Search results

1

Obrazy Białorusi i Białorusinów w świetle procesów globalizacyjnych

100%

Idzior A.

Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne

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2014

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vol. 23

133-144

EN

The purpose of this article is to introduce the image of the Republic of Belarus and Belarusians in the context of the “Theory of the Turn” of Arjun Appadurai. It analyzes the ethnoscapes, mediascapes, technoscapes, finanscapes and ideascapes constituting the contemporary picture of the Republic of Belarus and Belarusians. In the modern, globalized world both imaginations and symbols served an important role in inter-ethnic relations. Contemporary images of the Republic of Belarus and Belarusian culture are constructed based on the actions of globalized mass media. The Polish media are dominated by the political image of Belarus. Belarusian society is being shown as passive in relation to Lukashenko’s dictatorship. Polish public media are not interested in the Belarusians’ culture, science or art. Contrary to widespread flow of information on the globalized world, the image of the Republic of Belarus and Belarusians is characterized by vagueness and insufficient information.

2

Органы местного самоуправления в международных отношениях: специфика и перспективы польско-белорусского сотрудничества

100%

Leszczenko L.

Wschodnioznawstwo

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2018

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issue 12

113-125

EN

The paper presents brief history of the issue referred to in the title. Attention is drawn to the variety of formats and areas of cooperation between Polish and Belarusian local authorities, taking into account also the legal aspects of bilateral and multilateral cooperation. Comparative characteristics of the functioning of local self-governance systems in Belarus and Poland are discussed, with the focus on such issues as the context of systemic change, the specifics of the legal framework of both countries, international cooperation with third countries and organizations, as well as the motivation of the cooperating parties; special attention is paid to the consideration of successes and fallacies in the existing experience. The main part of the paper presents an analysis of the current Polish-Belarusian cooperation at the level of local governments. Principal external factors influencing the activation of bilateral relations are considered in detail: the place of Russia and the Eurasian Union in ongoing re-orientation of Belarus; Polish- Belarusian relations and the European Union; crisis in Polish-Russian relations; the Ukrainian dimension. With regard to internal factors ifluencing the Polish-Belarusian cooperation at the level of local self-government, the following issues are considered: state policies; legal issues; the level of democratic freedoms and independence in decision-making; ' nancial and economic problems; cultural, and informational components; personal dimension. In the final part of the paper the importance of the new realities is highlighted, and prospects of cooperation of local governments in Poland and Belarus are summarized; latest developments and the new trends in the area of cooperation are outlined, and the prospects of new possible areas of cooperation, and the supportive policies on the part of both the respective states as well as of international organizations are suggested.

3

Military Policy of the Republic of Belarus: Belarusian Historiography

100%

Sanzharevskiy O.

Historia i Polityka

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2015

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issue 14(21)

43-49

EN

The article deals with the achievement of the Belarusian scientific thought in the last 20 years in the field of military policy research, military cooperation, and partnership with Russia.

4

The problems of development of national innovation system

100%

Kolesnikova I.

Nierówności społeczne a wzrost gospodarczy

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2012

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vol. 26

107-121

PL

Zgodnie z teorią ewolucji i rozwoju białoruskiego systemu gospodarki powinny być skierowane na poprawę innowacyjności w poziomie mikro i makro. Obecne tendencje globalizacji gospodarek narodowych prowadzi do tego, że w ostatnich latach wzrosły penetracji produktów hightech na rynkach krajowych. Działalność innowacyjną przedsiębiorstw jest ograniczony przez wielu obiektywnych i subiektywnych problemów (globalny kryzys finansowy, niestabilność finansowa, wysokie ryzyko, brak odpowiednich badań i środków planowania, naukowe i rynku informacji itp.). Optymalna struktura wydatków na innowacje jest jednym z czynników wpływających na działalność innowacyjną podmiotów gospodarczych. Jest to jeden z wektorów wejściowych strategii innowacyjności.

