Search results

1

Tak zwani „tutejsi” na Polesiu jako zagadnienie polityczne w Polsce w latach 1921–1939

100%

Cichoracki P.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

|

2013

|

issue 42

EN

So-called ‘tutejsi’ in Polesia as a political issue in Poland, 1921–1939This article is an attempt to present the problem of repercussions of the assumption made in the Second Polish Republic that in Polesia there was a compact several hundred thousand group of people that do not have a modern national consciousness. In the interwar period this group was commonly referred to as ‘tutejsi.’ The issue is examined from three perspectives. The first is to reconstruct the position taken in this case by the Polish science, especially the authors gathered around the Institute for Nationalities Affairs (Instytut Badań Spraw Narodowościowych). The second part of the article presents opinions functioning about so-called ‘tutejsi’ in the Polish public opinion. The difference between points of view arising in the 1920s and ’30s is exposed here. The third part focuses on the actions taken by the Polish authorities. In the first half of the ’20s an assumption was formulated that in Polesia this group was dominant, therefore actions must be taken for its Polonization. After the military coup in 1926, the existence of ‘tutejsi’ was to a large extent disputed. The authorities stated that Polesia was populated mainly by Belarusians and Ukrainians. The reversal of this policy dates back to the early 1930s. The theory of the existence of ‘tutejsi’ – and at the same time their domination in Polesia – returned. It was believed they should be not only subject to Polonization, but also that they are particularly susceptible to it.

2

Jak powstały nowe nazwy ulic w powojennej Zielonej Górze?

88%

Żuraszek-Ryś I.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza

|

2012

|

vol. 19

|

issue 1

159-171

PL

This is a follow-up article to the earlier article Post-war street names in Zielona Góra that relates to the ways former German urbanonyms were incorporated into the Polish linguistic system. The present article focuses, however, only on those forms that do not refer to earlier names in any way, that is, on completely new names. The material presented in the article includes a hundred urban place names (excerpted from a document, or more precisely from a five-page typescript with no date and no signature in which German names of streets of the town are accommpanied with their Polish counterparts). The comprehensive survey of these forms provides a conclusion that the Polonization of urbanonyms was not by all means an easy task to perform, and that the people responsible for its implementation had to face and come to grips with different problems of linguistic and non-linguistic nature. Things as they were, however, make us realise today that some of the solutions can raise our objection and reservation on the matter.

3

Together but Apart: University Experience of Jewish Students in the Second Polish Republic

88%

Aleksiun N.

Acta Poloniae Historica

|

2014

|

vol. 109

EN

This paper examines the experiences of Jewish university students in Warsaw, Lvov, Wilno and Cracow, focusing on their interactions with each other as well as with other students. These experiences are divided into three categories: daily encounters and mutual relations (or the lack thereof), the vision of the academic community to which the students aspired, and Jewish students' reactions to antisemitism. I argue that for many Jewish students, these daily university experiences both on campuses and beyond strengthened their sense of being outsiders. Having been excluded from most of the general student organizations they had to form their own, which limited their interactions with other students even further, and, above all, strengthened feeling that they were being singled out and victimized.

4

Diachroniczna analiza nazw ulic w Schwerin an der Warthe/Skwierzyna

63%

Dubiec-Stach J.

Język. Religia. Tożsamość

|

2018

|

issue 1(17)2018

23-34

XX

Przedmiotem analizy w niniejszymi artykule są zmiany w nazewnictwie ulic w Schwerin an der Warthe/Skwierzyna. Punkt wyjścia stanowi teza, że semantyka nazwy ulic wpływała na proces przekształcenia nazw. Pierwszym etapem była zatem semantyczna klasyfikacja niemieckich nazw ulic. Analiza wykazała, iż część niemieckich nazw ulic została przetłumaczona, ale większą część całkowicie zmieniono. Proces tworzenia nowego nazewnictwa ulic był jednym ze środków polonizacji tych terenów. Większość nazw ulic w Skwierzynie oczyszczono ze wszelkich niemieckich naleciałości. Nawet spośród niemieckich nazw ulic o neutralnym charakterze przetłumaczono zaledwie co drugą.

