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Soviet Schooling as Reforming Force in shtetls of Soviet Belarus in the Interwar Period / Andriej Zamojski

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Zamojski A.

Rozprawy z Dziejów Oświaty

2011

vol. 48

155-171

The article highlights the evolution of Soviet schooling in small towns of Belarus during the interwar period. After the Bolsheviks gained their power these multiethnic settlements with strong Jewish communities experienced the great changes. Reforms of schooling affected greatly the life of shtetls as well. The Soviet schools were widely used by the authorities as an instrument to undermine the traditional life of all small town communities and to enforce Soviet-style modernization. The Bolsheviks’ propaganda accused all supporters of religious education and attacked the teachers. Destructing all traditional religious schools of shtetl Jews (heders and others) the regime gave their children only one possibility – to attend the Soviet schools. In the period of the 1920s, the Soviet state supported the development of the national minorities’ school network (Yiddish, Polish and others). However, in the 1930s the situation was changing. In 1937 Yiddish, Polish and others schools were eliminated in spite of the will of many pupils and their parents. It was related to the zigzags of the Soviet national policy, within a massive introduction of the Russian language into all fields as well as schooling. The article is based on archival data from Belarusian, Russian and Polish archives, published data of Soviet and Party authorities and recollections of former small town residents.

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1 Rozprawy z Dziejów Oświaty

1 Zamojski A.

1 2011

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Soviet Schooling as Reforming Force in shtetls of Soviet Belarus in the Interwar Period / Andriej Zamojski