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WHY ARE THEY SO EAGER TO RETIRE? (ON THE TRANSITION TO RETIREMENT IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

100%
Rabusic L.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2004
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vol. 40
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issue 3
319-342
EN
In an ageing Czech society, the age of retirement has become an important issue in the debates over how to reform the pension system. In this article, which deals with the transition to retirement, the central questions posed are what perspective Czechs have on the timing of their retirement, and whether they are beginning to prepare themselves for the eventuality that they will have to retire much later than has thus far been the case. Using the results from various Czech representative surveys, the paper uncovers the paradox of early retirement. This consists of contradictory links. The Czechs know that their society is ageing, that they are living longer and that the number of pensioners is increasing. They know also that after retirement their level of income (pension) will decrease substantially, having a serious impact on their standard of living. Yet despite these facts, middle-aged and elderly Czechs (45 years and older) not only are opposed to any increase in the statutory retirement age, but more frequently they even indicate a preference for early retirement. Interestingly, research conducted among the elderly has shown that many of those who are already retired today admit that they did not really want to retire. This article tries to find an explanation for this paradox in the mentality that exists with regard to retirement, which was formed by the peculiarities of the socialist labour market, and/or in the psychology of the life course.
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Renty zmienne jako alternatywne źródło dochodu na starość

80%
Cycoń M., Jedynak T.
Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie
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2012
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issue 889
5-16
EN
Because of the dynamic changes taking place in Polish society, and uncertainty about the future of the public pension system, there is room for new financial instruments in the domestic market. Desirable characteristics of modern long-term financial instruments include flexibility, asset protection and a minimum rate of guaranteed returns, and the ability to cater product parameters to individual needs. Popular in western markets, variable annuities with built-in guarantees are one product which meets these criteria. This paper discusses the various guarantees offered with variable annuities and the distinguishing characteristics of the variable annuity. It also analyses the availability of variable annuities in Poland and discusses the most significant barriers to their development in Poland.
3

TAX POLICY OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND SECURING FUNDS FOR RETIREMENT

80%
Janoušková J., Kirschnerová P.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
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2018
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vol. 66
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issue 9
888 – 908
EN
Pension policy and issues relating to the life of the elderly in an ageing Europe is one of the major areas that cannot be ignored. The severity of the pension issues is enhanced by the long-term demographic development and the associated question of financing the pension system. The paper is aimed at tax allowances, which are intended to support the old-age security in the form of voluntary and individual savings. In addition to their description, the ways of how these options are used by tax entities are clarified, too. The aim of the research is to assess the use of legislative tax tools leading to the increase in the effectiveness of the given measures. Methodically the research is based on the evaluation of secondary statistical data of the Czech Statistical Office and Financial Administration of the Czech Republic. The data are statistically backed up by primary research, which was carried out in 2016.
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IMPACT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL PREPARATION INFORMATION ON RETIREMENT PLANNING INTENTION AND RETIREMENT CONCEPTUALIZATION

80%
Bačová V., Kohút M., Halama P.
Studia Psychologica
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2023
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vol. 65
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issue 2
133-153
EN
The research aim was to find out whether providing information on psychological preparation would produce changes in pre-retirees retirement planning intentions and advance retirement concepts. In the experiment, we divided the pre-retirees (N = 567, mean age of 54.91, SD = 3.55 years, working full-time) into four groups (with and without pre-test, with and without the information provided). There were no differences between the pre-test and post-test conditions. However, the results showed that participants acknowledged the need to prepare for retirement even before the intervention. The participants also rated themselves as psychologically prepared for retirement. The results also indicated which pre-retirees could benefit from psychological preparation: those who believe they would have a disadvantageous and unfavourable retirement transition. The next group is the ones who tend to conceptualize their retirement as an imposed disruption as they also perceive their psychological resources for a successful transition as insufficient.
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TRANSITION FROM WORK TO RETIREMENT: THEORETICAL MODELS AND FACTORS OF ADAPTATION

80%
Martinčeková L., Škrobáková Ž.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
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2019
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vol. 22
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issue 1
1 – 15
EN
The article aims to provide a review of the currently most accepted models explaining transition and adjustment to retirement, which include role theory, continuity theory, life course perspective, and the resource-based dynamic model for retirement adjustment. One of the main theories explaining adaptation to retirement is role theory. Based on this theory, retirement can be characterized as a role transition (Riley & Riley, 1994), when a job role is weakened or even lost, and roles associated with family and community are strengthened (Barnes-Farrell, 2003). Research suggests that an individual can maintain continuity even through part-time employment (Feldman & Beehr, 2001) or by maintaining leisure activities (Pushkar et al., 2011) after retiring. Continuity theory, therefore, suggests that a retired person is directly responsible for creating an adaptation strategy which may help them in their transition. Life course perspective theory, on the other hand, discusses two main factors influencing retirement: a) individual history -including past life transitions, working and recreational habits (Carr & Kail 2013), and b) individual attributes -such as demographics, health and financial status and transition capabilities (Griffin & Hesketh 2008; Wang, 2007).
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IS RETIREMENT REALLY ABOUT OLD AGE? CONCEPTUALIZATION OF RETIREMENT AMONG SLOVAK PRE-RETIREES

