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EN
Way of life of Slovaks in the Low Land was and remains a continually evolving socio-cultural system which is very vividly and naturally responsive to the surrounding environment and circumstances that have been brought about in different historical periods. The important question is not just which elements of their way of life are typically "Slovak" , but rather to what extent and how can the Slovak community maintain ethnic consciousness, mother tongue and communication links with Slovaks during the entire period of the separation. The paper presents characteristics of current Slovak minority in Romania in the context of historical development, and also presents selected aspects of empirical research of the Slovaks living in Romania.
Vojenská história
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2022
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vol. 26
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issue 1
7 - 35
EN
The army belongs to the most important pillars of every state unit. The ruler, having at least seemingly a uniformed homogeneous armed mass behind them, could present their power not only in front of their own people, but also in the context of foreign policy. However, the question remains, whether such an idyllic statement can practically be reached. A similar problem was dealt with by the ruling dynasty of the Central European monarchy, the Habsburgs, who, after taking power in the country on the Danube and under the influence of modernisation and technological progress, professionalised the country’s armed forces, which also included men from the territory of Upper Hungary who spoke the Slovak language and its dialect equivalents. Considering the scope of the issue in question, the study deals with the period from the introduction of supplementary districts at the end of the 18th century until the end of World War 1. with the basic methodological feat being the identification and theoretical definition of “Slovak” units (infantry, cavalry, artillery, and technical units), with an emphasis on the elite infantry units, commonly called “Field Jaeger Corps”.
Vojenská história
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2021
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vol. 25
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issue 4
90 - 118
EN
The role and status of Slovaks in the officer corps of the Czechoslovak Armed Forces in 1918-1939 was a sensitive political issue throughout its existence. Since their representation had never corresponded to the demographic indicators of the country‘s population and their proportion was only increasing very slowly, it was regularly the subject of controversy between the liberally oriented Czechoslovak Slovaks on the one hand and the nationally oriented representatives of the Hlinka Slovak People‘s Party and the Slovak National Party on the other hand. This was despite the fact that the Slovak question was perceived by everyone only as an aspect of Slovakia‘s alignment with the Czech territories in the cultural, political, economic and social areas, and the military question was only partially represented until the end of the 1930s. The press campaigns, despite their abruptness, point to the core of the problem.
Vojenská história
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2022
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vol. 26
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issue 1
79 - 100
EN
In the published study, the author has focused on the issue, the knowledge of which is extremely important for the military history of Slovakia. The author’s choice of the above topic can certainly be welcomed. It is extremely necessary and, to some extent, relevant, especially as residual and stereotypical views of the problem persist to the present day. The author, especially through representative articles from the periodical press, interprets well the complexity of the problem of the small representation of Slovaks in the officer corps of the Czechoslovak Armed Forces in 1918 – 1939. He also rightly points out the linguistic, political, cultural and other moments that influenced the phenomenon. In terms of composition, the study consists of an introduction and eleven documents, which the author has supplemented with notes. The reader thus has the opportunity to get acquainted not only with contemporary Slovak views on the problem but also with their supporters.
EN
From the earliest stages of settlement to the present day, the history of the settlement of Europe is linked to numerous migrations and colonisations. The ethnogenesis of Slovaks and their descendants, who, for various reasons, moved from the territory of the mother state and settled in the world can be traced in time, according to the causes of the eviction and by the place, area or country where they emigrated. Slovaks living abroad, who, for various reasons and causes, found themselves outside the territory of their mother state, are part of the Slovak nation. When researching ethnic minorities, it is necessary to take into account the fact of the intersection of the cultures of the minority community with the majority population, which is ubiquitous among Slovaks living outside the borders of Slovakia. The paper presents a short probe into some aspects of the migration of Slovaks in Hungary (on the example of Slovaks living in the Hungarian village of Mlynky) in the period from the 2nd half of the 20th century to the present day.
Slavica Slovaca
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2020
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vol. 55
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issue 3
499 – 509
EN
The paper focuses on the Slovak-German relations in the specific area of the guild system. This organised structure has been brought to the territory of former Upper Hungary by German guests. The members of guilds were required to follow strict regulations written and confirmed in articles. We present one of the researched parallel slovak-german manuscripts from the State Archive of Banská Bystrica (C-25/6). Its content, the variations of notation based on the chosen examples from the transliteration can show us the view on coexistence of Slovak and nonslavonic ethnicity.
EN
The study focuses on content analysis of structured interviews carried out with Slovaks living in the territory of Spain in order to ascertain the extent of their contact with the mother tongue. The authors offer an overview about the situation of the Slovaks in this territory, present possibilities of forming their associations and approach the situation in which they use their mother tongue, as well as concentrate on the impact of the Spanish on their spoken language.
