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1

NEVE GIĽA – NOVÁ VRSTVA RÓMSKYCH PIESNÍ NA SLOVENSKU

100%
Belisová J.
Musicologica Slovaca
|
2010
|
vol. 1 (27)
|
issue 2
245-271
EN
In the song repertoire of Romany in Slovakia, alongside the older layer (phurikane gila) there is a distinctly new layer of songs (neve gila). This is composed songs of heterogeneous genre origin, influenced by popular music and also by the older layer of Romany songs. A feature common to all of them is their brief life-span in the active repertoire. The new layer of Romany songs may be assigned to the group of transitory songs and to the group of new songs. An accompanying phenomenon of these songs is the emergence of modern musical ensembles, using electrical instruments and composed almost exclusively of men.
2

ROMA CULTURE IN MUSEUM (Kultura Romów w muzeum)

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Mann A. B.
Studia Romologica
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2008
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vol. 1
253-264
EN
(Title in Roma language: E Rromenqeri kultura dr-o muzeum). In the context of museum exposition space the author attempts to define which elements of culture are to be considered specifically Romani. He comes to conclusion that nearly the entire material culture of Roma people as well as major parts of its spiritual and social components have been absorbed from the lower stratum of the surrounding cultures. It is then quite futile to try to isolate some particularly unique complex of objects or cultural features as symptomatic of the Roma. One should regard as Romani, whatever the Roma think of as such. The Roma are in general not interested in Roma related publications, they do not tend to will to educate their children in the Roma language and even the Roma parents do not wish their children to know anything about the Roma. The question hence arises about the attitude the Roma have towards their own ethnic identity. Is it of any importance to them at all? In the past they experienced their identity negatively - as a handicap and the majority of them still feel that way today. Some of the Roma deliberately deny its background and culture, forget their language, ignore traditional customs and choose to assimilate. They are those who gained education and a better social position. Becoming aware of the traits of one's culture is one of the manifestations of ethnic identity but the set of „culture's ethnic traits' is not predefined. The national emancipation of Roma is currently being brought about by the efforts of members of the Roma elite but also by encouragement coming from the general population which consider ethnic identity to be a crucial component of their culture and who demand it from the rest of the society. Here is where the author recognizes serious problems that result from establishing 'ethnic museums' - the Roma ones in this case. This should be accompanied with cautious and sensible cultural policy on national level.
3

HOW DO ROMA REMEMBER? (Jak Romowie pamietaja?)

100%
Kapralski S.
Studia Romologica
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2008
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vol. 1
213-232
EN
(Title in Roma language: Sar seren/leparen o Rroma?). (A polemics with Michael Stewart's article Remembering without commemoration: the mnemonics and politics of Holocaust memories among European Roma, 'Journal of Royal Anthropological Institute' nr 10, 2004) In the recent years the traditional approach to Roma as „people without history and memory' has been challenged, among others, by a new perspective that assumes that even if Roma do not consciously reflect upon their past, the past is „remembered'for them due to the fact that it is in a way „stored' or „embedded' in the nature of the relations between Roma and non-Roma. Such an „implicit memory' approach, represented by Michael Stewart, means a step forward since it has assumed a more sophisticated concept of social memory. Nevertheless, it shares with the older approach the essentialized concept of Roma identity. With a help of Lech Mroz's conception of Romani „non-memory that does not mean forgetting', I am developing my criticism of Stewart's argument as (1) treating the Roma as a passive and static group formed by external determinants; (2) homogenizing the diversity of Romani life; (3) presenting a monolithic picture of the non-Roma world; (4) seeing a firm borderline between Roma and non-Roma while we should rather speak here of a liminal frontier zone; (5) neglecting the actual cases of active remembrance among Roma, supported by Romani commemorative ceremonies. In the end, I am suggesting that in contemporary „postmodern condition' the Romani practices of memory and identity do not radically differ from the non-Romani ones, especially those influenced by traumatic historical experience.
4

