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EN
Making women’s bodies accessible to men in the commercial context is related to specific ways of experiencing it. The purpose of the article is to discuss the category of a non-present, selectively present, and present body, which refers to ways in which female sex workers experience their bodies during commercial sex acts. There will also be conditions listed that correspond to the occurrence of each of these categories. The article is based on qualitative data (mainly unstructured interviews), which were analyzed in accordance with the procedures of grounded theory methodology.
Ethics in Progress
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2012
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vol. 3
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issue 1
97-110
EN
The purpose of the following article is to point out the essential role of postconventional moral judgement in professionalized action. By some examples I will demonstrate that it is the precondition of completed professionalization.
Society Register
|
2022
|
vol. 6
|
issue 2
87-108
EN
Children’s rights should be applicable for children, and be acknowledged by children themselves and practice them in the present and future lives. The increasing awareness and concern about children’s rights need a thorough investigation of how children themselves understand their rights. The aim of this study is to analyze the perspective of children in Lebanon of their rights and examine the impact of democratic movements on their understanding of their rights. A qualitative research methodology was employed and data were gathered in the form of semi-structured VoIP interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the collected data. The analysis presented in this paper signifies that the democratic movements are being both a source and an approach of recognizing and practising children’s rights, especially the right to participate, freedom of expression, and equality, along with the right to education, social security, and protection from all forms of abuse. Hence, it could be concluded that democratic movements are important in constructing and reconstructing children’s understanding of their rights.
EN
Mobbing at the workplace assumes strong, intensive, and significant interactions between an offender and a target, or a group of targets, causing serious damage to work efficiency, atmosphere, motivation, and employee fluctuation. It also highly affects the victims’ mental health, which often results in excluding them from work for a long time. The objective of this paper is to examine the issue of mobbing from the perspective of symbolic interactionism (SI) that is useful in explaining social phenomena on a micro and mezzo level. Through inductive reasoning with the use of grounded theory (GT), I focus on the narratives of mobbing targets and their stories concerning maltreatment at the workplace. The study based on a qualitative approach included 72 narrative interviews carried out among harassment victims, as well as 12 in-depth interviews with professionals dealing with the matter of mobbing. Moreover, to directly follow work-related processes linked to organizational behavior, I utilized participant observation.
EN
This article deals with fieldwork in challenging research contexts that make preparation for field research particularly difficult. Challenging contexts include generally insecure places, politicized contexts, and unknown settings. Drawing on our experience in the field, we discuss four challenges that are common across these contexts: access, positionality, researcher well-being, and research design and data collection. Bringing together insights from fieldwork with urban elites and in the countryside, this paper describes problems that occurred in both settings and identifies a set of interpersonal skills that helped the authors to tackle the challenges of the field and seize the opportunities it offered. This article posits that recognizing the importance of certain interpersonal skills, namely: openness, empathy, humility, and flexibility, precedes the identification of practical tools. Interpersonal skills, instead, focus on a general attitude that underlies researchers’ capacity to make informed choices about specific courses of actions, preparing fieldworkers to be prepared to confront problems once they arise.
EN
Since the early 1990s much has been written about how ethnographers should do fieldwork of the local in a globalizing world. The challenge of communicating their analyses authentically in a world of information overload is much less debated. To rectify this situation, I argue in this paper that five balancing acts are crucial to those who do ethnographies of the global, or “globographers,” in their writing. Emerging from a review of the history of fieldwork and writing, these balancing acts constitute a template of how a communicative consciousness may assist qualitative researchers in achieving ethnographic integrity.
