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Sociální teorie a kulturální studia: dva typy interdisciplinárního přístupu

100%
Balon J.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2004
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vol. 40
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issue 1-2
49-66
EN
This article looks at social theory and cultural studies as the two types of interdisciplinary approach now dominating the intellectual scene in the social sciences and the humanities. It is very often argued that both social theory and cultural studies have reached an impasse and that their problems cannot be solved with the help of traditionally conceived general theories or the fragmentary approaches promoted by postmodern social theory and cultural studies. The origin of both fields lies in the classical philosophical and sociological analyses of industrial societies. The article therefore aims at answering the questions: what general theoretical influences have shaped the development of social theory and cultural studies and how have they affected and transformed the meanings of their key concepts? Modern social theory (connected with the Parsonsian programme) and the original project behind British cultural studies are taken as the key points of reference for the description of the changing nature of the two disciplines. Special attention is paid to the problems of the construction of theoretical models and general schemes in social theory and to the problems of identity construction in cultural studies.
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Perspectives and paradigms in sociological theory i-ii.

80%
Farkas Z.
Szociologiai Szemle (Sociological Review)
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2006
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vol. 16
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issue 1
3-39
EN
In this paper two-part paper the author first deals with the correlation between the subject and perspective of sociology, and determine the aspects of the classification of sociological perspectives. Then he draws up the types of sociological perspectives and points out the main theories and theoretical directions representing different perspectives. The sociological perspective is a system of notions referring to the basic questions of sociology, which basically determines the whole of the theoretical concepts and correlations of sociology. In order to draw up the typical perspectives emerging in sociological theory, he defines the basic correlations and questions of sociology. he distinguishes between the holist and the individualist perspectives on the level of overall perspectives, from the point of view of the level of factors determining social phenomena. He makes a distinction between symbolist and factualist perspectives from the point of view of the nature of factors determining social phenomena, On the level of the main perspectives, he makes a distinction between normativist, structuralist, creativist and rationalist perspectives.
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CREATIVE SOCIETY: IN THE QUEST OF A RELEVANT SOCIAL THEORY (Kreatyvne suspilstvo: u poshukakh relevantnoi sotsialnoi teorii)

80%
Matsevych I.
Sotsiolohiia: teoriia, metody, marketyng (Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing)
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2010
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issue 2
98-111
EN
The authoress reconstructs the conceptual foundations of the present-day political programs targeted to foster the creative society development. The explication of the correlations between the notions of creative industries, creative economy and creative society is a pre-condition of the construction of relevant social theory. The latter plays a crucial role in shaping long-term political programs. The intensive development of information and communication technologies transforms the organization and evolution of contemporary society. Social philosophy has different models of the exploration of informational and globalized society, but they do not reflect the transforming state of the person intended to fulfill own creative potential, and also the role of cultural capital in new social, political and economic conditions. Such developments compel us to elaborate an adequate approach to building of the theory able to explain the contemporary transformation of the social reality. The conceptual contradictions in the interpretation of key notions of these political programs may be an obstacle in the way of sustainable development. In order to avoid negative consequences of the political programs application in practice, the analysis of the conceptual foundations of the building of the theory of 'creative society' should be fulfilled.
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THE LOGIC OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE DEVELOPMENT. THE EXAMPLE OF MIGRATION THEORY (Logika rozwoju dyskursu naukowego. Przyklad teorii migracji)

80%
Lukasiuk M.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
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2009
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vol. 35
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issue 2(132)
45-64
EN
The article addresses the problem of scientific theory development treated as a specific form of discourse. This may be exemplified with two selected theoretical trends related to research migration - called in the text discourse of motive and discourse of adaptation - the authoress ties to show the logic of that form of discourse development. Important determinants shaping migration discourses are: - The historical moment of their formation together with the entire baggage of ontic assumptions and the empirical image of migration processes of that period; - Strong influence of doxa, from the very outset; - Regularity consisting of a gradual 'softening up' of initially elegant and unambiguous theory by adding new elements or detailing existing ones, as well as transferring the entire argument to another level of analysis; - The principles of any action in the scientific field force us to refer to already found heritage and to operate with legitimated language of existing theoretical concepts; - The narrowing by discourse of the field of possible conceivable intellectual alternatives in the scientific activity: you may accept an existing theory or critically refer to it but it is always the starting point (of course within a set paradigm, or - as in this case - one discourse trend); tertium non datur.
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K PROBLÉMU NORIEM A NORMATIVITY: ZÁKLADNÉ KONCEPCIE A OTÁZKY

