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PL
Niniejsza praca prezentuje postawy Przasnyszan wobec nazistowskiego okupanta. Przedstawiona jest tu postawa pasywna wobec działań podejmowanych przez okupanta. Opisana jest czynna i bierna walka z okupantem. Czynna postawa polegała na walce z bronią w ręku, sabotowaniu działań podejmowanych przez nieprzyjaciela, organizowaniu tajnych kompletów oraz pomaganiu aktywnie potrzebującym. Bierna walka polegała na sabotowaniu działań podejmowanych przez okupanta i podnoszeniu ducha w narodzie. Ostatnią postawa była zdrada narodowa, czyli kolaborowanie z okupantem.
EN
The purpose of present study are attitudes of Przasnysz people in reference to Nazi occupant. Represent here is passive attitude toward actions undertaking by occu pant. Described is active and passive fight with occupant. Active attitude consist in fighting with weapon in the hand, sabotaging actions undertaken by enemy, organising secret teaching and helping people in need. Passive fight consist in sabotaging actions undertaken by occupant and raising national spirits. Last stance was national betrayal called collaboration.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł traktuje o działalności księdza prefekta Szczepana Stanisława Soszyńskiego w świetle dokumentów (sprawozdań dekadowych) wytworzonych przez Powiatowy Urząd Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego w Przasnyszu w latach 1945–1950. Są to przede wszystkim wyimki głoszonych przez niego kazań, jak również zebrane wypowiedzi osób trzecich oraz ocena działalności nauczycielskiej w szkołach. Przasnysz był pierwszą placówka duszpasterska Soszyńskiego w diecezji płockiej, na którą został skierowany w charakterze prefekta szkół gimnazjalnych i licealnych. Zyskał wówczas wielki szacunek swoich uczniów. Przykładał wiele uwagi do zaszczepienia wśród młodzieży wiary chrześcijańskiej. Znany był również z propagowania kultu św. Stanisława Kostki wśród swoich podopiecznych, dla których był zarazem wzorem godnym naśladowania, czego przejawem jest również fakt, iż cześć z jego uczniów wybrała później drogę powołania kapłańskiego. Nauczycielem w przasnyskich szkołach pozostawał do 1950 r. kiedy to został wydalony ze szkoły przez ówczesne władze państwowe „za wychowywanie młodzieży w duchu wrogim do Polski Ludowej”.
EN
The subject of the present article is the activity of Rev. Prefect Szczepan Stanisław Soszyński in the light of the documents (decade reports) of the District Office of Public Security in Przasnysz, in the years 1945-1950. The documents mainly consist of extracts of his sermons as well as third party statements and the assessment of educational activity in schools. Przasnysz was Soszyński’s first pastoral assignment in the Diocese of Płock, where he acted as the prefect of lower and upper secondary schools. He won considerable respect of his pupils. He paid much attention to instilling Christian faith among young people. He was known for propagating the cult of St. Stanislaus Kostka among his pupils, for whom he was a role model, which was later proved by many of his pupils choosing the way of priestly vocation. He was a teacher in schools in Przasnysz until 1950, when he was expelled from school by state authorities for “educating young people in the spirit hostile to People’s Republic of Poland”.
PL
Rolnictwo ekologiczne jest jedną z form działalności rolniczej. W artykule scharakteryzowano zmiany, jakie zaszły w latach 2009–2016 w odniesieniu do liczby gospodarstw ekologicznych w powiecie ostrołęckim i przasnyskim. Analizę wykonano z wykorzystaniem danych statystycznych GUS, zawartych w BDL-u oraz danych otrzymanych z Inspekcji Jakości Handlowej Artykułów Rolno- Spożywczych. Przeprowadzone badania pozwoliły ukazać tendencje w rozwoju gospodarstw ekologicznych w badanych powiatach na tle województwa mazowieckiego i całej Polski.
EN
Ecological farming is one of the forms of agricultural activity. The article describes the changes that occurred in the years 2009–2016 in relation to the number of ecological farms in Ostrołęka and Przasnysz counties. The analysis was done using the statistical data acquired from Central Statistical Office of Poland (GUS) and included in the Local Data Bank as well as the data obtained from the Agricultural and Food Quality Inspection (IJHARS). The conducted research allowed to show trends in the development of ecological farms in the counties of Ostrołęka and Przasnysz at the background of Mazovian voivodship and the whole Poland.
Studia Mazowieckie
|
2022
|
vol. 17
|
issue 1
93-107
EN
Stanisław Chełchowski (1866–1907), a landowner from Chojnów near Przasnysz, was one of the most outstanding minds in the Kingdom of Poland at the turn of the century. He spread agricultural knowledge among the nobility and peasants, he held significant academic achievements in the fi eld of ethnography, botany, and mycology. He was the organizer and the fi rst president of the Central Agricultural Society, a member of the First Duma. His unexpected death at the age of forty-one was a great shock to everyone who knew him. Chełchowski’s funeral ceremonies lasted two days and had an exceptionally rich, patriotic setting. They were attended by representatives of all states, different regions of the country and many social and political organizations. They were also widely described in the press at that time.
