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1
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PL
Projekt Minaret zakłada przekształcenie komina pofabrycznego byłych Poznańskich Zakładów Papierniczych, usytułowanych u zbiegu ulic Estkowskiego i Szyperskiej w centrum Poznania, w minaret (...) Podobnie jak warszawska palma (...), tak i Minaret ma w zamyśle Rajkowskiej na trwałe wpisać się w pejzaż miasta, nadając miejscu interwencji charakter iluzyjny, surrealistyczny i egzotyczny.
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KRONIKA. Miasto Poznań

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EN
The aim of this article is to clarify the characteristics and changes of selected elements of the city’s economy in the last several years. An attempt is made to identify the major moments of transformation of socio-economic environment and the impact of their impact on changes in the economy of Poznan. The analysis included measures of the level of economic growth, changes in business and fluctuations in the number of employed in the economy and in the business sector, labor productivity in industry and construction, wages and selected elements of the research and development sector of the city. Detailed analysis covers the period 2000–2013, but the difficulty of access to statistical data make this period in relation to certain growth factors and segments of the economy had to be shortened.
PL
Celem artykułu jest charakterystyka i wyjaśnienie zmian wybranych elementów sfery gospodarki miasta w ostatnich kilkunastu latach. Podejmuje się próbę identyfikacji głównych momentów przeobrażeń otoczenia społeczno-gospodarczego oraz skutków ich oddziaływania na zmiany gospodarki Poznania. Analizą objęto mierniki poziomu wzrostu gospodarczego, zmiany przedsiębiorczości i wahania liczby pracujących w gospodarce oraz w sektorze przedsiębiorstw, wydajności pracy w przemyśle i budownictwie, poziomu wynagrodzeń oraz wybranych elementów sektora badawczo-rozwojowego miasta. Analiza szczegółowa obejmuje lata 2000–2013, ale trudności z dostępem do danych statystycznych powodują, że okres ten w stosunku do niektórych czynników wzrostu i segmentów gospodarki musiał być skrócony.
EN
During excavations carried out in Ostrów Tumski by the Institute of Prehistory of the Poznań University, a small collection of utensils was found with incised or scratched motifs which are reminiscent of decorations (Figure1). The collection includes an early medieval mug (9th – mid-10th c.; Figure 2:1) as well as jars and a plate (?; 16th c.; Figure 2:2-4) with mysterious signs placed on the receptacles before they were fired (incisions: receptacle 1 and 4) and in the course of use thereof (scratched with a sharp object: receptacle 2 and 3). They were excavated in the ducal garden next to the palace and sacral complex (receptacle 1) and the Gothic St. Mary’s church and the adjacent cemetery (receptacle 2) as well as in the northern part of the island (receptacles 3 and 4). They were excavated from cultural layers (receptacle 1), from a well’s thill (receptacle 2), a wooden waste pond where fish were kept (?; receptacle 4) and a backfill of another well (receptacle 3). On the early medieval mug, where the neck becomes a body, it the middle of its circumference, parallel to the receptacle’s edge, there are signs in the form of a vertical line, a square, another vertical line topped with tiny parallel incisions and two crossing lines incised with a sharp object in a dried utensil before it was fired (Figure 3:1). On the upper part of the body of an almost completely preserved jar, four crossing lines were scratched to form a star, a loop, three intersecting lines – a star, the letter “Y” with three perpendicular lines in the lower part and, slightly lower, a boat /a crescent (?; Figure 3:2). On another jar, in the upper part of its body, next to the handle, a sharp object was used to scratch an inscription made of 6-7 “letters” (Figure 3: 3). At the bottom of a bowl (?), a potter incised with a sharp object a lily and an anchor cross. While only four specimens have been excavated in Ostrów Tumski in Poznań, and the signs are hard to interpret, an attempt can be made to explain the reasons why they were placed on the receptacles. The incisions on two of them were made before the receptacles were fired, hence they can be attributed to the potters’ work. In the case of the mug (Figure 2:1; 3:1), the fact that it was made by the same person was emphasized. The act of incising the bottom of the other utensil (Figure 2:4; 3:4) may have somethingto do with it being made for a specific group of users. On the other hand, the two remaining receptacles were scratched when they were ready so they were marked by the owners at the expense of the utensils’ looks. The jug was preserved almost intact (Figures 2:2; 3:2; 4) and could hold 2 litres of liquid. It is covered with symbols meaningful to its owner, perhaps identifying him/her. A piece of the jug (Figures 2:3, 3:3) bears an inscription which, with some caution, may be interpreted as dialectal words of German or Dutch origin, meaning “my (drinking) utensil”. Irrespective of the correctness of “deciphering” the scratched signs, these are undoubtedly unique hand-written inscriptions from the second half of the 16th century. If anything, it is a good reason to devote attention to them.  