EN

In order of the theory of evolutionary and systematic the development of Belarus economy needs to be re-orientated to increasing of innovation activity in micro- and macro-levels. Modern tendencies of globalization of national economies lead to recent of intensification of the processes of penetration of high-tech products into the home markets. Innovation activity of enterprises is restrained by many objective and subjective problems (global financial crisis, unstable financial, high risk, absence of one’s own research and designing resources, scientific and market information etc.). The optimal structure of innovation expenditures is one of the factors influencing the innovative activity of businesses. She is one of the input vectors of innovation strategy.

5

Features and Trends in External Migration in the Republic of Belarus

100%

Hrybau A., Kulakou V., Napiórkowska-Baryła A.

Olsztyn Economic Journal

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2020

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vol. 15

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issue 1

63-75

EN

This study identified the major trends in external migration, typical of the current development stage of the Republic of Belarus and their effect on the economy. The consequences of the global financial and economic crisis had a considerable impact on migration flows around the globe. These processes are reflected in the growing tension in the labour markets in different countries. The basic features of the Belarusian labour market remain the low share of the private sector and excessive state interventionism. For the Belarusian economy, which is in transition, the initial inflow of foreign labour resources at the beginning of the 2000s has transformed into a clear trend towards an outflow of skilled workers. This trend requires a detailed analysis of current processes and identification of the major directions and causes of migration, especially in the depopulation processes observed. The analysis presented in this paper is based on data from the National Statistics Committee of the Republic of Belarus and covers the years 2014-2018. The comparative statistical analysis method used in the study (creating time series reflecting changes of the phenomenon over time) identified the current trends and characteristic features of internal migration processes in the Republic of Belarus. Moreover, the main directions of population movements were determined as well as the causes of changes in the structure and intensity of migration flows.

6

Vectors of development in higher education of Russia and Belarus: A comparative approach

88%

Titarenko L. G.

Eastern Review

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2019

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vol. 8

9-29

EN

The article is devoted to the sphere of higher education in two former Soviet countries: Russia and Belarus . It is aimed to compare the systems of higher education in these countries under the angle of global and regional challenges . The article is based on national statistics from both states and survey data . The author analyses the ways that each of the countries’ practices to increase its educational competitiveness on the global level and adapt to the market conditions . It is described that both countries use such mechanisms in the sphere of higher education as an educational service for foreign students and membership in the educational associations (European and Eurasian) . The scale of the systems of higher education and their potential are described to explain the similarities and differences between the two countries. Three types of educational integration are described . The article concludes that the system of higher education in Belarus is currently developing in a way that differs from Russia and its achievements are much smaller; at the same time, regardless of the declarations on the necessity of internationalisation, current development leads Belarus further away from the European education system, while also not make it closer to Russia . A lack of resources and political dominance over the educational goals make the Belarusian system of higher education not as attractive for students as the Russian one .

7

Взаємовідносини по лінії Москва – Мінськ у рамках енергетичного сектору

75%

Клачиньскі Р.

Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona

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2018

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issue 8

71-76

EN

A paper entitled Cooperation between Moskow and Minsk in the energy sector describes the most important problems of gas and petrol market at the European part of former USSR. It is an attempt to answer questions aroused by the situation at the post-soviet petrol market. Its analytical part is based on statistical data, analytical papers of the most important think-tanks in that matter, books and papers together with internet resources. All above mentioned contribute to an author`s proper arguments which are focused on abilities and limitations of petrol and gas sector of Russian Federation and Republic of Belarus. The paper provides an information about bilateral relations of these countries, describes Russian energy strategy towards pos-soviet area, especially towards the Belarus` role. It also describes Russian-Belarusian relations in broad international context and also Belarusian dilemmas while Minsk does refuse Russians to obtain strategic importance in the country`s energy sector on the one hand, but also must strictly cooperate with Moscow while Belarusian economy is unable to function without cheap petrol and gas supplies from Russia. An author focuses also on Yamal pipeline and the eventual threat from the Nord-Stream project and also describes the meaning of BTS1 and BTS2 installations which virtually are the pressure tools on Belarus. He characterizes the background of past and current energy conflicts in bilateral relations and indicates the role of petrol and gas as political tools at Russian disposal, towards Belarus. He also formulate prognosis, based on his past analyzes. According to an author Belarus must solve the problem of its own dependency on Moscow in the energy area. Without it she won`t be a clearly independent state. In the same time Russia is using all possible tools and strengths it monopoly on the Belarusian petrol market. This kind of policy is a step in Russian Federation`s policies aimed at regaining imperial role again in the post-soviet area.