EN

The first step of the analysis was a semantic classification of German street names as it was thought that the semantics affected the process of changes in the names of streets. The analysis showed that some of the street names were translated, the greater part, however, was completely changed. The process of new naming was one of the measures of Polonization of the areas. Most street names in Skwierzyna were cleared of any German traces. Even the street names of a neutral character were translated barely in 50 per cent.

5

Środowisko kapłańskie na Pomorzu Zachodnim w latach 1945–1956

63%

Cichocka M.

Zapiski Historyczne

|

2019

|

vol. 84

|

issue 2

123-149

EN

After the Second World War, the region of Western Pomerania changed its religious face from Protestant to Catholic as a result of political decisions. As the Polish territory was moved to the west, the influence of the Roman Catholic Church also shifted. Not only secular settlers but also priests had to adjust to those exceptional circumstances. Usually treated as part of the institution they created, they have not yet been fully described as one of the groups of migrants. However, their role was crucial for the settlement and land development by believers, the Church and the Polish state. The aim of the article is to answer the questions who those clergymen were and how they dealt with this unusual challenge. In the literature on the subject, such issues as settlement processes in the Western and Northern Territories, the creation of the church administration, and relations between the state and the church have been widely described. Relations between priests and believers or relations among clergymen themselves are still less known. The documents available in the archives of state and church provenance allow to examine the priestly environment, which also underwent the stage of adaptation and integration with the foreign material and social environment. The historical and comparative method of research led to the establishment of several conclusions, including the most important one that the priests who came to Western Pomerania in the first decade after the war were not homogeneous. Their diversity concerned origin, education, customs or age, but also their attitude towards the so-called Regained Territories, their duties, church discipline or the new authority in Poland. This disintegration, often accompanied by prejudices and stereotypes, constituted the specificity of the religious life of the region and from this point of view is worth examining.

6

Rzeczpospolita mniejszości narodowych i etnicznych. Od Piastów do XX wieku

63%

Kosman M.

Przegląd Zachodni

|

2013

|

issue 3(348)

3-18

EN

The Polish state within the span of over a thousand years of history changed its borders several times, although it is conventionally accepted that its ethnic territory stretches from the river Odra in the west to the Bug in the east, and from the Baltic Sea in the north to the mountain ranges in the south. The article deals with the subject of the shaping of national identity of the knighthood in the Middle Ages and then its subsequent transformations during Poland’s partition, the emergence of ethnic minorities (especially Germans and Jews) and the attitude of the local population to them in the pre-partition period. The discussed phenomena include xenophobia and xenophilia, the Polonization of foreigners and their impact on Polish culture during the partition of Poland. In the interwar period a new concept of minorities was created with regard to Ukrainians, Belorussians and Lithuanians inhabiting their ethnic territories which had been incorporated into the Polish state. Politics determined new borders after the end of World War II, which resulted in yet another “migration of peoples” this time from the east to the west and the ensuing assimilation processes.

7

Die Polonisierung der altpreußischen Eigennamen im Lichte der Sprachkontaktforschung

63%

Blažienė G.

Onomastica

|

2021

|

vol. 65

|

issue 1

107-121

EN

The coexistence of the Balts, namely Prussians, and Poles, began quite a few centuries ago, and we cannot give the precise date when the first contacts between the two nations were established. Most likely, it happened earlier than the first attestations in historical documents appeared and their lan - guage systems also came into contact with one another. One of them, the Prussian one, only left a lim- ited written legacy, yet several thousand Prussian proper names were scattered across all the lands inhabited by Prussians and recorded in a number of the documents of the Teutonic Order. Prussian toponyms used to be Germanized, and those Germanized forms outlived Prussians themselves. The processes of Polonization rested upon the Germanized Prussian toponyms and often on the Prussian model itself. It is a fact that Prussians inhabited the areas of present-day Poland and the Kaliningrad Region. The Prussian-German-Polish life in the same lands determined language contacts and the processes of toponym integration. Onomasticians specializing in the proper names from those areas should exhaustively describe the processes of onym adoption from one language system to another by not forgetting one of the key tasks in historical onymy, in-depth attestations of every place name under analysis in the most reliable sources, i.e. manuscript documents. Onyms travel from one lan- guage into another by leaving their traces in the authentic form, which is of great value for the deter- mination of reliable etymology. Onyms are reliable witnesses of the actual reality of that time and history. The statements are illustrated by the examples, which have not been found or they were interpreted differently in the works of Polish onomasticians and significant collections of toponyms.

