The article compares the lives and works of two scholars, marking the beginnings of Czech history of art, with emphasis put on the relation between art and nation. Miroslav Tyrš (1832 – 1884) devoted all his energy and skills to the Czech national renascence, while thinking and attitudes of Max Dvořák (1874 – 1921) already belonged to the era of a culturally integrated Europe, which had started to form itself at that very time.
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