The aim of the article is to show the possibilities for financing cooperation be-tween science and business using external funds, especially funds from the European Union programs. In Poland, this type of cooperation is not realized on a sufficient scale. The article presents examples of three different types of projects. Moreover it attempts to analyze the reasons for insufficient use of cooperation between sectors. Methods used in the research work are literature studies and case studies of project co-financed by external sources.
Decisions by SMEs regarding knowledge development are made at a strategic level (Haas-Edersheim, 2007). Related to knowledge management are approaches to 'measure' knowledge, where literature distinguishes between qualitative and quantitative methods of valuating intellectual capital. Although there is a quite range of such methods to build an intellectual capital reporting system, none of them is really widely recognized. This work presents a method enabling assessing the effectiveness of investing in human resources, taking into consideration existing methods. The method presented is focusing on SMEs (taking into consideration their importance for, especially, regional development). It consists of four parts: an SME reference model, an indicator matrix to assess investments into knowledge, innovation indicators, and the GMDH algorithm for decision making. The method presented is exemplified by a case study including 10 companies.
The article is the short introduction to the problems relating to the implementation of software which supports online office work. The main goal of the article is to present chosen office online suites which can support electronic documents management and their implementation, mainly in small and medium sized organisations. The second section of the study describes a short profile of the most important office online suites. The third section concentrates on some organisational and technological aspects of the use of the online office suites in the enterprises.
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are facing internal markets with higher taxation and transfer price compliance costs as well as cross-border loss compensation problems. With respect to the taxation (transfer pricing) compliance costs that are borne by SMEs, the possible solutions for decreasing those costs were suggested to be safe harbours and common (consolidated) corporate tax bases. This paper includes an evaluation of the suggested approaches and their impacts on the SMEs’ economic performance. In addition, this evaluation accounts for the selected economic variables that are classified by industry and firm size, assuming decreased compliance costs of taxation and the fulfilment of the long-term goals of the EU2020 agenda, such as smart and inclusive growth in the EU. Based on the results, it can be concluded that safe harbours and the CCCTB system are able to improve SMEs’ performance. The most important economic variables supporting the increase in business performance are current assets, value added, enterprise value and, finally, operating revenues. In researched countries, the highest impact on the business performance would result from the created added value.
Lack of financing is an important obstacle for growth and development of small and medium-sized enterprises all over the Europe. This paper reveals the effect of the sovereign stress on the financing of small businesses from Euro area economies that have suffered most, denoted as stressed economies. The main finding is that 37% of the firms in the researched sample were either rejected on their loan application or their loan application was accepted but refused due to high costs. Also, the heterogeneity across firms plays a significant role when it comes to loan granting, older firms with higher turnover are less likely to be rejected on their loan application. The firms in the stressed countries are most likely to be refused in their bank loan application after the crisis unfolded and have a higher probability of not applying to a bank loan compared to the firms from the non-stressed economies.
The paper investigates the access of small and medium-sized enterprises to external financing during the recent financial crisis via non-parametric density estimation. The kernel density estimation is applied on a firm-level measure of financing constraints and evaluates its distribution on a balanced panel of SMEs. For application and cross-country comparison we use panel data on Limited Liability enterprises in the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary. Our results reveal asymmetric impact of the financial crisis on the ability of SMEs to secure external financing. We identify that there is no sizeable difference in access to credit of SMEs in Hungary and Poland before and during the crisis. In Slovakia and the Czech Republic our results suggest that firms were more constrained during the crisis and their financing constraints did not largely improve after the end of financial crisis. We argue that economic recession was the driving factor of financing constraints in Slovakia and the Czech Republic.
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