8

Ocena zgodności z prawem Unii Europejskiej poselskiego projektu ustawy o ograniczeniu przewozu towarów przez przewoźników zarejestrowanych na terenie Federacji Rosyjskiej lub Republiki Białoruskiej

75%

Olejniczak D.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2022

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issue 3(75)

73-79

EN

The provisions of the bill providing for the restriction of the entry into the territory of the Republic of Poland of carriers from the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus are incompatible with the principles of the common commercial policy on the free importation of goods into the EU. Any action in this area may only be taken by the Union, while Member States may only do so on the authority of the Union or for the implementation of Union law.

9

Fenomén historickej pamäti o stalinizme v Ruskej federácii a v Bieloruskej republike

75%

Meňkovskij V. I.

Acta historica Neosoliensia Vedecký časopis pre historické vedy

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2016

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vol. 19

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issue 2

119-127

EN

In Belarus and Russia, the attitude of both the authorities and the public toward the Soviet past and Soviet history has mostly been a complicated one. This array of issues definitely incorporates the history of Stalinism in all its dimensions and ramifications. Presently, the objective analysis of the historical experience of the Stalin period of the Soviet history is becoming, afresh, a matter of common civic significance. It has become the primary objective of national historiographies to “develop new national histories” and alter the paradigms created in the Soviet years.

10

The Militia and the Special Services in the Contemporary Politics of History of Belarus

75%

Laneuski A.

Institute of National Remembrance Review

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2019

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vol. 1

219-263

EN

The fundamental direction of politics of history in Belarus under the rule of Aleksandr Lukashenko has been to maintain and cultivate the memory of the Great Patriotic War and the Soviet period. Although the Republic of Belarus remains the most faithful heir to the Soviet inheritance, over time its politics of memory has begun to shift towards the establishment and consolidation of its own history of Belarusian statehood. The last several years have more actively revealed the authorities’ new trend in the field of politics of history, which involves the creation of a heroic image for the secret service (NKVD, KGB) and the militia in the history of the Belarusian state. This tendency is characterised by a nonaggressive, but national-level, wide range of commemorative measures which are aimed at creating a myth of the KGB and the militia. Starting from the Great Patriotic War, which remains central to the Belarusian government’s politics of history, new historical heroes have begun to emerge in the form of officers of the security services. The military and intelligence services are still linked to the figure of Felix Dzerzhinsky, and the cultivation of his memory in Belarus still predominates over the commemoration of other historical figures. A number of events (including those at state level) dedicated to the commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the Belarusian militia and the KGB in 2017 gave a particular boost to these commemorative measures. In this article, the author will analyse the Belarusian authorities’ current politics of history in this regard by introducing readers to a variety of commemorative practices (the unveiling of monuments, official speeches, films, historical reconstructions, etc.). Moreover, attention will be drawn to the current policy in Belarus and the place within it for the special services, as well as the lack of any consideration of the Soviet past (the Stalinist repressions, Kurapaty, the NKVD, access to archives), the international aspects of Belarus’s current politics of memory (links to Russia), and the martyrological and sacral character of the memory of the KGB and militia.

11

Instytucje demokracji bezpośredniej w systemie samorządu lokalnego w Republice Białoruś

75%

Czachor R.

Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego

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2017

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issue 1 (35)

155-172

PL

Samorząd lokalny w Republice Białorusi jest instytucją prawa konstytucyjnego. Przewiduje się w nim funkcjonowanie instytucji demokracji pośredniej i bezpośredniej. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest omówienie prawnych aspektów funkcjonowania instytucji demokracji bezpośredniej w systemie samorządu lokalnego w Republice Białoruś, w tym referendum lokalnego, zebrania lokalnego oraz organów terytorialnego samorządu społecznego Wskazano również problemy w realizacji zasad demokracji bezpośredniej, odnosząc je do specyfiki niedemokratycznego reżimu politycznego współczesnej Białorusi.

EN

Local self-government in the Republic of Belarus is an institution of constitutional law. It declares functioning of institutions of direct and indirect democracy. The aim of following paper is to describe legal aspects of institutions of direct democracy in the system of local self-government in Belarus including local referendum, local assembly and territorial social self-government. It discusses also problems in implementation of direct democracy mechanisms, relating this with the specificity of nondemocratic political regime in contemporary Belarus.

12

The Specificity of the National Identity in the Epoch of Globalization

63%

Liahchylin A., Astrouskaya T.

Limes. Cultural Regionalistics

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2008

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vol. 1

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issue 2

108-112

EN

This article is devoted to the analysis of the national identity in the epoch of globalization. With the impact of globalization things and relations have changed rapidly. The authors try to show that the same situation happened to the national identity, the borders of which are becoming more and more flexible and movable. This situation can be used for the purpose of the renaissance of the national identity. However, it is possible only in the way of the combination of support from the state with realization by every nation of its own specificity and singularity.

LT

Analizuojama tautinė tapatybė globalizacijos sąlygomis. Globalizacijos procesas savaime sukelia didžiulių valstybės ir tautinio tapatumo pokyčių, tad tapatumo ribos tampa vis lankstesnės. Straipsnio autorių manymu, tokia situacija gali inspiruoti tautinio tapatumo renesansą. Tačiau tai įmanoma tik puoselėjant nacionalinės valstybės unikalumą ir savitumą.

13

Porównanie pozycji ustrojowej prezydenta Federacji Rosyjskiej i Republiki Białoruś

63%

Kużelewska E.

Studia Politologiczne

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2014

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vol. 33

419-443

PL

Federacja Rosyjska i Republika Białoruś to państwa, w których pozycja konstytucyjna prezydenta jest niezwykle silna. Konstytucja Federacji Rosyjskiej z 1993 r. i konstytucja Białorusi z 1994 r. umieściły prezydenta bardzo wysoko w hierarchii władzy państwowej. Posiada on uprawnienia władzy wykonawczej, a także rozległe prerogatywy dotyczące polityki wewnętrznej, jak i zagranicznej. Celem artykułu jest zbadanie i porównanie konstytucyjno-prawnej pozycji prezydenta w systemie politycznym Rosji i Białorusi. W obu państwach mamy do czynienia w zasadzie z republiką prezydencką. Interesujące może być porównanie formalnej siły prezydenta w analizowanych państwach.

EN

The Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus are examples of the states where the constitutional position of the president is very strong. The Constitution of the Russian Federation (1993) and the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus (1994) placed the position of the president very high in the hierarchy of the state power. The president exercises the executive powers and has the vast prerogatives regarding domestic and foreign policy. The aim of this article is to examine and compare the constitutional and legal position of the president in political system of Russia and Belarus. Comparing the formal force of the president in analysed countries should result in interesting conclusions.

14

Prawnomiędzynarodowe mechanizmy oddziaływania Unii Europejskiej na politykę wewnętrzną i zewnętrzną Republiki Białorusi

63%

Łopatto J.

