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Национальное сознание – идея Сбережения Народа в публицистике Александра Солженицына

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Jawdosiuk-Małek A.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2013

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issue 4(26)

533-542

EN

In his publicism of the 90’s, especially in „Russia in the collapse”, Alexander Solzhenitsyn continues the discourse on the Russian idea, which was started back in the nineteenth century by Peter Chaadaev. This proves that Solzhenitsyn is a continuator of the great Russian literature. Solzenitsyn’s Russian Idea, which is the idea of the Nation Salvation (идея Сбережения Народа), is based on Orthodox ethics and belief. The idea of Salvation of the Nation is not a philosophical treatise, but the social and national program intended to reconstruct the nation identity after communist disaster in the twentieth century. First of all the program assumes to preserve memory of the culture, language, traditions and most importantly, the faith – Orthodoxy, which is the core of Russian national identity. The second important aspect is to build national unity; in the opinion of the writer nation remains divided, atomized, the Russians do not feel belonging to a community, have no responsibility for history. Thirdly, the author of „Russia’s collapse,” sees the need for transformation, reconstruction of national identity, what he calls „moral revolution”. The nation who believes in God, united by respect for common, centuries‑old tradition, aware of their culture, traditions, using pure language, not divided to the center and province, active, self‑governing, rejecting top‑down control – this is the Solzhenitsyn ideal. The writer not only believed in it – he lived in this way.

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„Польские” страницы романа Людмилы Улицкой Даниэль Штайн, переводчик

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Niefagina H.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

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2010

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vol. Tom 1 Nr XV

133-141

EN

The author of the article analyses “Polish” pages of Daniel Stein, the translator, one of themost disputable novels written by Ulitskaya. Complicated life of frontier (eastern and western) Polish lands shown through life stories of the characters is dealt with. The subjective images ofPoland which appear in consciousness of the heroes are of the utmost importance for understandingthe ideology of the novel. In general the image of Poland in L.Ulitskaya’s novel is connectedwith semantics of losses, and the break of characters’ real connections with their homeland can beunderstood as the evidence of trouble, disintegration of integrity.

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Изобразительность - „второй язык” словесности

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Stepanyan-Rumiantseva E.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

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2010

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vol. Tom 1 Nr XV

177-188

EN

This article covers methods of ekfrasis in literature. Author exposes the meaning of elements of visual art like light, colour, perspective etc. in verbal arts. Elena Stepanian-Rumyantseva talks about psychological and moral motivation explaining the using of different functions of visuality in literature.

4

Iwona Anna Ndiaye, Hipertrofia tęsknoty za utraconym domem w poezji emigrantów rosyjskich „ pierwszej fali”, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego, Olsztyn 2008, ss. 320.

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Ojcewicz G.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

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2010

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vol. Tom 1 Nr XV

287-290

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Teatralna „moda na Rosję”. Współczesna dramaturgia rosyjska na scenach polskich (po roku 1989)

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Semczuk M.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

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2008

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vol. Tom 1 Nr XIII

169-180

EN

Since the political tranformations in Poland in 1989, theatre has been the only area, not affectedby the hostile attitude towards Russian culture.Initially, that is the years 1989-1995, the changes made Russian literature disappear from thePolish artistic marked completely. Only the second half of the last 20th century decade balance to it.The slighttest fluctuactions have been noticed at the theatre, where Russian art is the second mostpopular after Polish.In the beginning of 21th century the new Russian literature and the new Russian drama are verypopular in Poland.

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„Балтийский регион”, № 3(5), Калининград 2010.

