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EN
The article deals with problems of linguistic stereo typification of ethno cultural space. In author’s opinion identity of lingvo culture is depended on the specific system of interconnections of subject and linguistic meanings, verbal stereotypes and lingvo cognitive systems which is the base of world vision and world perception of each people. The linguistic stereotypes as subjective determine representations (a) reproduce objective and estimative attributes of named object or phenomenon, which is distinguished by the result of interpretation of reality in the space ethno relevant cognitive models, (b) stipulate the character and the content of connotative meanings of ward, (c) create the peculiar ethno semantic aura of language and ethno linguistic mind as the result of representation the stereotypical perception of the world in the language in correspondence with defined value and semantic coordinates of one or another lingvo culture.
EN
In the article is taken notice of precedential phenomenas of culture seen through intertextual process. The author thinks, that you can understand phenomena of culture similar to texts. On the basis of Russian and Polish contemporary publicistic texts, you can follow how phenomenas of culture chosen by the author function (Don Kichot, Calvary, Napoleon).
EN
The subject of this article is the formation of strictly Polish concept, designated by Russianborrowing matrioshka.
EN
In this article the author shares views on two Russian philosophers of the first half of the twentieth century dealing with occult philosophy.
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The Russian Cinema of the DissolutionThe paper takes the issue of Russian reckoning cinema after 1989. This current can be defined as comprising the films which try to lay the foundations of a new narrative about the Soviet Union (alternative to the dominant narrative). The authors reflect on the specificity of the filmmakers’ critical attitude towards the previous system. The story of the break-up of the Soviet Union turns to be a story of the great catastrophe – the tragedy of the whole society, abandoned by hypocritical intelligentsia and deceived by political elites. Rosyjskie kino rozpaduTekst podejmuje problematykę rosyjskiego kina rozliczeniowego po 1989 roku – słabo widocznego nurtu próbującego stworzyć zręby nowej narracji o Związku Radzieckim, która mogłaby stanowić alternatywę wobec narracji dominującej. Stanowi próbę namysłu nad specyfiką krytyki poprzedniego systemu przeprowadzaną przez twórców tego nurtu. Opowieść o rozpadzie Związku Radzieckiego okazuje się tu opowieścią o wielkiej katastrofie – tragedii całego społeczeństwa, opuszczonego przez obłudną inteligencję i oszukanego przez elity polityczne.
EN
Musical Lexis in Russian-Polish Lexicography: Present State and Users’ NeedsIn order to meet the expectations of receivers, who come across vocabulary from various areas in their everyday life, general bilingual dictionaries include lexis from many different fields. This article analyses one such group in Russian-Polish lexicography: musical lexis. The analysis offered here considers translation pairs extracted from two most comprehensive Russian-Polish dictionaries. The study categorises musical lexis into semantic classes and verifies the accuracy, semantic relevance and currency of provided equivalents. The aim was to establish whether general bilingual lexicography meets the needs of users looking for equivalents in this lexical area. Basing on selected material, the article also compares the structure of entries in each dictionary and considers cultural background of musical lexis in the context of Russian culture. To illustrate the issues in focus, the study comments on a number of examples and proposes some solutions to problematic cases.Leksyka muzyczna w rosyjsko-polskiej leksykografii. Stan obecny versus potrzeby użytkownikówDwujęzyczne słowniki ogólne obejmują leksykę z wielu dziedzin, wychodząc naprzeciw oczekiwaniom odbiorców, którzy w życiu codziennym stykają się ze zróżnicowanym tematycznie słownictwem. Jedną z takich dziedzin jest muzyka. Związana z nią leksyka zarejestrowana w rosyjsko-polskiej leksykografii jest obiektem naszych badań. Analiza opiera się na parach przekładowych wyekscerpowanych z dwóch najobszerniejszych słowników rosyjsko-polskich. W pracy dokonano podziału leksyki muzycznej na klasy semantyczne. Poddano weryfikacji trafność ekwiwalentów przekładowych, ich zgodność semantyczną oraz stopień aktualności terminów, zawarty w słownikach. Działania te miały na celu sprawdzenie, na ile dwujęzyczna leksykografia ogólna odpowiada potrzebom użytkowników w zakresie dostępności odpowiedników dla tego typu leksyki. Bazując na wybranym materiale, dokonano porównania budowy artykułu hasłowego w obu słownikach. Zwrócono uwagę na podłoże kulturowe leksyki muzycznej w kontekście kultury rosyjskiej. Ilustracją dla omawianych treści są liczne przykłady wraz z komentarzami oraz, niekiedy, propozycje rozwiązań kwestii problemowych.
EN
The present article amounts to an attempt to analyze the Byzantine tradition in the work Byzantinism and the Slavs by Konstantin Leontiev. The thinker finds the heritage of Eastern Christianity an immanent part of the Russian national identity. Moreover, the philosopher defines Byzantinism as a type of culture with centralized power in the hands of the Romanovs. Consequently, Leontiev depicts particular stages of the evolution of this power model in Russia. The author of the paper concludes that the thinker’s considerations are centered on the emphasis on the role of monarchy in contemporary Russia rather than on its Byzantine roots.  