PL
During excavations carried out in Ostrów Tumski by the Institute of Prehistory of the Poznań University, a small collection of utensils was found with incised or scratched motifs which are reminiscent of decorations (Figure1). The collection includes an early medieval mug (9th – mid-10th c.; Figure 2:1) as well as jars and a plate (?; 16th c.; Figure 2:2-4) with mysterious signs placed on the receptacles before they were fired (incisions: receptacle 1 and 4) and in the course of use thereof (scratched with a sharp object: receptacle 2 and 3). They were excavated in the ducal garden next to the palace and sacral complex (receptacle 1) and the Gothic St. Mary’s church and the adjacent cemetery (receptacle 2) as well as in the northern part of the island (receptacles 3 and 4). They were excavated from cultural layers (receptacle 1), from a well’s thill (receptacle 2), a wooden waste pond where fish were kept (?; receptacle 4) and a backfill of another well (receptacle 3). On the early medieval mug, where the neck becomes a body, it the middle of its circumference, parallel to the receptacle’s edge, there are signs in the form of a vertical line, a square, another vertical line topped with tiny parallel incisions and two crossing lines incised with a sharp object in a dried utensil before it was fired (Figure 3:1). On the upper part of the body of an almost completely preserved jar, four crossing lines were scratched to form a star, a loop, three intersecting lines – a star, the letter “Y” with three perpendicular lines in the lower part and, slightly lower, a boat /a crescent (?; Figure 3:2). On another jar, in the upper part of its body, next to the handle, a sharp object was used to scratch an inscription made of 6-7 “letters” (Figure 3: 3). At the bottom of a bowl (?), a potter incised with a sharp object a lily and an anchor cross. While only four specimens have been excavated in Ostrów Tumski in Poznań, and the signs are hard to interpret, an attempt can be made to explain the reasons why they were placed on the receptacles. The incisions on two of them were made before the receptacles were fired, hence they can be attributed to the potters’ work. In the case of the mug (Figure 2:1; 3:1), the fact that it was made by the same person was emphasized. The act of incising the bottom of the other utensil (Figure 2:4; 3:4) may have somethingto do with it being made for a specific group of users. On the other hand, the two remaining receptacles were scratched when they were ready so they were marked by the owners at the expense of the utensils’ looks. The jug was preserved almost intact (Figures 2:2; 3:2; 4) and could hold 2 litres of liquid. It is covered with symbols meaningful to its owner, perhaps identifying him/her. A piece of the jug (Figures 2:3, 3:3) bears an inscription which, with some caution, may be interpreted as dialectal words of German or Dutch origin, meaning “my (drinking) utensil”. Irrespective of the correctness of “deciphering” the scratched signs, these are undoubtedly unique hand-written inscriptions from the second half of the 16th century. If anything, it is a good reason to devote attention to them.
EN
The paper deals with current problems of urban regeneration which are interesting from the economic and social point of view. In many Polish cities, the increasing number of new initiatives of spatial changes often leads to complicated consequences that then determine the quality of lifestyles, or modify the existing models of life of residents and other stakeholders. From among various effects of town revitalisation, those connected with the real estate market were selected and analysed. It has been found that there exist links between urban regeneration and the phenomenon of speculation in the housing market. The example of the Poznan´ districtS´ ro´dka was then treated as a space enabling exposure of the process and the nature of the analysed phenomena. The adopted horizon of a 5-year flashback shows considerable temporal dynamics of the observed events. Further in the paper the specifics of the area for which the analysis was carried out has been described. The conclusions indicate ongoing market changes, suggesting the beginning of gentrification phenomena, which should rather be seen in negative terms, as a manifestation of a specific, systemic paralysis of the effectiveness of the planned and implemented processes of regeneration.