DE

Der Anfang des Zusammenlebens von Balten, in diesem Fall von Prußen, und Polen geht auf viele Jahrhunderte zurück. Es ist nicht möglich ein genaues Datum anzuführen, wann sich zwei Völker getroffen und deren Sprachsysteme zusammengestoßen haben. Das eine, in diesem Fall das Altpreußische hat spärliche Schriftdenkmäler zurückgelassen, geschweige von Tausenden Eigennamen, verstreut in allen von Prußen bewohnten Gebieten und in vielen Dokumenten des Deutschen Ordens niedergeschrieben. Apr. ONN wurden eingedeutscht und diese umgewandelten Formen haben die Prußen überlebt. Prozesse der Polonisierung haben sich auf eingedeutschte apr. ONN gestützt und in vielen Fällen auf das altpreußische Modell basierend. Es besteht kein Zweifel, dass Prußen weite Gebiete des heutigen Polens und Kaliningrader Gebietes bewohnt haben. Das Zusammenleben von Prußen, Deutschen und Polen in denselben Ländern führte zu Prozessen von Sprachkontakten und Namenintegration. Namenkundler, die das Namengut dieser Ländereien erforschen, sollten sehr ausführlich Prozesse der Übernahme von einem Sprachsystem in das andere beschreiben, ohne eine der wichtigsten Aufgaben der historischen Namenforschung aus den Augen zu lassen. Diese Aufgabe wäre, ausführliche Zeugnisse jedes einzelnen ONs aus den zuverlässigsten Quellen, d.h. den handschriftlichen Dokumenten, zu belegen. Onyme wandern aus einer Sprache in andere und lassen ihre Spuren in der Festlegung authentischer Grundform jedes einzelnen Namens. Sie arba gal Eben Onyme sind zuverlässige Zeugen der Lebensrealität und Geschichte. Diese Thesen werden durch Beispiele nachgewiesen, die bislang nicht entdeckt wurden oder einer anderen Interpretation in Werken von polnischen Namenforschern und in wichtigen Namenverzeichnissen unterliegen.

8

Środowisko kapłańskie na Pomorzu Zachodnim w latach 1945–1956

63%

Cichocka M.

|

EN

After the Second World War, the region of Western Pomerania changed its religious face from Protestant to Catholic as a result of political decisions. As the Polish territory was moved to the west, the influence of the Roman Catholic Church also shifted. Not only secular settlers but also priests had to adjust to those exceptional circumstances. Usually treated as part of the institution they created, they have not yet been fully described as one of the groups of migrants. However, their role was crucial for the settlement and land development by believers, the Church and the Polish state. The aim of the article is to answer the questions who those clergymen were and how they dealt with this unusual challenge. In the literature on the subject, such issues as settlement processes in the Western and Northern Territories, the creation of the church administration, and relations between the state and the church have been widely described. Relations between priests and believers or relations among clergymen themselves are still less known. The documents available in the archives of state and church provenance allow to examine the priestly environment, which also underwent the stage of adaptation and integration with the foreign material and social environment. The historical and comparative method of research led to the establishment of several conclusions, including the most important one that the priests who came to Western Pomerania in the first decade after the war were not homogeneous. Their diversity concerned origin, education, customs or age, but also their attitude towards the so-called Regained Territories, their duties, church discipline or the new authority in Poland. This disintegration, often accompanied by prejudices and stereotypes, constituted the specificity of the religious life of the region and from this point of view is worth examining.

9

The Attitude of Ruthenian Magnates and Nobles toward the Union of Lublin (1569) and the Problem of the Autonomy of Ukrainian Lands within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

63%

Kempa T.