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Rudziewicz I.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

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2010

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vol. Tom 1 Nr XV

291-293

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„Польский аромат” в прозе Н. С. Лескова

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Neminuszczij A.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

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2006

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vol. Tom 1 Nr XI

49-55

EN

The present article regards the specificity of the realization of the Polish theme in N. Leskov’s prose. This element of the Russian writer’s artistic world is represented in his writing of the 1860s-1880s. N. Leskov had a personal experience of Poland which he visited at the beginning of the 1860s. Most vividly Polish thematics is represented in the novel Nowhere (1864), as well as in the stories and articles of his last years: Russian Democrat in Poland (1880), Interesting Men (1885), etc.The realization of the Polish motif in N. Leskov’s prose is, on the one hand, traditional for Russian literature, depicting international phenomena and topos of different cultures as „other” which are seldom perceived as foreign and hostile. The individuality of N. Leskov is manifested in the fact that his version of depicting Poland and Polish is opposed to the official state imperial position according to which Poland was regarded as a permanent source of danger. This stereotype is destroyed in N. Leskov’s prose.

8

Mikhail Murav’ev, a poet and tutor of virtue

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Drozdek A.

IDEA. Studia nad strukturą i rozwojem pojęć filozoficznych

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2014

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vol. 26

291-302

EN

Murav’ev was a poet of moderate importance for the eighteenth century Russian literature. He was also a tutor of Catherine II’s grandsons, Alexander and Constantine. In this capacity, he prepared numerous handouts to teach Russian history, politics, science, and ethics. Murav’ev stressed the preeminence of virtue in everyone’s life. The voice of the heart should be the guide in resolving moral problems. This voice is the gift of God and as such it can be usually trusted. Thus, morality is based on theology. Murav’ev’s theology presents a grand vision of providential God who appears to be viewed from the unitarian perspective.

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Об эволюции образа праведника в творчестве Николая Лескова и Ивана Шмелева

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Trojanowska B.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

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2007

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vol. Tom 1 Nr XII

49-60

EN

The article discusses the conception of pravednik (the pious one) in the literary output of two Russian writers - Nicolay Leskov (1831-1895) and Ivan Shmelev (1873-1950). It is an attempt at presenting literary characters of „righteous men” reflected in the literary practice of the above-mentioned writers which takes into account the following categories: social background, occupation, appearance, clothes, life style, and moral and religious outlook. Based on the chosen literary examples, the author comes to a conclusion that the type of the pious character in which she is interested shares a lot of common features in the literary output of both Leskov and Shmelev. Apart from this, it is characterized by the dynamics of created heroes. At first, the evolution of the characters was affected by social and historical conditions, and later by religious and spiritual ones.

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Платоновские традиции в творчестве Сергея Залыгина последних лет

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Rudziewicz I.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

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2008

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vol. Tom 1 Nr XIII

133-143

EN

In the article an attempt was made to present Sergey Zalygin’s attitude to Platonov’s literally output. On the basis of a comparative analysis of both writers’ selected works, relationships, form soft effect and particular element soft the influence of Platonov’s poetica on Zalygin’s output wereshow. Special attention was paid to fantasy and fairylike aspects manifesting themselves under theinfluence of tradition on the part of the Russian classic.

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Mors voluntaria i literatura rosyjska. Samobójstwo jako akt twórczy, społeczny i polityczny

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NDiaye I. A.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

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2015

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issue 20

91-102

EN

Suicide is, for centuries, a subject of particular interest in various fields, including philosophy, psychology and sociology. The author of this paper takes the “suicide and literature”, in order to examine selected examples of Russian literature. The analysis has highlighted the importance of a variety of typological models of suicides in literary works, as well as the determinants of suicidal behavior of Russian writers. Taken considerations include the spiritual, creative, social and socio- political aspects.

12

Bajki o krytyce. Andriej Nemzer − „król” współczesnej krytyki literackiej w Rosji

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Karwacka M.

Acta Neophilologica

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2016

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issue 18/2

203-211

EN

This paper attempts to present and analyze Andrei Nemzer’s literary criticism which in his opinion is an a priori stance on Russian modern literature and criticism. The author examines Nemzer’s critical discourse in order to reveal his unjustified pride and confidence in the area of literary criticism. The paper presents opinions of other Russian modern critics whose activity is aimed at improving the condition of the domestic literature rather than depreciating it as Nemzer does. The analysis of Nemzer’s texts proves that his criticism within the last decades has gone into the direction of a negative critique of Russian modern literature and thus discouraging young talented writers in Russia.