PL
W artykule podjęto aktualnie nośną społecznie i gospodarczo problematykę rewitalizacji miast. W wielu polskich miastach pojawiają się coraz to nowsze inicjatywy w zakresie przemian przestrzennych, wywołujących skomplikowane następstwa, nierzadko determinujące odmienioną jakość i modyfikujące dotychczasowe modele życia mieszkańców czy innych interesariuszy. Spośród rozmaitych skutków rewitalizacji wyłoniono te manifestujące się na rynku nieruchomości. Zasygnalizowano istnienie powiązań pomiędzy rewitalizacją obszarów miejskich a zjawiskami spekulacji na rynku nieruchomości mieszkaniowych. Przykład poznańskiej Śródki potraktowano jako przestrzeń umożliwiającą naświetlenie przebiegu i charakteru analizowanych zjawisk. Przyjęta 5-letnia retrospekcja czasowa wskazuje na znaczną dynamikę notowanych wydarzeń. Zarysowano także specyfikę obszaru, dla którego prowadzono rozważania. We wnioskach wskazano na postępujące przemiany rynkowe, sugerujące początki zjawisk gentryfikacyjnych, co należy raczej traktować w kategoriach negatywnych, jako przejaw swoistego systemowego niedowładu skuteczności planowanych i wdrażanych procesów rewitalizacyjnych.
PL
Poznański rynek nieruchomości biurowych cieszy się od kilku lat rosnącym zainteresowaniem inwestorów. Na przestrzeni ostatniej dekady, widoczne były mocne różnice pomiędzy popytem a podażą, co jest charakterystyczne dla rynku dojrzewającego. Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań podaży, cen i popytu na rynku nieruchomości biurowych w Poznaniu. Opisuje stan rynku i perspektywy jego rozwoju.
EN
The office real estate market in Poznań has experienced a growing interest of investors for a couple of years now. During the last decade, the market has seen considerable amplitudes between demand and supply, which is a typical feature of a maturing market. T his article presents the outcome of supply, demand and price analysis of Poznań office market. It describes the condition of the market and perspectives for the future.
EN
Full title: [Recenzja]: Leszek Kuk, Stanisław Zimniak (a cura di/pod red.), Il Primate di Polonia card. August Hlond di fronte ai grandi conflitti dell’epoca: la seconda guerra mondiale e la guerra fredda/Prymas Polski kard. August Hlond wobec wielkich konfliktów epoki: drugiej wojny światowej i zimnej wojny. (Accademia Polacca delle Scienze Biblioteca e Centro di Studi a Roma - Conferenze 127), Roma 2012, 261s
PL
Pełny tytuł: [Recenzja]: Leszek Kuk, Stanisław Zimniak (a cura di/pod red.), Il Primate di Polonia card. August Hlond di fronte ai grandi conflitti dell’epoca: la seconda guerra mondiale e la guerra fredda/Prymas Polski kard. August Hlond wobec wielkich konfliktów epoki: drugiej wojny światowej i zimnej wojny. (Accademia Polacca delle Scienze Biblioteca e Centro di Studi a Roma - Conferenze 127), Roma 2012, 261s
EN
In 1929, the Universal National Exhibition was organized in Poznań, which was to show the achievements of reborn Poland. For over four months of the exhibition, Poznań was visited by numerous domestic and foreign groups of people and held numerous congresses and conventions. The presence of so many guests required adequate provisioning. Poznań Mayor Cyryl Ratajski also hosted official receptions. Their purpose was to bring guests closer together and show Poland and Poznań from the best side. The preserved menu from these parties presents the Polish cuisine of the time.
PL
W 1929 r. urządzono w Poznaniu Powszechną Wystawę Krajową, która miała pokazać dorobek odrodzonej Polski. Przez ponad cztery miesiące trwania wystawy Poznań odwiedzały liczne wycieczki krajowe i zagraniczne oraz organizowano wiele kongresów i zjazdów. Obecność tak wielu gości wymagała odpowiedniej aprowizacji. Oficjalne przyjęcia wydawał również prezydent Poznania Cyryl Ratajski. Ich zadaniem było zbliżenie do siebie gości oraz pokazanie Polski i Poznania z jak najlepszej strony. Zachowane menu z tych przyjęć prezentują ówczesną kuchnię polską.