Acta Iuris Stetinensis

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2013

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issue 4

86-102

PL

W artykule podjęto próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie o zdolność Brukseli do wprowadzenia pozytywnych zmian w relacjach z Republiką Białorusi. Czy mechanizmy polityki zagranicznej Unii Europejskiej mogą być w tym zakresie bardziej efektywne? Czy Wspólnota, która nie akceptuje sposobu, w jaki Republika Białorusi prowadzi politykę wewnętrzną i zagraniczną, jest w stanie podjąć dialog z państwem rządzonym przez Łukaszenkę? UE w relacjach z białoruską administracją stosuje różne środki o charakterze prawnym i pozaprawnym, takie jak umowy czy negocjacje. Obie strony mają pewne interesy w rozwijaniu współpracy, mimo to skomplikowana historia ich wzajemnych kontaków utwierdza obserwatorów w przekonaniu, iż osiągnięcie normalizacji i stabilizacji stosunków Brukseli i Mińska pozostaje niemożliwe. Głównym dokumentem regulującym relacje pomiędzy Unią a Republiką Białoruś jest umowa międzynarodowa zawarta w 1989 r. pomiędzy Wspólnotami Europejskimi a Związkiem Radzieckim. W 1995 r. z inicjatywy UE podpisano nowy dokument – Partnership and cooperation agreement (PCA). Nie wszedł on jednak w życie. Wspólnota starała się także wpływać na białoruską politykę za pomocą środków o charakterze karnym, co związane było z niedemokratycznym charakterem rządów Łukaszenki. Do takich należą różnego rodzaju sankcje międzynarodowe, stosowane przez UE kilkukrotnie.

EN

The main question asked in the article was if Brussels is able to make any positive change in relation with Minsk. Could the mechanisms of The EU’s foreign policy be more effective? Is The Community able to lead the positive dialogue with Lukashenka? Domestic and foreign policy lead by The Republic of Belarus cannot be accept by The EU. Brussels use kinds of legal and non – legal mechanisms (like agreements, negotiations or economic power) to keep on dialogue with Lukashenko’s administration. Both of The EU and The Republic of Belarus have some interests in developing cooperation, but it seems impossible to normalize and stabilize the involvement. One of the biggest problems is that these relationship is based on deprecated agreement, which were signed in 1989 between The European Communities and the USSR. In 1995 there were signed new document - Partnership and cooperation agreement (PCA). The Communities entered into the similar agreements with Russia, Ukraine and some other countries of The Commonwealth of Independent States. Despite the fact the agreement was signed, it had never gone into effect. The EU also uses power solutions to affect The Republic of Belarus. The restrictive measures against Minsk were firstly apply in 1995. It was connected with Lukashena’s non – democratic standards of changing the Belarusian constitution. The sanctions were using some other times, but they mostly brought deterioration in relations between The European Union and The Republic of Belarus.

15

«НОВА СХІДНА ЄВРОПА» В СУСПІЛЬНО-ПОЛІТИЧНОМУ ДИСКУРСІ ФРН (2004–2017 рр.)

63%

Kharlan H.

Міжнародні зв’язки України: наукові пошуки і знахідки

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2018

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issue 27

EN

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the socio-political discourse of the Federal Republic of Germany concerning the countries of the “New Eastern Europe”, which turned out to be beyond the borders of the enlarged European Union in 2004–2017. The term “New Eastern Europe” is used in relation to the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine taking into account the differentiation between the political and geographical understanding of the concept of the “Eastern Partnership”. Taking into account the level of internal democratic transformations and the level of rapprochement to the European Union, Ukraine, Belarus and Moldova are at different stages. Russian hybrid aggression has negative affect on the process of European integration of Ukraine. Territorial problems with Transnistria will also prevent Moldova from the full membership in the European Union in the near future. Instead, Belarus managed to improve political relations with the European Union, and offer Minsk as a place for diplomatic efforts to resolve the Donbas conflict. The conclusions indicate that the events of 2013–2017 have shown the fallacy of the inertial foreign policy strategy of the Federal Republic of Germany in the East European direction, and also demonstrated a lack of fundamental knowledge about the East European region in Germany. No single federal government has been able to develop a clear program of interaction with the Eastern European powers. The European Neighbourhood Policy, and soon the EU’s Eastern Partnership program, supported by the Federal Republic of Germany, included an in-depth dialogue between EU institutions and the countries of the “New Eastern Europe” without guarantees of their membership in the community. This aspect has complicated the adaptation of the “Eastern Partnership” to the current situation created by the Russian hybrid aggression against Ukraine.