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«НИКТО НЕ ЗНАЕТ НАСТОЯЩЕЙ ПРАВДЫ» (ПЕРЕОСМЫСЛЕНИЕ ОБРАЗА УЧИТЕЛЯ-НАСТАВНИКА В ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯХ АНТОНА ЧЕХОВА)

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Францова Н.

Conversatoria Litteraria

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2017

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vol. 11

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issue XI

485-494

RU

The article is devoted to the ideals in the life and work of Anton Chekhov. In his works the Russian writer destroys the image of the elder, the teacher who knows the truth and can explain the meaning of life. He believed that every person can get rid from the "case" ideas of others and gain absolute freedom.

14

Wizerunek Polki w twórczości Mariny Cwietajewej

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Mazurek H.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

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2009

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vol. Tom 1 Nr XIV

137-146

EN

Cvetaeva was always intrugued with her Polish roots. She had no chance of meeting her mother’s moher so she used her poetic imagination to create her grandmother’s portrait in her poetry. Personal characteristics such as: extraordinary beauty, pride, self-restraint rebellious facial expression or secret of life are fund in Polish female characters in Her works (e.g. princess Izabela Czartoryska, Marina Mnishek). Mnishek is the most complex and controversial personality. Out of contrariness so typical of Cvetaeva, while creating the Mnishek’s image the poetess focused on positive characteristics and opposed stereotypes connected with this character, which always characterised artistic expression of the poetess. Another feature of her poetry was identification with her female characters and creation of imaginary, usually ideal life attitudes.

15

Некоторые социальные и культурные корни платоновской антиутопии

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Biełousowa W.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

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2008

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vol. Tom 1 Nr XIII

299-306

EN

The author of this article analyses the socio-cultural basis which shows the unique of an artistic world in the novel Tchevengur written by A. Platonov. The splitting of „un-fortunate personality”, Utopian dreams, barbarisation of culture, chaos, eschatology of the way of thinking, as well as emotions and feelings; all of these are reflected to a considerable degree on the pages of the analysed piece of work. „Double-belief” of the Russian mockery culture, Slavonic mythology, polemic about N. Fiodorov’s ideas, a dialogue with Rosanov’s philosophy of gender characterizes this literary work which is regarded as a significant monument of the epoch’s awareness.

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Польский национальный мир в интерпретации Г. Гачева: спорное и стереотипное

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Nefagina G.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

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2009

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vol. Tom 1 Nr XIV

147-158

EN

G. Gachev’s book Russia’s neighbours Poland, Lithuania, Estonia continues the author’s reflections on peculiarities of the national world of different peoples. The basic concepts in the system of G. Gachev’s national world are Cosmos, Psyche, Logos. Important coordinates – Space and Time, Gonia (created by Nature, genesis) and Urgia (created by Labour), male and female origins, vertical and horizontal, the hierarchy of four elements. The researcher reconstructs the national world of Poland substantiating on these universal categories. First of all he introduces the concepts „polskost” and „polstvo”. The first one belongs to spiritual sphere, the second is the unity of material and corporal.

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Драматургия движения „Новая драма” и кризис идентичности: социокультурный и литературоведческий аспект

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Bolotyan I.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

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2009

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vol. Tom 1 Nr XIV

25-35

EN

„New Drama” is the name of a theatrical-dramatic movement born in Russia in the end of XX beginning of XXI century. It brings together many authors, directors and actors. The article describes principal representations of the reality appearing in the contemporary Russian dramaturgy: the category of violence and the dramatic „image of the identity crisis”. Representations of four types of identification are discussed: essential, social, cultural and spiritual - which are the basis of the first typology of the New Drama’s conflict situations, characters and plots.