PL
The present article amounts to an attempt to analyze the Byzantine tradition in the work Byzantinism and the Slavs by Konstantin Leontiev. The thinker finds the heritage of Eastern Christianity an immanent part of the Russian national identity. Moreover, the philosopher defines Byzantinism as a type of culture with centralized power in the hands of the Romanovs. Consequently, Leontiev depicts particular stages of the evolution of this power model in Russia. The author of the paper concludes that the thinker’s considerations are centered on the emphasis on the role of monarchy in contemporary Russia rather than on its Byzantine roots.  
EN
The article is an attempt to answer the question whether there is a cultural specificity of humour not in form and content, but in the context of pragmatics. Discussing humour from the point of view of its orientation to the addressee, we can distinguish three main options described by the Russian philosopher V. S. Solovyov in connection with humour, these are relations to the highest, to the equal, and to the lowest. Considering that such a simplified scheme exhausts all possible vectors of constructing a message according to the method of interpretation of the addressee (as higher, as lower, as equal), such a seemingly simple classification, however, determines not only the narrative position, but also the content and form of the message, as well as sets other restrictions. The scheme of relations (vectors) rooted in culture and reproduced by it determines not only how a humorous message is constructed, but also in many respects the readiness of the addressee for an adequate reaction in the form of laughter, and whether the author of the humorous message expects this reaction. Thus, one of the tasks of the article is an attempt to explain the specifics of the (unsuccessful) humorous interaction between the carriers of subjects and objects of power. Russian culture is the focus of the article, which is based on Russian sources.
EN
In this article, the author, addressing different aspects of Russian culture, tries to understand how the institutions of power can function in the Russian provinces, and how they can be perceived by society. Power is distributed unevenly, which results in its deficit. From the author’s point of view, modern practices may have an important cultural basis, involving a special relation to the province, which has traditionally been reflected in political discourse. The author believes that in the Russian provinces, there is an objective power deficit in institutions, which speaks, on the one hand, of a certain disregard for the province, and, on the other hand, testifies to the strength of the resistance to local initiatives and the legal nihilism that has become part of the philosophy of the Russian provincial. This in turn affects a fairly critical attitude towards the political power. A person is no longer capable of trusting the authorities and seeking support from them. The policy of the federal government in modern Russia gives rise to serious gaps between the center and the provinces, which can lead to a specific perception of power itself, and also lead to the formation of anarchic attitudes.  
RU
In this article, the author, addressing different aspects of Russian culture, tries to understand how the institutions of power can function in the Russian provinces, and how they can be perceived by society. Power is distributed unevenly, which results in its deficit. From the author’s point of view, modern practices may have an important cultural basis, involving a special relation to the province, which has traditionally been reflected in political discourse. The author believes that in the Russian provinces, there is an objective power deficit in institutions, which speaks, on the one hand, of a certain disregard for the province, and, on the other hand, testifies to the strength of the resistance to local initiatives and the legal nihilism that has become part of the philosophy of the Russian provincial. This in turn affects a fairly critical attitude towards the political power. A person is no longer capable of trusting the authorities and seeking support from them. The policy of the federal government in modern Russia gives rise to serious gaps between the center and the provinces, which can lead to a specific perception of power itself, and also lead to the formation of anarchic attitudes.
EN
Ethno-cultural stereotypes are the result of comparing one´s own culture, customs, traditions with that of strangers, identifying and fixing differences between the cultures of ethnic groups. Stereotypical images of different peoples exist even in the minds of those people who had no experience in communication with representatives of these ethnic groups. However, the results of the study of ethnic stereotypes of people who are in direct contact with this ethnic group and see it up close in comparison to people who evaluate it from a distance, often raises more questions than gives clear answers. The solution of these questions raises before the researcher a whole complex of methodological problems. The article will introduce a new methodological approach to reveal ethno-cultural stereotypes in the text culture and in our contemporaries’ common sense perception. To distinguish between people’s individual perception of a particular ethnos and collective stereotypes, the following qualitative and quantitative criteria are suggested: 1) bipolar orthonormal core axes of parameter distribution; 2) the significance of the axis; 3) the degree of consistency of parameters distributed on the axis; 4) the weighting coefficient of testee’s reaction.
RU
The principal items of B.F. Egorov book are described in the article Deception in the Russian culture (2012). It is marked that the scientist considered deception on the basis of the enormous material - historical (from antiquity to the soviet epoch inclusively) and modern (from alteration to our days), attracted for com-parison facts, inherent not only to Russian but also to other national cultures (from east mythology and Homer to the modern American culture). Attention is paid to the offered by the scientists classification of deceptions, where the the-matic principle is the basis (socio-political, economical, psychological, domestic, soldiery, geographical, medical deceptions, as well as deceptions in area of reli-gion, in science, in literature and art; deceptions are specially distinguished with a sign plus), meaningfulness of research is underlined by the scientist of such covinous forms, as silences, mystifications, imitations and plagiarism, as also the actuality of problem of intercommunications of deception and game.