Przywództwo i przedstawicielstwo

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Grzymała-Kazłowski A.
Studia Romologica
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2015
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vol. 8
115-134
EN
The article outlines different types of leadership and representation in the communities of Polish Roma from the perspective of political sciences and historiography. The main bulk of the argument deals with the period of the last twenty-five years. The author claims this period to be crucial in the process of forming the modern leadership among the Roma and shaping Roma public life. The article presents the pivotal events, occurrences, and activities of particular persons that contributed to the contemporary shape of the public life of the Polish Roma. It is argued that the most important in this respect were the processes of building Roma NGOs and their subsequent development, influenced, among other factors, by different standpoints of Roma leaders regarding the goals of these organizations and the methods they employed. The author claims that these differences have been most vividly revealed as a result of paying out compensation for the Roma victims of the Third Reich. The divisions that came out at that time have also been followed by differences in the evaluation and the quality of the engagement of the Roma organizations and their leaders in the implementation of the governmental integration programs carried out in 2001–2013. Eventually, the author points out significant deficiencies in the existing studies of the last twenty-five years of the Roma public life in Poland and recommends an in-depth research on the issues raised in this article.
5
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BARIÉRY V PRÍSTUPE K PITNEJ VODE AKO ASPEKT SOCIÁLNEHO VYLÚČENIA RÓMSKEJ POPULÁCIE

100%
Škobla D., Filčák R.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2014
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vol. 46
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issue 5
620 – 637
EN
The main objective of this study is to explore and critically apply Bourdieu's concept of the field to identify barriers that hinder access to clean, safe sources of drinking water for the Roma population at a local level. The main barriers identified are power asymmetries and the lack of representation for those who have difficulty in accessing drinking water. The study combines a quantitative, empirical description of the water infrastructure in so-called Roma settlements with a qualitative account of structural inequalities in the local field of power. The authors suggest that equal access to water infrastructure should be assured through Roma-focused affirmative action, and recommend strengthening both universal social policies and central decision-making to neutralize the partisan interests and biased decision-making that are sometimes present at the local level.
6

Zanikająca profesja. Cygańscy niedźwiednicy w Rumunii (Ursari) – historia i metody tresury

100%
Kocój E.
Studia Romologica
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2015
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vol. 8
145-164
EN
The history of Gypsies, whom scholars often consider as the so-called people without history, still raises many questions to researchers. The history of Gypsy culture can be reconstructed and interpreted from the fragments of ancient sources as well as through the memories of the living representatives of these ethnic groups. This article presents preliminary research on the history and training methods associated with Ursari (from the Romanian urs meaning ʻbearʼ) – a Gypsy group and, at the same time, a profession of animal trainers, particularly bear-handlers, from Romania.
7

Ustanawianie pamięci i trud budowania tożsamości. Refleksja nad ruchem romskim i jego historiografią

100%
van Baar H.
Studia Romologica
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2015
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vol. 8
73-97
EN
This article discusses various dilemmas that are related to historical and contemporary processes of Romani identity formation through an examination of what I consider as Romani acts of memory. By so doing, I reflect upon what has been called “the Romani movement” and the ways in which this social movement has hitherto been represented in the literature. I argue that an analysis of the Romani movement from the perspective of enactments of memory sheds new light on the hard and complex labor of Romani identity formation, as well as on the prevailing historiographies of the Romani movement.
8

SLOVAK ROMA BEYOND ANTHROPOLOGICAL ESCAPISM AND EXOTIC OTHERNESS. CONCEPT OF “WHITENESS” AND THE STRUCTURES OF EVERYDAY LIFE

100%
Šotola J., Rodríguez Polo M., Škobla D.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2018
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vol. 66
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issue 4
487 – 500
EN
This paper discusses the etic construction of Slovak Roma as a homogenous group essentialised as a marginal, disconnected, uneducated and asocial “other”. The authors acknowledge the severe situation of exclusion suffered by many Roma in Slovakia but argue that diverse social positionalities also exist which are often ignored. Grounded in field research and ethnographic knowledge, the present paper deconstructs Roma homogeneity and tries to provide inside optics to different Roma conceptions. In doing so, the Roma agency is located in different fields, which opens new questions for research. Social situations which avoid the cliché of marginality make it possible to explore the existent interrelations between the overrepresentation of supposed Roma homogeneity and otherness and the muted existence of their counter-part – dominating non-Roma. Using methodological approaches close to whiteness studies, the authors attempt to go beyond approaches focusing on Roma as the exotic others. The role of non-Roma agency and power structures omnipresent in everyday life will be discussed as a key factor often muted in etic constructions of Roma.
9