EN
Purpose: The purpose of the research is to analyze the role that sport plays in the lives of persons with physical disabilities within the process of rehabilitation and the improvement of their quality of life. Background: The article raises the notions of changes that take place in the life of a physically handicapped person which is due to their engagement in a sports activity. In the article, I refer to the subjective perspective of those researched, rendering their own point of view into the major subject of analysis. Methods: Qualitative data are exploited in the research, collected through a technique of unstructured interviews and undisguised observations conducted among the disabled practicing sports. Findings: The role of sport practiced by the disabled has been determined within several contexts, which were distinguished within the course of the research as analytical categories. Conclusion: On the basis of the research it was found that getting involved in a sports activity is significant within the process of experiencing life satisfaction, personal development and the reconstruction of the ego, self-identity, and transformations in the manner of perceiving both themselves and others. Therefore, a sports activity of a disabled person supports the rehabilitation process effectively.
EN
Ordinary theology is one of the emerging streams in theology. In this approach, the accounts of God and creation by those believers who have not undergone formal academic theological training are researched. The article describes the conception of freedom in ordinary theology of the elderly who have participated in research on the constructions of spirituality and old age. A strong element of negative freedom from prescriptions and regulations is present in the ordinary theology of these seniors. This does not lead, however, to unreflected, unguided action, but to the possibility of adherence to the Ten Commandments as a guide for empathically relating to others. Sins are then related to forgiveness. Against the pole of freedom, then, is pro‑guidance, which is in the nature of predestination, the meaning of which is subject to reflection or interpretation. The findings can be interpreted both in the context of the need to develop spirituality, which Halík speaks of in his conception of the afternoon of Christianity, but also in the context of theodicy.
EN
Sex and sexuality are deemed “sensitive” issues in relatively conservative, predominantly Muslim countries. Men’s sex and sexualities research within such cultural contexts confronts certain challenges and raises important methodological issues. This paper reflects on some of the methodological issues and challenges encountered when carrying out a study in Bangladesh. It reports on a male researcher’s qualitative study of men’s sexual health and masculinity in Bangladesh, a predominantly Muslim country where sexuality is largely constituted as a taboo subject. The researcher faced challenges in gaining access and in discussing sex and sexuality issues in interview settings. Moreover, the interview context emerged as a site for expressing, negotiating, challenging men and masculinities. Drawing upon experiences in navigating the “field” in Bangladesh, some of the useful ways of researching “sensitive” issues such as sex, sexuality, and masculinity within these settings are suggested, highlighting what works when researching men’s sexual health and masculinity.
EN
A gap exists in the scientific knowledge on the consequences of witchcraft accusations. Research on the consequences of witchcraft accusations has not adequately brought out the negative consequences of such accusations on the local communities where the accused live. This study sought to describe and understand the negative consequences of accusing older people of practicing witchcraft on the two communities of Zambia – one rural community and one urban community. By undertaking qualitative research with 31 local community leaders involved in addressing cases of witchcraft accusations involving older people, the study established that accusing older people of practicing witchcraft has huge negative consequences on the local communities where the accused live and on the whole Zambian community. The three main negative consequences that emerged from the data are: family and community divisions, low participation in community activities, and generational hatred. On the basis of the present findings, the article concludes that the consequences of accusing older people of practicing witchcraft in Zambia have far reaching negative consequences on the Zambian communities both in rural and urban Zambia than what is documented in the existing literatures. Thus, the article recommends that since witchcraft accusations is a common problem in different regions of the world, future research should investigate the negative consequences of such accusations on the local communities where the accused live. This is essential in broadening scientific knowledge on the consequences of witchcraft accusations.
EN
Qualitative field research can capture the life worlds and definitions of the situation of informants often not reported in quantitative studies. Post hoc reflections of how more seasoned researchers de­fine, assess, and interpret the process of entering the field and the interview dynamic between the researcher’s subjectivity and the subjectivity of informants are widespread in the qualitative research literature. However, seldom are the personal stories and reflections of neophyte researchers voiced in published accounts. This article accounts for my experiences in researching the “dirty work” of front­line caseworkers and the importance of practicing empathy while managing a boundary. I emphasize the practical sense-making challenges of managing a delicate balance between under and over rapport in researching homeless shelter caseworkers as an occupational group. My experiences underscore the challenging dynamics of maintaining a professionally oriented research-role, as well as the crucial importance of boundary work and distancing as practical strategies to qualitative interviewing.