Zapiski Historyczne

|

2019

|

vol. 84

|

issue 4

EN

For a long time, historiography was dominated by a dualistic view on what had happened at the Sejm of Lublin in 1569. Thus, when describing the conclusion of the Union of Lublin, scholars focused on the Polish-Lithuanian dispute and the decisive role of King Sigismund Augustus in signing the agreement in Lublin. Recently, however, there have appeared publications highlighting the important role in the conclusion of the Lublin Union played by the Ruthenian nobility and noble representatives of the lands incorporated into the Polish Crown in 1569, that is Volhynia, eastern Podolia (Bracław Land) and the region of Kiev. The article sums up the existing knowledge on this subject, stressing the fact of the separate interests of the Ruthenian magnates, especially from Volhynia – where many well-known princely families had their family nests – in comparison to the Lithuanian magnates on the eve of the conclusion of the Union of Lublin. It facilitated the decision of the Ruthenian nobles to support not only the union itself, but also the incorporation of the above-mentioned provinces into the Polish Crown. Also thanks to this attitude of the princes and noblemen of Volhynia, Bracław Land and the region of Kiev, these areas gained relatively broad autonomy allowing them to preserve their cultural identity. There is no doubt, however, that the Union of Lublin accelerated the process of Polonization of these lands to some extent, although the process had begun well before 1569. Another important event from the point of view of maintaining the cultural identity of these provinces was the conclusion of the Union of Brest (1595–1596), as a result of which – upon the decision of most Orthodox bishops of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth – the Kiev metropolitanate became subordinated to the Holy See. On the one hand, the majority of Ruthenian nobility from the aforementioned provinces reacted in defense of the Orthodox faith, and to some extent also of the Ruthenian region, which stimulated them to strengthen their identity. In this context, noble tribunes of Ruthenian origin, such as Adam Kisiel, and Orthodox polemic writers, such as Melecjusz Smotrycki (who later became a member of the Uniate Church), began to indicate the existence of a separate Ruthenian nation, also pointing to its different features and de facto forming the foundations of its historical tradition. Zaporizhian Cossacks, who consistently defended the Orthodox faith, also joined the process to some extent. On the other hand, in the long run, the Union of Brest led to the Catholicization of local noblemen. Most of Ruthenian nobles eventually converted to the Roman Catholic denomination. However, the fact that the Uniate Church existed might have led to the situation that at least some of the Ruthenian nobles remained in the Ruthenian cultural circle even in the 18th and 19th centuries. Meanwhile, in the 17th century the role of the Ruthenian language tended to decrease in the above-mentioned territories, as it was the case in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In the second half of the 17th century the Ruthenian language ceased to be the official language for the benefit of the Polish language.

10

The Attitude of Ruthenian Magnates and Nobles toward the Union of Lublin (1569) and the Problem of the Autonomy of Ukrainian Lands within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

63%

Kempa T.