EN
The article presents an image of the Abisynia housing estate in Poznań through the perspective of selected characteristics of its inhabitants. Abisynia consists of single-family houses, semi-detached houses and the so-called city villas. The analysis was based on the results of a household survey. The research concerned basic issues related to living, such as: the number of people in the household, the number and type of pets kept, means of transport used, activities undertaken in the immediate vicinity. The analysis shows that Abisynia is now a mixed-use area with the residential function still predominating. The social image of Abisynia is very coherent and basically unchanged over the years: the estate is inhabited by representatives of the upper middle class. Abyssinia’s tender spots are similar to those of other Polish households: there are too many cars here, and in some cases the public infrastructure is subject to accelerated degradation.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia obraz poznańskiego osiedla Abisynia przez pryzmat wybranych charakterystyk jego mieszkańców. Abisynia składa się z domów jednorodzinnych, bliźniaków i tzw. willi miejskich. Analizę oparto na wynikach badań ankietowych gospodarstw domowych. Badania dotyczyły podstawowych kwestii związanych z zamieszkiwaniem, takich jak: liczba osób tworzących gospodarstwo domowe, liczba i rodzaj trzymanych zwierząt, używane środki transportu, aktywności podejmowane w najbliższej okolicy. Z analizy wynika, że Abisynia jest obecnie terenem wielofunkcyjnym, na którym jednak nadal dominuje funkcja mieszkaniowa. Wizerunek Abisynii jest bardzo spójny i w zasadzie niezmieniony na przestrzeni lat: zamieszkują tutaj przedstawiciele wyższej klasy średniej. Bolączki osiedla są podobne do tych, które charakteryzują inne polskie osiedla: jest zbyt wiele samochodów, a infrastruktura publiczna w niektórych przypadkach podlega przyspieszonej degradacji.
12
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PL
Artykuł dotyczy problematyki lokalnego rynku mieszkaniowego w Poznaniu. Zaprezentowano w nim rezultaty badań przeprowadzonych w 2009 roku przez Katedrę Inwestycji i Nieruchomości Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu, obejmujące m.in. opinie kilkudziesięciu firm działających na poznańskim rynku mieszkaniowym (pośredników w obrocie nieruchomościami) na temat skutków załamania koniunktury na lokalnym rynku mieszkaniowym. Uzyskane odpowiedzi pośredników o stanie rynku mieszkaniowego i jego skutkach dla agencji oraz perspektywach ich działania okazały się interesujące i dość zróżnicowane.
EN
The article concerns on the problems of local housing market in Poznan. It presents the results of questionnaire research conducted in 2009 year by Department of Investment and Real Estate of Poznan University of Economics, containing opinions of some firms functioning on local housing market (realtors) on subject of results of break down economic situation. The results are estimated as interesting and diversified.
PL
Poczucie bezpieczeństwa znacząco wpływa na jakość życia ludzi w przestrzeni miejskiej. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie poczucia bezpieczeństwa mieszkańców miasta z uwzględnieniem przykładu Poznania. Badanie ankietowe zawierało pytania dotyczące oceny stanu bezpieczeństwa Poznania oraz jego zmian w ostatnich latach, poczucia bezpieczeństwa w zamieszkiwanej dzielnicy oraz najbliższym otoczeniu miejsca zamieszkania, wyboru najbardziej niebezpiecznej i bezpiecznej dzielnicy miasta w ciągu dnia oraz w nocy, obawy przed wybranymi rodzajami przestępstw oraz ocenę działań policji na obszarze miasta.
EN
This article seeks to present the development od public participation in local spatial planning in Poland. An assessment was made of the procedure of preparing planning documents and forms of their consultation with residents. To achieve this goal, use was made of the results of a survey research conducted among participants of public consultations in Poznań in the years 2012-2014. It is stressed that it is necessary to improve the decision-making process in urban spatial planning by accommodating not only traditional but also new forms and instruments of public participation.