80%
Bačová V., Havan P.
Studia Psychologica
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2023
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vol. 65
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issue 4
350 - 363
EN
We investigated how the Slovak pre-retiree participants (N = 450, 50 to 62 years; M = 54.9) conceptualize retirement. We used the Retirement Lifestyles Questionnaire for measuring retirement concepts, The Passion Scale, Attitudes toward Gains and Losses in Retirement, and Basic Need Satisfaction in the General Scale for measuring variables that could help us shed light on retirement concepts. Exploratory factor analysis of the retirement conceptualizations derived from Hornstein and Wapner’s framework set aside the Transition to the old age concept and endorsed the New Start and Imposed Disruption concepts. The Continuation concept was split into two: Continuation in Activities and Life without Change. Correlation analyses corroborated the connections between the concept of New Start and the perception of gains in retirement and the connections between the concept of Continuation in activities and the basic psychological needs satisfaction and gains in entering retirement. No connections were found with the concept of Life without Change. The Imposed Disruption concept was connected to retirement losses and obsessive work passion. The new retirement concepts questionnaire seems to be a prospective tool for detecting adjustment problems in retirement transition, above all in the case of the retirement concept of Imposed Disruption.
7

APPLICATION OF THE LIFECYCLE THEORY IN SLOVAK PENSION SYSTEM

70%
Balco M., Šebo J., Mešťan M., Šebová Ľ.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
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2018
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vol. 66
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issue 1
64 – 80
EN
In the wake of population ageing and increasing public pension liabilities, many countries have reformed their pension systems, moving away (at least partially) from defined benefit (DB) pension schemes and towards defined contribution (DC) pension schemes. Slovakia’s reformed its pension system into two main pillars – I. pillar PAYG scheme and II. pillar DC scheme. Slovak pension reform brings up a lot of questions regarding the optimality of two main pillars pension system set up. In this paper, we seek to investigate the effects of different Slovak pension system set up alternatives and their implications on lifecycle savings and individual welfare using own stochastic life cycle model of partial equilibrium. Results could serve as a basis for further discussion on improving the legislature on parameters’ set-up of both pension pillars in Slovakia as well as abroad.
8

THE EFFECT OF NEW OCCUPATION ON THE MENTAL HEALTH OF RETIRED PERSONS

70%
Yarmohammadian A., Yazdkhasti F.
Studia Psychologica
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2010
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vol. 52
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issue 1
69-76
EN
The purpose of this paper was to explore inter-group differences in mental and physical health between retired persons who have returned to work and those who are unemployed. Selected demographic attributes (sex, age, years of education, etc.) were also examined for their relationship to mental health. The subjects were a convenience sample of 150 people aged 48 to 72 who were recruited from a retirement centre in Isfahan city (75 newly-employed retired persons, and a control group of 75 unemployed retired persons). The general health questionnaire (GHQ) was applied to measure the status of mental health. The results showed that unemployed retired persons had significantly lower scores than those who had new employment in mental health and, especially, in physical function.
9

DETAILED VIEW OF A PAY-OUT PRODUCT OF THE OLD-AGE PENSION SAVING SCHEME IN SLOVAKIA

61%
Špirková J., Szűcs G., Kollár I.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
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2019
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vol. 67
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issue 7
761 – 777
EN
This paper discusses a selected product of the pay-out phase of the old-age pension saving scheme in Slovakia which is stated by Act 43/2004 Coll. on the Old-Age Pension Saving Scheme, in Article 46. It models and analyses the amount of pension annuities in the designed product according to mortality rates, euro area yield curves, specific composition of the insurance strain, expenses and other requirements of the authorities of the European Union and Act 39/2015 Coll. Additionally, the paper provides answers to current questions about the pay-out phase of pension savings. It points to all aspects relating to the determination of the amount of future pensions.
10
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Strategie przechodzenia na emeryturę w Polsce po 1989 roku. Oczekiwania społeczne i praktyki kulturowe

51%
Krzyżowski Ł.
Studia Socjologiczne
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2011
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issue 2(201)
165-189
PL
W artykule zajmuję się starzejącym się polskim społeczeństwem w perspektywie systemowych i kulturowych strategii przechodzenia na emeryturę. Staram się odpowiedzieć w nim na pytanie: jak różne kategorie starszych pracowników reagują na sytuację rynkową w Polsce i jakie stosują strategie przechodzenia na emeryturę w kontekście wzorów kulturowych determinujących kształt ról społecznych pełnionych przez osoby starsze. W związku z powyższym stawiam w niniejszym artykule tezę, iż jednostki na własny sposób interpretują oczekiwania społeczne kształtując własną strategię przechodzenia na emeryturę. Niemniej kształt i tempo dezaktywizacji zawodowej w Polsce uzależnione jest zarówno od stanu zdrowia, jak i powiązanych ze sobą czynników o charakterze kulturowym i systemowym.
EN
In the article I am writing about ageing of Polish society in the perspective of systemic and cultural retirement transition strategies. I intend to answer the following question: how do the different categories of elderly employees react to the job market situation in Poland and what kinds of strategies of retirement do they apply in context of cultural patterns influencing social roles of old people. In reference to this, I make an assumption in the article that people interpret social expectations in their own ways while forming their retirement strategies. Nevertheless, the form and speed of withdrawal from labor market in Poland depend both on the person's state of health as well as on intertwined systemic and cultural factors.
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