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Chrześcijańskie przesłanie prozy Władimira Maksimowa

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Siemianowska I.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

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2009

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vol. Tom 1 Nr XIV

253-263

EN

The aim of this article is to attempt to prove that the prose of one of the most distinguished representatives of „the third wave” of Russian emigration, Vladimir Maksimov, is based on Christian philosophy. Christian philosophy is a philosophy of love. Maksimov’s characters on their way towards God and faith are almost usually led there by the selfless love of their fellow creatures. The main message of the writer’s works is the Christian concept according to which God exists in every human being. Therefore, Maksimov’s novels contain numerous examples of goodness and human mercy, thanks to which the characters discover a divine element in themselves, and then their lives gain a new, deeper dimension. The regaining of faith in another human being is, according to Vladimir Maksimov, the first step to the regaining of faith in God. The author of Seven Days of Creation saw the hope of overcoming the sin of totalitarianism in the return of the Russian nation to faith. In the writer’s understanding, totalitarianism was evil, because it denied the existence of God and destroyed the individual by depriving it of the possibility to relate to the Transcendence. Numerous biblical references confirm the Christian concept of the world and humanity in Maksimov’s works. The key to the understanding of Maksimov’s prose lies in the teachings of Christ, the deep sense of which has been enclosed in the mystery of the Resurrection.

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Модальные экспликаторы „мысли семейной” в романе Л.Н. Толстого Анна Каренина (на примере образа Анны Карениной)

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Vaulina S., Ostroverkhaia I.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

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2010

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vol. Tom 1 Nr XV

167-176

EN

Based on L.N. Tolstoy’s novel Anna Karenina, through the plane of content of the novel’s main heroine Anna Karenina’s valuable notions, the article considers the role of the situational modality meanings as the axiological categories, revealing valuable guideline points and beliefs of the writer, i.e. realizing the author’s modality.

20

Диалог культур и идей в прозе Ивана Рукавишникова

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Szymonik D., Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny W. H.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Rossica

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2014

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vol. 07

EN

The article deals with the problems of dialogue of cultures and ideas in prose pieces by Ivan Rukavishnikov (1877–1930), a Russian poet of the Silver Age, writer, cultural activist and translator. Rukavishnikov’s works are characterized by ideological and aesthetic tendencies typical of the Russian culture at the turn of the 20th century. In contemporary research parallels have been drawn between the prose of Rukavishnikov and that of Fyodor Dostoyevski, Fyodor Sologub, Valery Bryusov, Andrei Bely, Mikhail Albov and Vladimir Nabokov, among others. Rukavishnikov’s early verse is marked by the motifs of death, illness and loneliness. The majority of Rukavishnikov’s poems describe the poet’s feelings and emotions through images of weakness, disappointment, sorrow, suffering, fatigue and weariness, typical of the ‘lost generation’ poets. The same motifs are characteristic of his prose. The autobiographical persona from the lyrical poetry has a correspondent in the novel “The Damned Family” – the autobiographical figure of Viktor Makarovich, an artist and a typical individualist, focused on his personal feelings. As the author’s “porte parole”, Makarovich discusses art topics with other characters in the novel, and sometimes with himself. These artistic and intellectual discussions reflect the essence of actual Silver Age literary polemics. In the article the author also analyzes Rukavishnikov’s interest in Hindu ideas and culture, expressing the human longing for truth and perfection (manifest in the second part of the collection “The Close and the Distant”). By referring to the ancient philosophy the writer raises universal and timeless questions. These questions do not belong only to the spiritual and physical world of Rukavishnikov as a representative of the Russian Silver Age, but remain topical nowadays as well.

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Национальное сознание – идея Сбережения Народа в публицистике Александра Солженицына

„Польские” страницы романа Людмилы Улицкой Даниэль Штайн, переводчик

Изобразительность - „второй язык” словесности

Iwona Anna Ndiaye, Hipertrofia tęsknoty za utraconym domem w poezji emigrantów rosyjskich „ pierwszej fali”, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego, Olsztyn 2008, ss. 320.

Teatralna „moda na Rosję”. Współczesna dramaturgia rosyjska na scenach polskich (po roku 1989)

„Балтийский регион”, № 3(5), Калининград 2010.

„Польский аромат” в прозе Н. С. Лескова

Mikhail Murav’ev, a poet and tutor of virtue