16

Parlament Białorusi – kompetencje w obszarze polityki zagranicznej

63%

Staśkiewicz Ł.

Przegląd Europejski

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2019

|

issue 2(52)

141-155

PL

Zgromadzenie Narodowe Republiki Białoruś jako organ władzy ustawodawczej pełni głównie rolę prawodawczą. Jednak obie izby parlamentu uczestniczą również w procesie realizacji polityki zagranicznej. Czynią to poprzez działalność w ramach współpracy wielostronnej lub dwustronnej. Rozpatrują też kwestie legislacyjne związane z umowami międzynarodowymi lub zatwierdzaniem kierunków polityki zagranicznej. Przedstawienie powyższego zagadnienia wymagało analizy konstytucyjnego statusu białoruskiego parlamentu w kontekście stosunków międzynarodowych, a także aktów normatywnych, które regulują polityczne i prawne aspekty działalności w omawianym zakresie. W pracy wykorzystano głównie analizę instytucjonalno-prawną oraz metodę porównawczą. Przeanalizowanie podstaw prawnych działalności białoruskiego parlamentu w ramach polityki zagranicznej pozwoliło na pokazanie aspektów związanych z organizacją tych działań oraz scharakteryzowanie kompetencji, a także ocenienie roli, jaką parlament pełni w tym obszarze. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań pokazały, że pozycja Zgromadzenia Narodowego w polityce zagranicznej, pomimo przysługujących kompetencji, jest niewielka lub nie w pełni wykorzystywana.

EN

The National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus as legislative authority representation mainly plays a legislative role. However, both Chambers of the Belarusian Parliament are also involved in the process of implementing the country foreign policy. They perform it through the activities within the framework of multilateral cooperation or bilateral cooperation. They consider legislative issues related to international agreements or the approval of foreign policy orientations. The presentation of the above issue required an analysis of the Belarusian Parliament constitutional status in the context of international relations, as well as normative acts that regulate the political and legal aspects of activities in the discussed area. Therefore, an institutional and legal analysis, as well as a comparative method were mainly used. The analysis of legal bases of the Belarusian Parliament activities within the framework of foreign policy allowed to present the aspects related to the organisation of these activities, as well as to characterise competence, and to assess the Parliament role within this area. The results of the carried-out studies showed that the position of the National Assembly in foreign policy, despite its entitled competence, is small or not fully exploited.

17

Parlament Białorusi – kompetencje w obszarze polityki zagranicznej

63%

Staśkiewicz Ł.

Przegląd Europejski

|

2019

|

vol. 2019(2)

141-155

PL

The National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus as legislative authority representation mainly plays a legislative role. However, both Chambers of the Belarusian Parliament are also involved in the process of implementing the country foreign policy. They perform it through the activities within the framework of multilateral cooperation or bilateral cooperation. They consider legislative issues related to international agreements or the approval of foreign policy orientations. The presentation of the above issue required an analysis of the Belarusian Parliament constitutional status in the context of international relations, as well as normative acts that regulate the political and legal aspects of activities in the discussed area. Therefore, an institutional and legal analysis, as well as a comparative method were mainly used. The analysis of legal bases of the Belarusian Parliament activities within the framework of foreign policy allowed to present the aspects related to the organisation of these activities, as well as to characterise competence, and to assess the Parliament role within this area. The results of the carried-out studies showed that the position of the National Assembly in foreign policy, despite its entitled competence, is small or not fully exploited.