PL
Stanisław Chełchowski (1866–1907), ziemianin z Chojnowa koło Przasnysza, należał na przełomie XIX i XX w. do najwybitniejszych umysłów w Królestwie Polskim. Krzewił wiedzę rolniczą wśród szlachty i włościan, miał znaczące osiągnięcia naukowe w zakresie etnografi i, botaniki i mykologii. Był organizatorem i pierwszym prezesem Centralnego Towarzystwa Rolniczego, posłem do I Dumy. Jego niespodziewana śmierć w wieku zaledwie 41 lat stanowiła wielki wstrząs dla wszystkich, którzy go znali. Uroczystości pogrzebowe Chełchowskiego trwały dwa dni i miały wyjątkowo bogatą, patriotyczną oprawę. Udział w nich wzięli przedstawiciele wszystkich stanów, różnych regionów kraju oraz wielu organizacji społecznych i politycznych. Były też szeroko opisywane w ówczesnej prasie.
EN
Established in 1892, the society under the statutory name of ”The Society of the United Landwomen” [Pol. Towarzystwo Zjednoczonych Ziemianek], with its future headquarters in Warsaw, was the fi rst, and therefore the oldest, women’s institution of this type and of such impetus, with a socio-educational, economic and agricultural profi le, on the basis of which subsequent organizations were established, including the fi rst one in Canada, then in England, building their statutes on the Polish model.
PL
Założone w 1892 r. stowarzyszenie pod statutową nazwą Towarzystwo Zjednoczonych Ziemianek z przyszłą siedzibą główną w Warszawie było pierwszą, a zatem najstarszą tego typu i o takim rozmachu organizacją-instytucją kobiecą o profilu społeczno-oświatowo-gospodarczo-rolnym, na podstawie której powstawały kolejne organizacje, w tym pierwsze w Kanadzie, potem w Anglii, budujące swoje statuty na wzorze polskim.
EN
The years 2007-2008 witnessed the determination of the degree of the preservation of historical roof rafter framing in sacral monuments in Mazovia. The pertinent studies encompassed the historical borders of Mazovia from the second half of the sixteenth century, and all sacral buildings – brick and wooden churches, together with eventual monasteries and chapels, erected to the mid-nineteenth century. Such a chronological limit made it possible to become familiar with monuments that could contain preserved roof constructions and those most interesting from the scientific viewpoint. The prime objective of the conducted studies was to establish the number of preserved historical roof trusses and to collect basic data concerning the sort of extant constructions as well as the time of their origin. Each construction was accompanied by a basic description as well as photographic and drawn documentation. The investigations led to the recognition of 312 monuments, in which 523 rafter framings constructions were examined. Among the total of the monuments as many as 210 preserved 330 historical roof constructions were raised to the middle of the nineteenth century. A total of 102 monuments no longer contained historical roof framings, while the general number of the non-historical constructions amounted to 1 3. The conducted examinations made it possible to assess the presumed time of the erection of particular rafter framings. The largest number of the constructions was built in the course of the eighteenth and nineteenth century. Within 330 historical constructions as many as 280 may originate from that period (eighteenth century – 1 8, nineteenth century – 132). The domination of trusses from the eighteenth and nineteenth century stems from the specificity of Mazovian architecture, with a distinct prevalence of buildings erected in the eighteenth century, as well as the considerable construction movement that took place in sacral architecture in the nineteenth century and resulted in an exchange of a large number of the original trusses into new constructions. Due to those reasons none of the constructions has been dated as fifteenth-century, and only nine framings are described an sixteenthcentury. A mere 1 constructions presumably originate from the seventeenth century. The conducted verification simultaneously entitles to present an initial typology of the roof rafter framings. The authors applied all the fundamental types of constructions, from the simplest rafter (3) and collar beam (27) to the more complicated king- -post (6 ), queen-post (12 ) and truss rafter (26). The three latter types were frequently linked in mixed king-post-queen-post (36) and truss rafter- -queen-post constructions ( 7). The inventories also include three dome constructions, based on expanded queen-post configurations with radially arranged truss rafters. The presented outcome of the distinction of the degree of the preservation of historical trusses in sacral monuments of Mazovian architecture make it feasible to propose an initial analysis of the types and chronological transformations of roof constructions in a relatively large part of the country. The documentation and data gathered in the course of the performed investigations facilitate the definition of the research material resources, aiming at a complete and detailed systematic of the roof constriction in Mazovia and the popularisation of knowledge about those extremely interesting elements, as a rule ignored by researchers.
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