Zapiski Historyczne

|

2019

|

vol. 84

|

issue 4

41-72

EN

For a long time, historiography was dominated by a dualistic view on what had happened at the Sejm of Lublin in 1569. Thus, when describing the conclusion of the Union of Lublin, scholars focused on the Polish-Lithuanian dispute and the decisive role of King Sigismund Augustus in signing the agreement in Lublin. Recently, however, there have appeared publications highlighting the important role in the conclusion of the Lublin Union played by the Ruthenian nobility and noble representatives of the lands incorporated into the Polish Crown in 1569, that is Volhynia, eastern Podolia (Bracław Land) and the region of Kiev. The article sums up the existing knowledge on this subject, stressing the fact of the separate interests of the Ruthenian magnates, especially from Volhynia – where many well-known princely families had their family nests – in comparison to the Lithuanian magnates on the eve of the conclusion of the Union of Lublin. It facilitated the decision of the Ruthenian nobles to support not only the union itself, but also the incorporation of the above-mentioned provinces into the Polish Crown. Also thanks to this attitude of the princes and noblemen of Volhynia, Bracław Land and the region of Kiev, these areas gained relatively broad autonomy allowing them to preserve their cultural identity. There is no doubt, however, that the Union of Lublin accelerated the process of Polonization of these lands to some extent, although the process had begun well before 1569. Another important event from the point of view of maintaining the cultural identity of these provinces was the conclusion of the Union of Brest (1595–1596), as a result of which – upon the decision of most Orthodox bishops of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth – the Kiev metropolitanate became subordinated to the Holy See. On the one hand, the majority of Ruthenian nobility from the aforementioned provinces reacted in defense of the Orthodox faith, and to some extent also of the Ruthenian region, which stimulated them to strengthen their identity. In this context, noble tribunes of Ruthenian origin, such as Adam Kisiel, and Orthodox polemic writers, such as Melecjusz Smotrycki (who later became a member of the Uniate Church), began to indicate the existence of a separate Ruthenian nation, also pointing to its different features and de facto forming the foundations of its historical tradition. Zaporizhian Cossacks, who consistently defended the Orthodox faith, also joined the process to some extent. On the other hand, in the long run, the Union of Brest led to the Catholicization of local noblemen. Most of Ruthenian nobles eventually converted to the Roman Catholic denomination. However, the fact that the Uniate Church existed might have led to the situation that at least some of the Ruthenian nobles remained in the Ruthenian cultural circle even in the 18th and 19th centuries. Meanwhile, in the 17th century the role of the Ruthenian language tended to decrease in the above-mentioned territories, as it was the case in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In the second half of the 17th century the Ruthenian language ceased to be the official language for the benefit of the Polish language.

11

Wpływ idei jagiellońskich na walkę o polonizację i niezależność Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w XVIII i XIX w.

63%

Iwanowicz A.

Perspektywy Kultury

|

2023

|

vol. 41

|

issue 2/2

153-164

EN

The article is about the influence of Jagiellonian Ideas on the struggle for Polonization and independence of the Jagiellonian University in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The research on this matter is not popular. The literature is also scarce. The analyses of specific events in the history of the Jagiellonian University highlighted the influence of the Jagiellonian ideas. The cross-cutting analysis of the whole partition period outlined the significant role of those ideas in the university’s history.

PL

Artykuł dotyczy wpływu idei jagiellońskich na walkę społeczności akademickiej o polonizację i niezależność Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w XVIII i XIX w. Badania w tym zakresie nie cieszą się dużą popularnością. Literatura przedmiotu jest uboga. Przeanalizowano konkretne wydarzenia z historii Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w celu wskazania wpływu idei jagiellońskich. Poprzez przekrojową analizę całego okresu zaborów uwypuklono istotną rolę owych idei w historii uczelni.

12

Place names among three languages : the Sorbian, German and Polish toponymy of eastern Lusatia

51%

Zschieschang C.

Acta onomastica

|

2019

|

vol. 60

|

issue 1

150-159

EN

At the eastern edge of Lower Lusatia, we find a mixture of three languages. Originally, it was an Old Sorbian settlement area, but after the conquest by the Ottonian rulers in the High Medieval Era it became a Sorbian-German language contact zone for centuries, as many other regions in Eastern Germany. However, in 1945, the situation changed fundamentally, as all former German territories east of the Oder and Neiße rivers became part of the Polish state, and a new Polish toponymy was created. Dealing with toponymy in Eastern Lusatia, we find a complex situation: Sorbian names were Germanized, but German names were Sorabized, too, in the context of the re-birth of Sorbian culture in the 19th century. Finally, the new Polish names were not totally new, but in many cases influenced by their Sorbian and German predecessors.

CS

Na východním okraji Dolní Lužice se mísí tři jazyky. Původně to bylo území se starosrbským osídlením, ale po ovládnutí Otony ve vrcholném středověku se stalo na mnoho století lužickosrbsko-německou kontaktovou oblastí, podobně jako mnohé další regiony východního Německa. V roce 1945 se ale situace zásadně změnila, když se všechna původní německá území východně od řek Odry a Nisy stala součástí Polska a byla vytvořena nová polská toponymie. Když pojednáváme o toponymii východní Lužice, nalézáme složitou situaci: lužickosrbská jména byla germanizována, ale německá jména byla současně v souvislosti se znovuzrozením lužickosrbské kultury v 19. století posrbšťována. Konečně nová polská jména nebyla zcela nová, ale v mnoha případech byla ovlivněna svými lužickosrbskými a polskými předchůdci.