EN
Qualitative researchers are expected to engage in reflexivity, whereby they consider the impact of their own social locations and biases on the research process. Part of this practice involves the consideration of boundaries between the researcher and the participant, including the extent to which the researcher may be considered an insider or an outsider with respect to the area of study. This article explores the three different processes by which boundaries are made and deconstructed, and the ethical complexities of this boundary making/(un)making process. This paper examines the strengths and limitations of three specific scenarios: 1) when the researcher is fully cloaked and hiding their positionalities; 2) when there is strategic undressing to reveal some positionalities; 3) when there is no cloak, and all positionalities are shared or revealed. This paper argues that it is insufficient to be reflexive about boundaries through acknowledgement, and instead advocates reflexivity that directly examines the processes by which social locations are shared and hidden during the research process.
EN
Current library instructions, textbooks do not adequately address children, because they do not consider children’s (pre)conceptions about information literacy. Using qualitative methods this research tries to describe conceptual frameworks, distinctions to support a more efficient and constructivist library instruction. In our opinion research does not result in adaptive information about conceptions, if the research subject does not investigate relationships from the point of view of information and information literacy generally and in terms of some preferred resources. This study emphasizes a relationship between libraries and learning in children’s conceptions. Four types of conceptions were revealed in this specific sub-field, which influence preparing for autonomous learning and lifelong learning.
EN
Scholars have identified a range of factors that influence the ability of researchers to access hard-toreach groups and the willingness of their members to participate in research. In this paper, we draw on insights from both ethnographic methods and participatory action research to demonstrate the importance of building trust in our relationships with hard-to-reach participants in research based on interviews. Such trust-building, we show, is greatly facilitated by pre-recruitment immersion that aids not only the recruitment of individual participants but also improves the quality of the data collected. These methodological concerns emerged from an interview study focusing on Muslim women’s use of urban public recreational spaces in South-East Michigan. Although the first author of this paper, as a woman and a Muslim, is a formal insider in the study population, her experiences with recruitment demonstrate that the access granted by insider status is insufficient as grounds for a research relationship based on trust. This is so especially when the target population is as marginalized and embattled as the post 9/11 immigrant Muslim community. With more than two years of community immersion, however, she was able to foster enough trust to secure a large number of committed participants that spoke freely and thoughtfully about the issues at stake (78 in all).
EN
This paper presents an analysis of the common-sense definitions of hatha-yoga practice.Employing qualitative research methods, I aim to develop an understanding of how yogais perceived by people exercising and practicing it. Initially it appears as if most practitionershad an idiosyncratic approach to definitions of yoga: However, as my analysis showsindividual and personal approaches are in fact based on social framing of yoga definitionspresented in classical yoga texts and by instructors’ interpretations of these texts. Moreover,popular media ideologies emphasising the healthy effects of the hatha-yoga also playan important role, including the stress placed on the psychotherapeutic effect of yogaexercising. My analysis further identifies problematic issues in the verbal transmission ofhatha-yoga definitions; this aspect of this paper suggests that other methods (e.g. visualones) might also be conducive to studying the perception and definition of hatha-yoga.
