the national epic poem, was first published in June 1834. It was perceived as a idyllic work, full of happiness and very ideal heroes. However, one of the most problem of this poem is treason! It is very important to put a question: what is treason in the strict sense of the word? There are a lot of kinds of treason or only one? Is it possible to betray own country on account of favouriting strange fashion, customs or painting? In Pan Tadeusz Mickiewicz intended to stand up for the Polish tradition. He had a high opinion of loyalty, steadiness and the selfless sense of duty.
PL
The aim of the article is to present figures of Ukrainian legendary bard Wernyhora and the Ukrainian Steppe as Polish places of memory according to the concept of French historian Pierre Nora. In this concept a place or figure can act as a transmitter of national common values or a center around which visions of the past can be formed. Places of memory (lieux de mémoire) are also special kinds of symbols because of their visual character. In the article I try to highlight this based on (mainly) literature of Polish romanticism. A visual character of both figures and its connection with Polish identity and historical discussions make them vital and important motif of Polish past and imaginary.
EN
The author of the article analyses Zygmunt Krasiński’s views concerning romantic idea of the North. Additionally, he examines the poet’s polemics with Joachim Lelewel. The final conclusion demonstartes that Krasiński developed his own vision of the North, and that it contradicts the generally accepted utopian image which dominated the early stage of Polish romanticism.
PL
The work is devoted to the comparative presentation of Ugo Foscolo and Cyprian Norwid – two outstanding representatives of the 19th-century Polish and Italian literature, respectively. Despite the obvious differences between them, such as belonging to different literary generations and the ideological and national entanglements of their lives and work, significant similarities between the artists (in the aspect of their works, biographical models and a similar individual stigma) are thought-provoking. Moreover, the ambiguity of assigning Norwid and Foscolo to one literary period still inspires polemics among literature researchers.
EN
The aim of the article is to present figures of Ukrainian legendary bard Wernyhora and the Ukrainian Steppe as Polish places of memory according to the concept of French historian Pierre Nora. In this concept a place or figure can act as a transmitter of national common values or a center around which visions of the past can be formed. Places of memory (lieux de mémoire) are also special kinds of symbols because of their visual character. In the article I try to highlight this based on (mainly) literature of Polish romanticism. A visual character of both figures and its connection with Polish identity and historical discussions make them vital and important motif of Polish past and imaginary.
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