EN
Most of articles on patronage in Greater Poland from the 16th to the 18th century concerns a direct dependence between the patron and the client. Thus, the present work concentrates on a specific kind of patronage – scholarship foundations, which are only briefly mentioned in historiography. Some of them are not known. “Fundatio orzelkoviana” serves as an example here to show the need for detailed relevant case studies to supplement the available data. Founded by Marcin Orzeł in 1566, the foundation existed for many years and helped young people to achieve academic education. Ius patronatus and control of the foundation was assigned to the Catedral Chapter of Poznań. Admittedly, this Chapter was interested in keeping the foundation in good condition, e. g. by being aware of economic and financial factors influencing the foundation and by carrying out the recovery in debts, be it rents or fees. The source material for the present discussion comes from the Main Archive for Poznań Archdiocese (mainly the acts of the Cathedral Chapter of Poznań, Consistory Court and the canonical visitation of Bishop Tholibowski).
EN
The article tells about historiography of a famous Polish school – Collegium Lubranscianum (English Lubrański Academy), which originated in 1519 and existed until 1780. The whole text divided into few groups, showing the position of Lubranscianum in the interpretations of historians and the lack of research allowing recognition of some aspects of Lubranscianum history, such as the educational process of young people in the school, including the methods and handbooks, or, in general, the history of the school in the seventieth and eighteenth century. It is stressed that only few works bring new knowledge into out problem and most of the historiography is based on previously published works.
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Poznańscy historycy prawa i Instytut Zachodni

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EN
During the interwar period an autonomous scientific school of historians of law was created in Poznań by scholars grouped around Zygmunt Wojciechowski and the milieu of the initiators of the Polish Western thought. Its research traditions were continued after 1945 at Poznań University and in the intense activity of the Institute for Western Affairs. The Poznań historians of law took active part in research on the German Nazi occupation of Poland during the Second World War and in studies of the Regained Territories (in the aspect of their historical heritage and current political-economic issues). In the second half of the 1940s the Institute for Western Affairs was one of the most important Polish research centres. In the Stalinist period the scientific milieu of the Institute was subjected to numerous restrictions in terms of finances and censorship, and even to certain political repressions. Nevertheless, Zygmunt Wojciechowski continued to fulfill his leading role at the Institute to the end of his life. The article discusses the basic directions of research undertaken by the historians of law within the framework of activity of the Institute for Western Affairs.
EN
An analysis is provided of the spatial-functional structure of the area of Główna, Zawady, Gdyńska and Bałtycka streets in Poznań. This region of the city is unique. On the one hand, it contains particularly valuable architectural forms, often of historical and cultural merit, and several interesting natural-landscape features passing into historical structural wedges of urban greenery. On the other hand, however, there are also storehouses as well as manufacturing and service shops there, often side by side with residential housing. The area displays a mix of functions and building forms, a deteriorating state of repair of the buildings, a vandalised urban environment, and advancing processes of ageing and depreciation. The paper is concluded with a presentation of the measures devised to transform the area that have been outlined in the Study of determinants and directions of the spatial development of the city of Poznań and the authors’ own observations.
XX
The economic strike of Poznań workers on 28 June 1956, which changed into armed riots, involved 57 fatalities and about 650 injured victims. As a result of those events over 800 people were detained, some of whom were let free immediately after the interrogation. 323 persons were arrested and their cases were investigated. Eventually, 51 bills of indictment were prepared for 134 persons. Only three trials were successfully carried out and they received the following names coming from the number of defendants – “the trial of three”, “the trial of nine” and “the trial of ten”. The Poznań trials got a lot of publicity not only in Poland but also internationally. They were broadcast by journalists of the most important agencies and newspapers. At home the trials of the participants in the Poznań 1956 protests were broadly commented on, discussed, and they gave rise to numerous mass meetings, stoppages at work, gatherings, protests. In the case of Gdańsk there exists only fragmentary information in literature concerning the reactions and feelings among Polish society. The article partly fills in this gap. It presents documents from the collection of the Bureau of Provision and Archivization of Documents in the Institute of National Remembrance in Warsaw. They are probably taken from a series of documents generated in 1956 by the Gdańsk Office of Public Security, some of which were found in Warsaw. The article may become the starting point for more thorough research on the October trials in Pomerelia (Gdańsk Pomerania) and reactions of people to the events in 1956.
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