Vojenská história
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2022
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vol. 26
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issue 2
7 - 32
EN
The Field Jaeger Battalions were an integral part of the Austro-Hungarian Army in the World War 1. The origin of these special units in the Habsburg Army dates back to the mid-18th century. This was caused by the tactical-strategic changes on the battlefield, where not only the quantity, but also the quality of the military units themselves determined the outcome. The Field Jaeger Battalions were formed into elite rifle units of the Habsburg Army over the decades. In the early days, men with experience in the forest terrain who knew how to handle a firearm adequately were drafted into these units. With numerous military and organisational changes in the Habsburg Army, the jaegers became an integral part of the armed forces, whose supplementary districts were located in the territory inhabited by Slovaks. These “Slovak” battalions of field jaegers naturally participated in the formation of the Army, in its successes and defeats, and also influenced the cultural, social, political and architectural character of the garrison town. The aim of the study therefore is, on the basis of contemporary military schematics of the Austrian and later Austro-Hungarian Army, to identify and briefly characterize those Field Jaeger Battalions in charge of the replenishment district or one of the organizational components (warehouse, headquarters) on the territory of North-eastern Hungary until 1914.
EN
The article deals with the development of Czech and Slovak relations in Bratislava during the inter-war period, disrupted by the autonomist radicalisation of Slovak society that resulted in the establishment of the totalitarian regime of the Slovak state. The incorporation of the predominantly German and Hungarian city in the new Czechoslovak Republic in 1918 resulted in mass immigration of Czechs and Slovaks. The mutual relations developed under the difficult conditions of the new state and multi-ethnic city. I focus on the contribution of Czechs at the stage of Bratislava’s transformation into a Czechoslovak city and on its economic and cultural development which brought Slovak citizens to the fore, becoming the most numerous ethnic population group. It is not my ambition to provide an analysis of the entire 20-year period; my intention is to generalise the social consequences of some key events.
EN
By presenting the most recent scholarship on the intense, although not turbulent, relations between Serbia on one side and Czechs and Slovaks on the other, this article aims to show how the unique experience of being on opposite sides during the First World War did not necessarily lead toward creation of animosities and controversies. On the contrary, it not only resulted in support, understanding and cooperation but also led to the creation of new and deepening of existing liaisons in the decades that followed the first global conflict.
Slavica Slovaca
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2023
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vol. 58
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issue 3
484 - 488
EN
The objective of the study is to characterize the Slovak community in the northern Argentine province of Chaco, which was formed between 1923 and 1935 in the town of Saenz Peña and its surroundings. Approximately three-quarters of the Slovak immigrants in Chaco came from Slovak minorities in Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia, and Bulgaria, which were established there during the 18th-19th centuries. The different natural, economic, ethnic, linguistic, and cultural conditions in the Chaco province caused discontinuous trends to become dominant in the ethno-cultural development of the Slovak colonists. Their consequence was the emergence of the Argentinian variety of the Slovak dialect. There was also an economic transition from the family subsistence farming to farming whose production was dictated by the demands of the market.
Slavica Slovaca
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2023
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vol. 58
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issue 3
512 - 521
EN
The paper offers a picture of the value perception of the term “migration”, especially from the point of view of the participants in this process of wandering, transition, exodus, etc. Using the example of memoir narratives and essays published in the anthology “Spomienky pionierov” (“Memories of Pioneers”, edited by I. Stolárik, Toronto, Ont. Canada: Canadian Slovak League, 1978), the axiological image of migration across the Atlantic among Slovaks is analysed from the point of view of their motivation to make this physical move from Europe to overseas in the difficult socio-economic conditions of the late 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. In particular, the paper provides a picture of migration that evokes the need to revitalize the exile’s relationship to homeland, fatherland, and one’s own identity.
Vojenská história
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2024
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vol. 28
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issue 2
159 – 172
EN
The documents submitted vividly illustrate the negative tendencies associated with the activities of Slovak salaried employees who served during World War II and continued serving in the post-war Czechoslovak Army. In the first post-war year, these issues were openly pointed out and severely criticized by the State Secretary of the Ministry of National Defence, General Mikuláš Ferjenčík. As a Slovak, he was actively involved in decision-making concerning the Slovak portion of the Army. Moreover, as a non-partisan individual, he aimed for an objective assessment of the situation. These documents offer a unique period testimony to the character and mentality of the former Slovak defence salaried employees.
Musicologica Slovaca
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2021
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vol. 12 (38)
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issue 2
155 – 253
EN
The employment of ornaments in the traditional singing of Slovaks in Stará Pazova locality (Vojvodina, Serbia) is a rare phenomenon, and not only in terms of traditional song culture from the territory of Slovakia. It is also unusual in comparison with other Slovak localities in Vojvodina, where it scarcely ever occurs at the present time. This article offers a survey of the history of documentation of embellished singing in Stará Pazova, as well as the representation and occurrence of ornaments in the particular musical style layers in this locality’s song repertoire. A basic typology of ornaments is proposed, and three styles of embellished singing are characterised, while attention is drawn also to the importance of the performance aspect. In conclusion, there is a summary account of the hypotheses offered hitherto on the origin of embellished singing in this locality, to which the author adds another based on her current research.