13

Integracja galicyjskich Żydów w świetle lwowskiej „Ojczyzny” (1881–1892)

51%

Jasnowski P.

Kwartalnik Historyczny

|

2016

|

vol. 123

|

issue 3

EN

The article examines the history of Galician integrationists, depicted in the light of their press organ, the Polish-Jewish bi-weekly “Ojczyzna”, issued in Lwów from April 1881 to the middle of 1892. While presenting the origin of this social formation the author discusses its most prominent targets, programme, and activity. Special attention is paid to the reaction towards growing anti-Semitism and Jewish nationalism (Zionism), i.e. movements that ultimately resulted in the atrophy and decomposition of the integrationist camp. The formation of Galician integrationists began to assume shape in the second half of the nineteenth century under the impact of a favourable political situation (the defeat of Austria in the wars against France and Prussia), legal emancipation, progressing acculturation, and generational shift. The integrationists, who originated predominantly from the intelligentsia and the prosperous bourgeoisie in larger towns (primarily Lwów and Cracow) referred to the Haskalah ideology, although they carried out its considerable modification and radicalization by representing a post-Haskalah ideological option. The needs and aspirations of the successors of the Galician Maskilim grew considerably as the outcome of formal emancipation and acculturation. The integrationists sought a way to realise their goals outside the cultural ghetto within the Polish environment, in which they enjoyed a firm foothold due to formal equal rights and cultural adaptation. For several decades they believed that repression and intolerance are relics of the past and an anachronism, which sooner or later must be replaced by “civilisation”. The integrationists were also of the opinion that having fulfilled their civic duties they gained a place within non-Jewish society. Emancipated and culturally adapted - in contrast to previous generations and the Jewish masses - they were much more concerned with what the non-Jews said and thought about them. The author indicates that the openly declared and demonstrated animosity of the non-Jewish surrounding was particularly grievous: it destabilised and ultimately destroyed integrationist ideology.

PL

Przedmiotem artykułu jest historia środowiska galicyjskich integracjonistów ukazana w świetle jego prasowego organu, polsko-żydowskiego dwutygodnika „Ojczyzna”, który ukazywał się we Lwowie od kwietnia 1881 do połowy 1892 r. Autor, przedstawiając genezę formacji, omawia następnie jej najważniejsze cele, program i działalność. Osobne miejsce poświęca reakcji na narastający antysemityzm i nacjonalizm żydowski (syjonizm) - ruchy, które w ostatecznym rozrachunku doprowadziły do atrofii i dekompozycji obozu integracjonistów. Środowisko integracjonistów galicyjskich zaczęło formować się w drugiej połowie XIX w., pod wpływem korzystnej sytuacji politycznej (klęski Austrii w wojnach z Francją i Prusami), prawnej emancypacji, postępującej akulturacji i zmiany pokoleniowej. Wywodzący się głównie z warstw inteligencji i bogatej burżuazji większych miast (przede wszystkim Lwowa i Krakowa) integracjoniści czerpali z ideologii haskali, choć sami dokonali jej znaczącego przesunięcia i radykalizacji, reprezentując posthaskalową opcję ideologiczną. Wraz z formalną emancypacją i akulturacją potrzeby i aspiracje potomków galicyjskich maskili znacznie wzrosły; szukali oni sposobu ich realizacji poza kulturowym gettem w polskim otoczeniu, w którym stali już jedną nogą, mocą formalnego równouprawnienia i kulturowej adaptacji. Integracjoniści przez okres kilku dziesięcioleci wierzyli, że ucisk i nietolerancja stanowią anachronizm i relikt przeszłości i prędzej czy później muszą ustąpić „cywilizacji”. Właściwie było przekonanie, że spełniwszy obywatelskie obowiązki, znajdą dla siebie miejsce w nieżydowskim społeczeństwie. Wyemancypowani i kulturowo zaadaptowani - w przeciwieństwie do poprzednich pokoleń i żydowskich mas - znaczniej bardziej troszczyli się o to, co myślą i mówią o nich nie-Żydzi. Dla nich - jak pokazuje autor - otwarcie deklarowana i okazywana niechęć była szczególnie dotkliwa; dla samej ideologii zaś destabilizująca, a w ostatecznym rozrachunku - rujnująca.