UK
Мета роботи: Мета цього дослідження - вивчити роль сторітелінгу як якісного підходу в організаційному управлінні, зосередившись на цінностях та емоціях, що передаються через наративи. Дослідження спрямоване на вивчення потенціалу сторітелінгу для зміцнення зв'язків, підтримки мереж та покращення адаптивності людей, водночас вирішуючи проблему відсутності узгодженості у цій сфері. Дизайн / Метод / Підхід дослідження: У цьому дослідженні використовувалася стратегія вторинного дослідження. Результати дослідження: У цьому дослідженні автори доводять, що наратив має вирішальне значення для ефективного організаційного управління та лідерства. Однак, незважаючи на значущість і творчий підхід до розвитку якісних досліджень в управлінні, зростання кількості наративних методів призвело до відсутності узгодженості в цій галузі. Теоретична цінність дослідження: Теоретичні висновки цього дослідження підкреслюють важливість компетентного організаційного управління та лідерства в сторітелінгу. Це дослідження підкреслює, що сторітелінг є важливим інструментом для передачі цінностей та емоцій, а також для створення зв'язків і мереж підтримки, досліджуючи функцію наративу в управлінні. Зростання популярності методів сторітелінгу, однак, також підкреслює відсутність послідовності в цій сфері. Дослідження закликає до подальшого вивчення взаємозв'язку між сторітелінгом та адаптацією людини, а також валідності сторітелінгу як методології для якісних управлінських досліджень. Отримані результати допомагають прояснити теоретичні основи сторітелінгу та його використання в корпоративних ситуаціях. Практична цінність дослідження: Хоча в літературі визнаються значні емоційні та психологічні переваги, пов'язані з використанням сторітелінгу в дослідженнях, не було жодних доказів зв'язку між поліпшенням адаптивності людини та використанням сторітелінгу в дослідженнях. У цьому дослідженні авторка доводить, що наратив має вирішальне значення для ефективного організаційного управління та лідерства. Незважаючи на важливість і творчий підхід до розвитку якісних управлінських досліджень, зростання поверхових методів призвело до відсутності узгодженості в цій галузі. Оригінальність / Цінність дослідження: У цій статті розглядається застосування сторітелінгу в управлінні організацією і те, як сторітелінг використовується як інструмент якісного дослідження. Обмеження дослідження / Майбутні дослідження: Дослідження було зосереджене на вторинних дослідженнях, а отже, може бути обмежене результатами попередніх досліджень.
EN
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the role of storytelling as a qualitative approach in organizational management, focusing on the values and emotions conveyed through narratives. The research aims to explore the potential of storytelling to strengthen connections, support networks, and improve people's adaptability, while addressing the lack of coherence in this area. Design/Method/Approach: This study used a secondary research strategy. Findings: Throughout this study, the author makes the case that narrative is critical to effective organizational management and leadership. However, meaningful and creative in developing qualitative research in management is, the growth of story methods has resulted in a lack of consistency in the field. Theoretical Implications: The theoretical findings of this study emphasize the importance of competent organizational management and leadership in storytelling. This study emphasizes that storytelling is an important tool for communicating values and emotions, as well as for creating connections and support networks, exploring the function of narrative in management. The growing popularity of storytelling methods, however, also highlights the lack of consistency in this area. The study calls for further research into the relationship between storytelling and human adaptation, as well as the validity of storytelling as a methodology for qualitative management research. The results help to clarify the theoretical foundations of storytelling and its use in corporate situations. Practical Implications: Although literature acknowledges significantly emotional and psychological advantages associated with using storytelling in studies, there has been no evidence of the link between improving human adaptability and using storytelling in research. Throughout this study, the author makes the case that narrative is critical to effective organizational management and leadership. Although essential and creative in developing qualitative management research is, the growth of story methods has resulted in a lack of consistency in the field. Originality/Value: This paper addresses the application of storytelling to organization management and how storytelling is used as a tool for qualitative research. Research Limitations/Future Research: The research was primarily focused on secondary research and, therefore, could be limited to previous research findings.
EN
I would like to present the possibility of broadening the traditional methodological and technical skills of researcher and analyst, but also the intellectual capacity of the researcher associated with combining data, categorizing, linking categories, as well as the interpretation of the causes and consequences of the emergence of certain social phenomena. Some methodologies, methods, and research techniques are more conducive to creative conceptual and interpretive solutions. Therefore, I describe the serendipity phenomenon in such methodologies as grounded theory, ethnography, phenomenological research, and contemplative inquiry. The problem of intuition in qualitative research will be also described in the paper. There will be presented also some suggestions how to be creative in qualitative research. From the review of issues of creativity in qualitative research we can derive the following conclusions: Creativity in qualitative research depends on the strength of a priori conceptualization and stiffness of the adapted methods of research and analysis. If the methodology is more flexible (as the methodology of grounded theory), the researcher can get to phenomena that he/she has not realized and which are still scantily explored in his/her field of expertise. The phenomenological and contemplative approaches allow the use of the investigator’s feelings and experience as they appear in the studied phenomena, which usually does not take place in objectifying and positivistic research. The investigator may therefore consciously use these methodologies and approaches that foster creativity. The researchers can improve their skills in thinking and creative action by doing some methodical exercises (journal writing, writing poetry as a summary of the collected data, the use of art as representation of the phenomenon, the use of meditation, observation of the body feelings, humor, etc.).