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Content available remote

The Specificity of Negotiations with a Russian Partner

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PL
Cultural differences impede the process of communication and negotiation. When negotiators come from different cultural backgrounds, the risk, that there is no agreement exists, increases manifold. Negotiations with the Russians are the art of becoming friends. All preconceptions that may over-emphasize the fear of starting a relationship with a Russian partner disappear after first successful negotiations, because Russia has an incredible power of attraction that cannot be explained.Full text: http://bazhum.muzhp.pl/czasopismo/589/?idno=14762
EN
This article investigates the problem of the comparative analysis of the non-verbal means thatboth Bulgarian and Russian native speakers use in business communication in the sphere of international tourism ("server" - customer intercourse). The problem has not been solved to the fulland requires careful, serious and detailed study. It’s the first time such an analysis has been carriedout by the author. The study aimed at finding the differences and similarities between Russian and Bulgarian non-verbal means of communication for educational purposes. The analysis gives grounds for selective and gradual introduction of non-verbal communication techniques into classactivities.
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Kulturologické komponenty ve výuce ruštině

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EN
The article is devoted to formation the cultural and transcultural competence in the process of teaching and learning Russian language by Czech pupils. In the paper the author studies the formation and development of cultural knowledge of Russian Culture, Literature and History in teaching Russian language to our pupils and students. Russian Culture, History and Literature have always aroused a great interest all over the world. Consideration of cultural dominants, complying with diversity and teaching in circumstances of the cultural dialogue arrange an atmosphere of common understanding, which is necessary for studying and teaching Russian as a foreign language.
RU
Современная критика предпринимает новые методы для создания привлекательных и широко читаемых текстов. Автор настоящей статьи пытается выявить инновационные тенденции в русскоязычных литературно-критических текстах, публикуемых в престижных журналах. Русские литературные журналы обычно считаются высшим интеллектуальным показателем русской культуры. Тем не менее, последние тексты, опубликованные в литературных журналах, подразумевают агрессию, инвективы и различные лингвистические элементы, характерные для непрофессионального критического дискурса. Поэтому возникла необходимость проанализировать новые идеи, изменяющие традиционную литературную критику в литературных журналах.
EN
Modern contemporary criticism undertakes new methods to create attractive and widely readable texts. The author of the hereby article attempts to identify innovative trends in Russian literary criticism texts published in prestigious magazines. Russian literary magazines are commonly regarded as the highest intellectual indicator of Russian culture. Nevertheless, recent texts published in literary magazines imply aggression, invectives and various linguistic elements typical for unprofessional critical discourse. Therefore, there appeared the need to analyse new ideas altering traditional literary criticism in literary magazines.
EN
The aim of this text is to review the issue of one of the most dominant themes of 19th-century Russian literature — mental illness, and avery special way of depicting it in short literary pieces. As one can see, the perception of mental illness at that time was strongly related to distortion of senses, both visual and auditory, seen as illusions, delusions and halucinations. A. Pushkin, N. Gogol, F. Dostoevsky, V. Odoevsky, L. Tolstoy and A. Chekhov dealt with this issue in their novellas and short stories, underlining great idealistic, worldview, anthropological and political problems.
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PL
Celem artykułu jest poszerzenie rozważań na temat wieloaspektowych podziałów na Ukrainie. Autorka zwraca uwagę, że eksperci problematyki zadają pytania, co oznacza „wschód” i „zachód” Ukrainy? Odwołuje się również do podziałów etnicznych, językowych i kulturowych, w końcu traktuje o podziałach politycznych na Ukrainie. Wskazuje także, że podziały w społeczeństwie ukraińskim dotyczą wzajemnego postrzegania się narodów ukraińskiego i rosyjskiego. W końcowych fragmentach rozważań konstatuje, że jedne podziały pogłębiają drugie, czyniąc polaryzację Ukrainy poważnym problemem. Analizując wieloaspektowe podziały, dochodzi do wniosku, że bez desowietyzacji, państwo „nie wybije” się z autorytarnej drogi rozwoju i nie dokona skutecznej modernizacji.
EN
The aim of the article is to broaden the discussion on the multi-faceted divisions in Ukraine. Experts of Ukrainian problems are asking, what means „east” and „west” of Ukraine? Author refers to the division of ethnic, linguistic and cultural, in the end is about political divisions in Ukraine. It also indicates that the divisions in Ukrainian society deal with the mutual perception of the Ukrainian and Russian nations. In the final passages concludes that some of the other divisions deepen, making the polarization of Ukraine a serious problem. Analyzing multi-faceted divisions, it concludes that without de-Sovietizing, state „no strikes” with the authoritarian ways of development and make effective modernization.
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