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1

The driving forces of regionalism in Hungary

100%
Farago L.
Ter es Tarsadalom (Space and Society)
|
2004
|
vol. 18
|
issue 3
1-23
EN
Nowadays a quite actual question is how to carry on with Hungarian regionalization. This study aims to assist in the establishment of the decision by discussing the ideological and spatial theory basis of regionalization, and by the evaluation of the European new regionalization and the Hungarian practice. It proves that the base of the actual dominant view is materialist, Marxist and neoliberalist. In this aspect the transition of 1990 did not bring about paradigm changes in this field. Facing this opinion we recognize the decisional nature of developing regions but current processes lack the imperative material or real factual fundaments. Thus it is necessary to develop an alternative ideological founding and the use of a practical approach. When discussing the Hungarian relations the study shows the nationalistic cultural bases of the Hungarian regionalization do not exist since Trianon treaty. There is no reason even by the spatial dimension of the actual economic processes to establish regions below national level. In Hungary regionalization occurs mainly in scientific and political discussions. The driving-force is not the establishment of more efficient and democratic state-structure, and the autonomous regional political environment, but in the highest degree the external European Union pragmatist factors. According to the author the 'European new regionalism' has started to blow, and it is doubtful that without European Union support the inner impulsive forces will be able to carry on the regionalism, which will be decided by the power fight of non equal bodies.
2

Local knowledge creation: tacit knowledge and local knowledge transfer

80%
Lengyel B.
Ter es Tarsadalom (Space and Society)
|
2004
|
vol. 18
|
issue 2
51-71
EN
Knowledge appears as resource more and more often in current conceptions of regional development. Formation of the knowledge based society and economy has greatly contributed to the economic revision of the concept and characteristics of knowledge. Knowledge plays a more and more important role in the investigations of regional science: regional inequalities are explained with different knowledge stock and with the related social resources. For the regional economic development the economic and local characteristics of knowledge creation and -transfer have essential importance, they need to be taken into consideration while planning development programs, and especially when working out innovation strategies. The scientific literature of knowledge deals emphatically with the local factors of knowledge creation and knowledge transfer that are related to the concept of tacit knowledge. The study surveys models based on tacit knowledge from the international literature of organizational knowledge creation, and enlarges upon the models' interpretability. The so called knowledge spiral (SECI) model of local knowledge creation and -transfer is extended with the adaptation of the latest results of organizational models. The applicability of the principles of knowledge creation is highlighted with the help of a practical example from Finland (Tampere).
3

Some thoughts about the historical preliminaries and consequences of the formation of peripheries

80%
Baranyi B.
Ter es Tarsadalom (Space and Society)
|
2004
|
vol. 18
|
issue 2
1-21
EN
The essay, which also deals with universal historical correlations, introduces the historical preliminaries and the consequences of the formation of peripheries in Hungary. The author, by discussing the historical dimensions of the centre-periphery relations, gives an in-depth analysis of the characteristics of the inner peripheries (e.g. Bihar, Middle Tisza region, Szatmár, Cserehát, large areas of Somogy and Tolna counties etc.) and also of the outer (border region) peripheries. The author also explores, mostly using the example of the large region of the Great Hungarian Plain, the features of the backwardness, in some cases multiple deprivation. In the author's view, the history of the Great Hungarian Plain is actually the history of a belated development in a belated country: as regards the level of development, the larger part of East Hungary is semi-peripheral in character. The accession of Hungary to the European Union, however, can decrease the existing territorial differences on the whole, alleviate the crisis phenomena coming from the backward situation and promote the catching up of the peripheral regions. Today it seems certain that a combination of sustainable development and decline will be typical in the inner and external peripheries for a longer time, although the crisis will be less and less significant, confined to the level of certain micro-regions. It remains an open question, however, how much the supports expected after the EU accession of Hungary will contribute to the fundamental transformation of the centre-periphery relations. These supports will nevertheless be crucial for the catching up of the Hungarian peripheries, because they will find it difficult or even impossible to get out of the long-term crisis on their own.
4

BIOGRAPHICAL AND ORAL HISTORY RESEARCH IN LITHUANIA (Eluloo- ja suulise ajaloo uurimine Leedus)

61%
Sutiniene I.
Mäetagused
|
2009
|
vol. 43
145-158
EN
The article provides an overview of the main topics and areas of biographical and oral history research in Lithuania starting from the 1990s. The overview covers studies that analyze oral or written autobiographical narratives or deal with personal experiences of historical events. A brief summary is also given of the institutional activities in collecting biographical information and establishing archives in Lithuania. The issues and areas of biographical research in Lithuania confirm that while analyzing individual biographies of the people of Lithuania it is difficult to avoid the historical dimension, which reflects the relation of an individual with the historical factors and changes (especially, the Soviet and German occupations and the post-Socialist coup). The individual and the collective need to cope with the socio-political breaks and changing regimes have to a considerable degree determined both: the generation and collection of narratives of personal reminiscences as well as the biographical and oral history research.
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