14

Kwestia tożsamości narodowej ukraińskojęzycznej ludności północnego Podlasia

45%

Roszczenko M.

Roczniki Kulturoznawcze

|

2014

|

vol. 5

|

issue 2

5-20

PL

Północne Podlasie było obszarem kresowym, kolonizowanym przez sąsiednie narody. Przed¬miotem artykułu są tereny położone w międzyrzeczu Bugu i Narwi, na których osiedlili się ruscy (ukraińscy) osadnicy z Wołynia i południowego Polesia, tworząc tam zwarty obszar gwar północno¬ukraińskich. Owej ukraińskojęzycznej, prawosławnej ludności było na północnym Podlasiu w końcu XIX wieku ok. 75 000. Według dwóch polskich międzywojennych spisów ogromna większość owej ludności została uznana za Białorusinów. Dokonane odgórnie „przenarodowienie” miało ogrom¬ne znaczenie dla procesu kształtowania się świadomości narodowej u prawosławnych mieszkań¬ców północnego Podlasia. W latach osiemdziesiątych ubiegłego wieku odrodził się na tym terenie, głównie wśród mło¬dzieży, ruch ukraiński. Doprowadziło to do ostrej rywalizacji między działaczami białoruskimi i ukraińskimi o prawosławne „dusze”. Dwa ostatnie spisy ludności wykazały, że ukraińską świadomość narodową na północnym Podlasiu deklaruje jeszcze niewiele osób. Wykazały one również, że zachodzi na tym terenie przyśpieszony proces polonizacji.

XX

Northern Podlachia is a part of Poland’s eastern territories once colonized by neighbouring peoples. The paper focuses on the territory situated in the basin area of the Bug River and the Narew River, where the area of Northern-Ukrainian local dialects has been formed as a result of the settlement of Ruthenians (Ukrainians) from Volhynia and Southern Podlachia. In the 19th century, the population of Ukrainian-speaking Orthodox inhabitants of Northern Podlachia was estimated at about 75,000. According to two inter-war population censuses, the vast majority of this population was recognized as Belarusians. This arbitrary classification for the purpose of the censuses had an enormous impact on national identity processes among the Orthodox inhabitants of Northern Podlachia. In the eighties of the 20th century, the Ukrainian national movement was revived in this territory, mostly among the youth. This led to a severe competition for the Orthodox “souls” between Belarusian and Ukrainian activists. The two recent population censuses have shown that only a small number of inhabitants of Northern Podlachia declare their Ukrainian national identity. The censuses have also proven the acceleration of polonization processes in this territory.

Refine search results

Tak zwani „tutejsi” na Polesiu jako zagadnienie polityczne w Polsce w latach 1921–1939

Jak powstały nowe nazwy ulic w powojennej Zielonej Górze?

Together but Apart: University Experience of Jewish Students in the Second Polish Republic

Diachroniczna analiza nazw ulic w Schwerin an der Warthe/Skwierzyna

Środowisko kapłańskie na Pomorzu Zachodnim w latach 1945–1956

Rzeczpospolita mniejszości narodowych i etnicznych. Od Piastów do XX wieku

Die Polonisierung der altpreußischen Eigennamen im Lichte der Sprachkontaktforschung

Środowisko kapłańskie na Pomorzu Zachodnim w latach 1945–1956

The Attitude of Ruthenian Magnates and Nobles toward the Union of Lublin (1569) and the Problem of the Autonomy of Ukrainian Lands within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

The Attitude of Ruthenian Magnates and Nobles toward the Union of Lublin (1569) and the Problem of the Autonomy of Ukrainian Lands within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Wpływ idei jagiellońskich na walkę o polonizację i niezależność Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w XVIII i XIX w.

Place names among three languages : the Sorbian, German and Polish toponymy of eastern Lusatia

Integracja galicyjskich Żydów w świetle lwowskiej „Ojczyzny” (1881–1892)

Kwestia tożsamości narodowej ukraińskojęzycznej ludności północnego Podlasia