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CYRIL A METOD V KULTÚRE DOLNOZEMSKÝCH SLOVÁKOV

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EN
The Thessalonian brothers are known among Slovak and Slavonic people as translators of the Scriptures into a language comprehensible to the people in the Great Moravian Empire and to other Slavs. Their evangelical mission and the creation of a language of worship has a Christian, cultural-emancipatory, ethno-identifying and at the same time ethno-differentiating character in the connection with Slavs as well as in relation to nations from other language groups or families. Slovakia adequately respects these personalities and their merits: St Cyril and Methodius Day celebrated on 5th July is dedicated to them, and this day is also the Day of Foreign Slovaks. These missionaries are thus in the centre of a contextual circle: Slavs - Slovaks in Slovakia and abroad - Cyril and Methodius – ethno-cultural identity. In researching individual components of cultural potential of the Lowland Slovaks, in the last three decades we have found much evidence to show how these personalities became part of the cultural of the Lowland Slovaks: as part of the church history, Christian theory and cultural history; memorial days in Christian calendars; providing the names for parishes and churches; the object of school teaching; Slavic and Slovak reciprocity; specific ways of commemorating the Thessalonian brothers through the visual arts, institutional celebrations and forgiveness as specific ecclesiastical, social and cultural events at the level of local and Christian communities and institutions; roads in the footsteps of Cyril and Methodius leading to Slovakia and to Nitra and deepening the companionship with the mother nation. The aim of the paper is to point out the interdisciplinary contexts of the study of their reflections in the Slovaks living in Lowland.
EN
Calendar rituals are usually important and representative part of each culture system. Their concrete form is determined by the immanent spatial, ethnic, confessional, socio-professional, intercultural and transcultural influences. Transformation of the calendar rituals is not usually random or spontaneous process because the dynamics of culture is always adapting to current conditions. The contemporary forms of calendar rituals among Slovak community in Serbia's Vojvodina, area Vojlovica-Pancevo, are the results of ethno-cultural sovereignty of the community, its long-term coexistence with-present Hungarian minority and the surrounding Serb majority, contacts with other Slovak Lowland communities and Slovaks in Slovakia and transcultural acting globalization of culture.
Slavica Slovaca
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2021
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vol. 56
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issue 2
182 - 190
EN
The present study analyses the lexicographic components in prints written in Latin in the 18th century, which, depending on the authorship, language, place of publication or content, concern Slovakia or Slovaks. It defines the form, method and meaning of their inclusion in the work in the context of intersection with vernacular languages as a starting point for the mediation of mostly technical vocabulary to the reader in conjunction with the practical context of the presented works.
EN
Since its establishment at the end of the 18th century, the culture of the Slovaks from Vojvodina has developed in two ways: the first one reflects their effort to constantly follow the phenomena present in the cultural setting of Slovakia and to have an active dialogue with them. The second one arises from the specific environment of Vojvodina, where these Slovaks landed up. The article is focused on the analysis of this cultural situation, trying to answer the questions to what extent the information about culture of Slovaks from Vojvodina occurs in the cultural context in Slovakia, and to what extent the share of particular cultural phenomena is reflected while having in mind the contribution of Vojvodina´s specifics.
EN
Answers of 200 young people (Slovaks) from Hungary and from nationally mixed area of Slovakia on the 10 values list (personal values, social values and ethnic values) offered opportunity to analyse the preference of native language in these two groups of respondents. The main difference between these groups was manifested in the ethnic values section (native language, nationality) which are preferred more in the case of members of the ethnic minority (Slovaks in Hungary). Despite the fact, between the most preferred items in both groups are values „health“, „family“, and „freedom“.
EN
The goal of the paper is to address the continuous existence of Slovak national culture outside the physical borders of the mother land. The readers are introduced into the subject of the complex evolution of the Slovaks living in the Romanian Kingdom/Romania, especially in the first half of the 20th century. The objective and subjective interpretation reflects on the religious and didactic aspect in factual literature written by Slovaks living in Romania by presenting two original writings which had (have) an important role and function in the social – cultural – literary development (i.e. they are a kind of stimuli for the national identity and self-preservation). The study contains particular extracts of the originals or meta-texts written by experts in the given field, which help „illustrate“ the atmosphere of that period as well as the creative stimuli for this national minority within a wider context. The outcome and the contribution of the paper are seen in informing the people interested in the subject of the fact that the Slovak element „has pulsated with life“ not only below the Tatras but also further south.
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