Unia Europejska – Romowie. Wzajemne uwarunkowania polityki

100%
Szewczyk M.
Studia Romologica
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2015
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vol. 8
99-114
EN
The EU policy towards the Rroms was formulated in the European Commission’s 2011 Communication. It was shaped by consultations with Rroms and the Member States. To a great extent, it was also consistent with pro-development of objectives of the EU. The Europe 2020 strategy focuses on employment, education, housing and access to medical services which are also response to a bad situation of Rroms in these areas. However, the EU does not concentrate on the problem of discrimination too much. What is more, the EU claims that after reaching a certain level of socio-economic indicators, the problem is solved automatically. Discrimination will not disappear without a deliberate intervention unless the Rroms assimilate. However, neither they, nor – at least theoretically – the EU accepts it. The main problem connected with Rroms’ articulation of needs, is the matter of legitimacy of representation of this group’s interests. The so-called “new leaders” are responsible for keeping contacts with the mainstream society. They formulate Rroms’ needs and influence the policy of the EU and the Member States. Unfortunately, they represent only small groups of Rroms. Moreover, In order to legitimize the representation of the Rromani society, they have to be a part of the Rromani community and submit to rules coming from traditional values. Due to these limitations, it is difficult to determine what are Rroms’ real expectations regarding the policy of the EU and the Member States towards them. On the basis of the Declaration of a Rromani Nation (IRU, 2000) and social practice, it may be supposed that the Rroms expect mainly the elimination of discrimination and respecting human rights. However, in practice, they receive a vague promise that discrimination will disappear in the future, provided that they join the mainstream of social and economic life of Europe.
10

Mowa nienawiści wobec społeczności romskiej na podstawie memów internetowych

100%
Odrzywołek K.
Studia Romologica
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2015
|
vol. 8
EN
This article is an analysis of hate speech directed against Roma minority based on Internet memes (colorful pictures with comments on leisure and entertainment websites). It explains legal functioning of this phenomenon in Poland and indicates related dangers. The article presents a sociological research which demonstrates that Internet memos, to a large extent, shape a negative opinion of young people on Roma minority and contribute to the consolidation of harmful stereotypes. In extreme situations, they may also lead to open hostility and violence. The author suggests that especially teachers and informal educators conducting classes on Roma community must pay attention to this phenomenon.
11

THE TINY GYPSY DICTIONARY OF 1881 FROM CIESZYN SILESIA (Slowniczek cyganski z 1881 r. z terenu Slaska Cieszynskiego)

100%
Spyra J.
Studia Romologica
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2008
|
vol. 1
167-174
EN
(Title in Roma language: Tikni lavustik katar-o b. 1881, kidime dre Cieszynosqero Slask). In a manuscript titled Notatki do Historyi Szlaska (Notes on the History of Silesia), which Jerzy Kotula, a Cieszyn's bookseller and a student of his region, had been writing from 1881, we may find three pages in which he put down Gypsy words with Polish translation. Kotula's source of information was Jozef Balasz, whom the author of this article tries to identify with the help of the existing documents from the 19th Century. The tiny dictionary presented in the article has been a modest contribution to the research on Gypsies from Cieszyn Silesia.
12

Sytuacja społeczno-ekonomiczna Romów w Żywcu (analiza danych zastanych)

100%
Weigl B., Popiołek B., Rycielska L., Formanowicz M.
Studia Romologica
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2014
|
vol. 7
197-218
EN
In the article we present, the results of the qualitative part of the research program diagnosing Polish - Roma relations in Żywiec in Silesia (Poland) during 2004–2011. The research program aimed at identifying the actual situation of the Roma community, their perception by the Poles and potential areas of conflict between the groups. Official statistics were analyzed to determine the problems and needs of the Roma community in reference to the problems and needs of the Polish community (data from Police, Municipal Police, Social Welfare, labor and probation officers), so as press releases, websites and reports of non-governmental organizations referring to the situation of the Roma community or Polish-Roma relations in the region. Results of the review indicate that the two communities live in isolation from one another; poor living conditions of the Roma are accompanied by the perception of the group as poor and economically disadvantaged. There is no pertaining conflict between the Roma and non- Roma community in Żywiec but there are periodically recurring tensions between groups associated with ad hoc situations, for instance allocation of goods (social housing).
13