18

Polityczno-etniczny aspekt kształtowania się wschodnich granic Republiki Białorusi w latach 1918–1924

63%

Boridczenko S.

Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej

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2019

|

vol. 54

|

issue 2

129-149

EN

The article discusses the historical context of Belarusian border problems in 1918–1924. Emphasis is put on the archival source materials describing debates within the communist party, which conditioned changes on the political map of Europe. The subject has been brought up also because the problems of a land exchange between Belarus and Russia in the 1920s are usually presented in Polish historiography in a general way, with disregard to available sources and ethnic factors.

PL

W artykule omówiono historyczny kontekst problemów granicznych Białorusi w latach 1918–1924. Skoncentrowano się głównie na źródłach archiwalnych opisujących debaty wewnątrz partii, które uwarunkowywały zmiany na mapie politycznej. Temat taki podjęto, gdyż w polskojęzycznej literaturze problematyka wymiany ziem między Białorusią a Rosją w latach dwudziestych XX w. została opisana w sposób ogólny, lekceważąc obecnie dostępne źródła i bez uwzględnienia czynników o charakterze etnicznym.

19

Rozwój systemu finansowego w Republice Białorusi

63%

Plewicki A.

Studia Ekonomiczne. Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo, Środowisko

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2021

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issue 1/2021 (7)

52-85

EN

The article describes the financial system of the Republic of Belarus in the course of its gradual development from the very beginning of its existence. The development is presented in the context of changes taking place throughout this period, aimed slowly but surely at the transformation of a centrally controlled economy into a market economy. The article discusses the changes in the financial system made in this direction and the changes still required for such a transformation. The functioning of the financial system as a result of the changes made was presented, as well as the assessment of financial system stability by international financial institutions.

PL

Artykuł zawiera opis systemu finansowego Republiki Białorusi w trakcie jego stopniowego rozwoju od początku istnienia tego państwa. Rozwój przedstawiony jest w kontekście przemian zachodzących przez cały ten okres, zmierzających powoli, ale jednak stanowczo do transformacji gospodarki sterowanej centralnie w gospodarkę rynkową. W artykule omówione zostały przemiany systemu finansowego dokonane w tym kierunku oraz przemiany nadal wymagane przy takiej transformacji. Przedstawione zostało funkcjonowanie systemu finansowego w wyniku dokonanych przemian oraz ocena stabilności systemu finansowego dokonywana przez międzynarodowe instytucje finansowe.

20

National Military Education System in the Republic of Belarus

63%

Kozioł A.

Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka

|

2019

|

issue 3

197-210

EN

Qualified personnel of the armed forces is undoubtedly one of the most important elements of state security. Although from the Polish authorities’ point of view cooperation with Western partners remains the key, observation of the latest trends in this field should cover the largest possible number of countries. Therefore, the author drew attention to the system of military education in the Republic of Belarus, which is relatively poorly reflected in Polish literature. The article characterizes the modern education model, indicates its development directions and highlights the greatest needs. The cooperation with the Russian Federation was also analyzed. The study was based on a system method supported by content and quantitative analysis.

PL

Wykwalifikowany personel sił zbrojnych stanowi niewątpliwie jeden z istotniejszych elementów bezpieczeństwa państwa. Jakkolwiek z punktu widzenia polskich władz kluczowa pozostaje współpraca z partnerami zachodnimi, obserwacja najnowszych trendów w tej dziedzinie powinna obejmować możliwie największą liczbę państw. Dlatego też autorka zwróciła uwagę na stosunkowo słabo opracowany w polskiej literaturze system kształcenia wojskowego w Republice Białorusi. W artykule scharakteryzowano współczesny model edukacji, wskazano na kierunki jego rozwoju oraz uwypuklono największe potrzeby. Analizie poddano także współpracę z Federacją Rosyjską. W badaniu zastosowano metodę systemową wspartą analizą treści i analizą ilościową

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