PL
This paper presents an analysis of the common-sense definitions of hatha-yoga practice.Employing qualitative research methods, I aim to develop an understanding of how yogais perceived by people exercising and practicing it. Initially it appears as if most practitionershad an idiosyncratic approach to definitions of yoga: However, as my analysis showsindividual and personal approaches are in fact based on social framing of yoga definitionspresented in classical yoga texts and by instructors’ interpretations of these texts. Moreover,popular media ideologies emphasising the healthy effects of the hatha-yoga also playan important role, including the stress placed on the psychotherapeutic effect of yogaexercising. My analysis further identifies problematic issues in the verbal transmission ofhatha-yoga definitions; this aspect of this paper suggests that other methods (e.g. visualones) might also be conducive to studying the perception and definition of hatha-yoga.
EN
The article aims to describe vulnerable groups in the context of qualitative research in social science with special attention to ethical and methodological dilemmas. This is a theoretical study, which does not aspire to offer solutions or guidelines, but rather show elements worth taking notice of and analyzing when research is planned and carried out. We argue that in the social sciences, vulnerability is relational and crucial. However, social science researchers perceive the category of vulnerability as ambiguous and nuanced. This article shows that ascribing research participants univocally to a vulnerable group may lead not only to them being stereotyped and deprived of individuality but also to a situation where the research act itself disempowers them. We also argue that apart from issues often raised concerning the protection of participants from vulnerable groups, the researcher and their protection are also pivotal, particularly when the researcher, due to their involvement, abandons the out-group perspective or when they belong to the vulnerable group.
EN
This phenomenological study investigated the experiences of newcomer youth who attended counselling during their adolescence after migrating to Canada. Specifically, the phenomenon under investigation was that of multicultural counselling competencies. Accordingly, 20 individuals between 19 and 23 years old completed a 90-minute, in-depth, semistructured qualitative interview about their perceptions of their counsellors’ cultural competence. Results yielded four significant categories highlighting the critical role of counsellor awareness, knowledge, and skills, as well as the multicultural counselling relationship. These findings highlight the manner in which multicultural counselling competencies needs to be targeted when working with young newcomers in their host country. Implications for practice, training, research, and policy are presented.
PL
Przedstawione tu fenomenologiczne badanie dotyczyło doświadczeń nowo przybyłej młodzieży, która uczęszczała na terapię w okresie dorastania po migracji do Kanady. Badania dotyczyły kompetencji doradców realizujących wielokulturowe poradnictwo. Przeprowadzono je na 20-osobowej grupie młodzieży w wieku od 19 do 23 lat, stosując 90-minutowy, pogłębiony, częściowo ustrukturyzowany wywiad jakościowy na temat kompetencji wielokulturowych ich doradców. Wyniki dostarczyły odpowiedzi pozwalających wyłonić cztery istotne kategorie, podkreślające kluczową rolę samoświadomości, wiedzy i umiejętności doradców, a także ich sposobów nawiązywania relacji w ramach poradnictwa multikulturowego. Wyprowadzone z nich wnioski zwracają uwagę na to, jak w kraju przyjmującym powinny być rozwijane kompetencje wielokulturowego doradcy współpracującego z młodymi nowo przybyłymi migrantami. Przedstawiono implikacje odnośnie do praktyki, szkoleń, badań i polityki.
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