Minority politics in steps

88%
Meszaros J.
Hadtudomany (Military Science)
|
2004
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vol. 14
|
issue 3/4
133-141
EN
The author, starting from the general situation of minorities and problems involved in the application of minority rights, demonstrates the situation of minority politics in Hungary, which basically focuses on the 'Roma situation'. The author goes into details about how the Hungarian Armed Forces takes its share in the tasks of improving the situation of the 'Roma' minority groups and improving their social integration.
14
Content available remote

SPIŠSKÝ HRHOV AKO PRÍKLAD KOMPLEXNOSTI VZÁJOMNÝCH VZŤAHOV RÓMOV A NERÓMOV NA LOKÁLNEJ ÚROVNI

88%
Mušinka A.
Annales Scientia Politica
|
2018
|
vol. 7
|
issue 2
50 – 55
EN
The paper focuses on the presentation and analysis of activities aimed at improving the situation of the Romani community in Spišský Hrhov. We point out and explain that the conditions faced by local Roma cannot be perceived as ideal; that the whole situation must be analysed in a complex plane in order to understand the real picture. Why, despite many years of community activities, most Roma continue to live in a separate settlement, and why the local majority still perceives the Roma as different.
15

ROMA LABELLING: POLICY AND ACADEMIA

88%
Marushiakova E., Popov V.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2018
|
vol. 66
|
issue 4
385 - 418
EN
Groups of people who are all called by their surrounding population with different appellations, which is usually translated into English as “Gypsies” have lived for centuries in different countries of Central, South-Eastern and Eastern Europe In the last quarter of a century, instead of these names, a new common designation has been established in the region’s public discourse, based on their self-appellation “Roma”. The processes of labelling and imposition of the new name on these communities did not stop in this region, and the label “Roma” is increasingly spreading in the remaining parts of Europe and even beyond. This process of imposing “from above” of a “politically correct” labelling, however, has led to, for some perhaps unexpectedly, to others predictably, an impact on the field. Some local communities labelled today “Roma” started to demonstrate publicly their reluctance to comply with the designation imposed on them from the “outside”. The proposed article will reveal the historical sources of labelling of these communities and main dimensions of these contradictory processes. More generally the article will pose the question on the necessity for change in the relationship between academia on the one hand and the political ideology on the other. In other words, the question is about the main task and responsibility of academia – is it about examining the reality and bringing new knowledge, or presenting the reality according pre-defined norms?
16

Doświadczenie zagłady i początki samoorganizacji niemieckich Sinti

88%
Kapralski S.
Studia Romologica
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2015
|
vol. 8
55-72
EN
The article presents the genealogy of the process of self-organization of German Sinti in the context of the aftermath of the Nazi persecution of this group. The author points out the ambivalent construction of Sinti identity that has been developed in the course of the fight for compensation. It consists of the conviction of having been an integral part of the German society as well as the feeling of having been excluded from this society. This ambiguity is interpreted in terms of an anthropological model of double coding, in which identity is understood as a dynamic process of building the relations between the external and internal boundaries of the group. This model has been subsequently used in the description of the relations between Sinti and Roma.
17

ESCAPING THE LABYRINTH OF ROMA POLITICAL REPRESENTATION. REFLECTIONS ON COMMON CITIZENSHIP

88%
Cortés Gómez I.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
|
2018
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vol. 66
|
issue 4
436 – 451
EN
The paper reconstructs the genesis of contemporary debates on Roma rights in Europe, from the early 1990s up to now. It focuses on official documents and key experts’ opinions, within the context of the fall of State-Socialism and the consequent Europeanization of Human Rights. The assemblage of texts analysed here constitutes a complex field that embraces a multiplicity of institutions, individuals and discourses. In this field, texts are principle instruments of influencing and ruling politics, and they crystalize a complex process of policy institutionalization. By doing institutional discourse analysis, this paper examines the genesis of EU Roma policies pointing out two core antinomies: a) the ethnicity blind liberal concept of individual emancipation has proved to reproduce interethnic inequality, due to its incapacity to counter deeply root anti gypsyism as a mechanism of social exclusion. b) The ethno-communitarian concept of collective emancipation has revealed the limits of civic initiatives based on NGO-networks, while power differentials in democratic elected bodies and public institutions continue to be unaddressed. To overcome such antinomies, the paper explores different political scenarios, to enable pathways for Roma equality by enacting processes of common citizenship.
18

