This article reports the results obtained during a study of the economic efficiency of organic grain farming and risk factors that reduce efficiency. It was determined that all the surveyed farms which did not use modern plant nutrients or pesticides in the production of rye, barley and wheat suffered great economic losses. These losses result from a disparity between high production costs and low income from the actual or potential sale of grain. The cause of losses is the low grain yield: however, the main economic risk is caused by low photosynthesis capability exhausted by plant diseases and insufficient plant nutrition, a condition that prevents the accumulation of solar energy in order to ensure an economically efficient yield.
Approaches to the classifications of enterprise’s risks are analyzed; the classification of risks of the building enterprise, which takes into account the particularity of building product creating process and the classification of risk factors that influence the risks of the building enterprise are proposed.
The aim of this study was to compare the knowledge and health-seeking behaviour of women over 40 years old and the physiotherapy students on osteoporosis. The study group is characterized by high knowledge of the factors affecting osteoporosis and the basic symptoms. Women over the age of 40 more often have problems with mention of the symptoms than students. We should increase the educational activities in symptoms and prevention of osteoporosis as well as the promotion of physical activity.
The quantitative and qualitative evaluation of activity risk of food market subjects has been conducted. Ranging of subjects according to the level of riskiness on the basis of absolute and relative risk indexes has been carried out. Approaches to the account of risks at food market activity planning have been offered.
The approaches to the ecological and economic risks conception determination have been analyzed; the risks classification has been presented, based on the author approach, the factors of the risks expression and realization have been systematized and the conceptual statements and principles of the ecological and economic risks management have been developed in the paper.
In paper the objective marketing risks which are caused by the influence of macro- and microenvironment factors at developing innovative products and entering them to the market are analyzed and estimated. The consequences of possible risks are estimated and specific methods risk-reduction are offered.
In the article the impact of two groups of work risk factors on the perceived safety was analysed in the data of the EWCS 2010. The obtained results confirmed that presence of physical and also psycho social risk factors influence negatively the level of perceived work safety. For women to the most influential factors belong tiring and painful positions, exposure to the materials which can be infectious, loud noise (physical), stress, and handling of angry clients (psychosocial factors). For men these are tiring and painful positions, dust, low temperature, heavy loads (physical), stress, and handling of angry clients.
(Polish title - 'Wplyw opóznionych zmiennych warunkowych na zmiany stóp zwrotu akcji notowanych na GPW w Warszawie'). The paper presents the testing of Fama and French three-factor model and the two- and three-factor aggregated model proposed earlier by the author. The conducted test concerns the impact of condition variables on changes to the rates of return on the shares quoted on the Warsaw Stock Exchange main market for 1995-2005. The analysis is based on the procedure proposed by Ferson and Harvey (1999). Fama and French lagged factors act as condition variables, the lagged rate of return on free-from-risk shares and lagged factor HMLF of the proposed aggregated model. The results of the analysis lead to the conclusion that the lagged rate of return on free-from-risk shares contributes additional information both to Fama and French model and the aggregated model. It implies that the two procedures may not be regarded as the examples of condition models. Lagged factor HMLF also has an impact on Fama and French model. On the other hand, no impact is recorded of Fama and French lagged factors on the description of the rates of return by means of the aggregated model. On the basis of the obtained results one should noute that the aggregated 2-factor and 3-factor models explain the cross section of average returns of shares listed on the Polish market better than Fama and French 3-factor model.
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