LANGUAGE CONSEQUENCES OF MIGRATION OF ROMANI SPEAKERS FROM SLOVAKIA TO GREAT BRITAIN AND BACK: THE CHANGE OF PARADIGM OF TOWN NAMES IN TWO ROMANI DIALECTS

88%
Červenka J.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2017
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vol. 65
|
issue 4
383 – 403
EN
The article focuses on language changes in Romani spoken by Slovak emigrants to England and re-emigrants to Slovakia or by people residing alternately in both countries as the case may be. The changes are monitored separately in two Romani groups: the so called Slovak Roma (speakers of the Northern-Central dialect of Romani) and the Vlax Roma (speakers of the Slovak variety of the Lovari dialect). The author addresses the way the language is influenced both by the changes of the environment and lifestyle and the changes of the contact language. He mostly focuses on adult respondents whose contact language has really changed during their life. He concentrates on one striking and unexpected change: the change of the system according to which toponyms, specifically town names, are created in Romani. First the author submits the survey of the system in the pre-emigration situation that has not been systematically published for either of the examined dialects. Further on, he introduces the changes the described system has gone through in both the dialects due to the influence of migration to Western Europe and he cautiously attempts to suggest interpretation of the examined phenomenon.
19

ANALÝZA INTERVENCIÍ NA ZMIERŇOVANIE PREDSUDKOV VOČI RÓMOM NA SLOVENSKU Z POHĽADU SOCIÁLNO-PSYCHOLOGICKÉHO POZNANIA

88%
Hargašová L., Lášticová B., Poslon X. D., Belán D.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
|
2021
|
vol. 69
|
issue 1
116 - 136
EN
Despite numerous efforts of Roma inclusion from various State and non-governmental organisations, segregation and socioeconomic marginalisation of the Roma is still widespread in Slovakia. In this paper, we show what social-psychological factors intervene into the process of intergroup relations change and how they can influence the effectiveness of interventions to reduce antigypsyism. We contend that establishing intergroup harmony between majority and minority may, by creating false assumptions about the absence of structural inequalities, weaken the potential for social change and minority collective action. Based on the theoretical analysis as well as the content analysis of anti-discrimination interventions carried out in the year 2018 and the thematic analysis of interviews with selected stakeholders (NGO representatives, intervention participants, sponsors) we identified four challenges that need to be tackled if the interventions are to succeed in reducing antigypsyism. These are: 1) essentializing vs. empowerment of minorities; 2) tension between the colour blind and multiculturalism approaches; 3) problem of intergroup boundaries and their consequences for generalization of positive intergroup attitudes to the whole outgroup; and 4) societal norms defining the nature of intergroup relations. We discuss how these challenges ought to be addressed in successful anti-discrimination interventions.
20

“ROMA” LABELLING, IDENTITY POLITICS AND EU-INTEGRATION: THE CASE OF MONTENEGRO

88%
Zahova S.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
|
2018
|
vol. 66
|
issue 4
419 – 435
EN
The article makes an overview of the groups labelled as Gypsy/Roma and minority policies related to Roma in present day of Montenegro. It discusses how – in view of the processes in the region and in the course of the state’s EU-integration –the top-down approach of adopting definitions centred on the terms “Roma and Egyptians” and “Roma” have influenced the state politics of identity regarding supporting and promoting new identities, as well as reinforcing the label “Roma” and “Romani” for all communities considered of common (Gypsy/Roma) origin. Further on, the impact of EU-integration discourse on legislation and setting up Romani and Egyptian organizations is discussed within the public policies sector. Finally, I discuss initiatives and resources for publishing in Romani language in a country where a great part of the groups considered being of Romani origin speak another language as a mother tongue. My main argument is that the minority protection EU-conditionality and the special focus on the rights of the Roma, have led to an “import” of Roma issues for “solving”, along with copy-pasting of activities that supposedly aim to flag Romani identity and language even though neither Romani identity nor Romani language are characteristic for all communities labelled as “Roma”.
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