80%
Višňovský E.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2008
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vol. 63
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issue 5
386-396
EN
The paper presents the problem of norms and normativity in its broad scope and relevance for philosophy and social theory. In section one, the author provides a brief outline of his topic as present in the history of philosophy. Section two deals with a variety of approaches towards defining the concept of norms. Section three is devoted to the concept of social norms. Social norms are social representations (and social facts) comprising both mental and behavioral attributes such as beliefs of 'ougthness' to act in a certain way, consciousness of risk of exclusion in case of failure to act in a given way, real social obligations and conformity, etc. In conclusion, the author points to the topicality of the questions arising with respect to norms in the contemporary social context and practice.
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DEFENDING THE SOCIOLOGY OF UNDERSTANDING LANGUAGE (A nyelvmegerto szociologia vedelmeben)

80%
Sivado A.
Szociologiai Szemle (Sociological Review)
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2009
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vol. 19
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issue 1
27-45
EN
In his highly influential book (The Idea of a Social Science and its Relation to Philosophy, first published in 1958), Peter Winch introduces an alternative concept of interpretive social science, in which the focus is shifted from the actors' subjective motives to the common elements found in every understandable action: language games and rule following. This Wittgensteinian, linguistic version of interpretive social science has had its vast array of critics throughout the years: according to some of them, it neglects the practical side of sociology; while others claim that it fails to properly answer the questions raised by the translation from one language game to another, or that it renders critical social theory impossible. In this article, the author tries to critically reflect upon these critiques themselves, showing that the Winchian theory does not overlook the practice in understanding the different forms of life; that with slight modifications it is able to cope with the problem of translating, and that it doesn't aspire to be the critical theory that many of its critics would like it to be.
7
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VÍCEOBOROVOST V HISTORICKÉ SOCIOLOGII

70%
Kalenda J.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2013
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vol. 45
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issue 2
150 – 171
EN
This paper is dedicated to examining the multidisciplinary nature of contemporary historical sociology. First, the text discusses how multidisciplinarity is understood in the field. In particular, to what extent historical sociology can be considered to be an interdisciplinary field, and, by contrast, how much it is dominated by other forms of interdisciplinary cooperation – transdisciplinarity and multidisciplinarity. While the first part of the study focuses on the elaboration of multidisciplinary issues in the context of the development of the social sciences, the second part of the text focuses on the main types of multidisciplinarity. The dominant conception of the multidisciplinary approach in modern historical sociology is illustrated by using the example of seven major publications. On this basis we would like to argue that: (1) researchers in this field of research have not yet explicitly addressed the delimitation of the multidisciplinary nature of their discipline, (2) the concept of historical sociology presented does not correspond with the concept of inter-disciplinarity, (3) multidisciplinarity in historical sociology varies between multidisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity.
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„JEDEN VEĽKÝ KOLEKTÍV”. FOLKLÓR AKO VYSTÚPENIE A ORGANIZÁCIA

70%
Feinberg J. G.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2016
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vol. 48
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issue 4
357 – 376
EN
Based on an ethnographic study of folklore performance in contemporary Slovakia, this paper critically engages with „performance theory”, arguing that sometimes performance can be best understood by looking beyond moments of performance to the long, often arduous work of preparing for performance and reflecting on performances past. The author proposes studying folklore (and art more generally) not only as performance but also as „organization”, that is, as a set of enduring yet always shifting social relations. This approach enables us to see the modes of collectivity that emerge out of the social experience of art and, specifically, folklore.
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SOCIOLOGY OF INDIVIDUALS AND CRITICAL THEORY. THE LISBON 2009 SOCIOLOGICAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT DEBATES IN THEORETICAL SOCIOLOGY (Socjologia jednostek i teoria krytyczna. Konferencja lizbonska o aktualnych debatach w socjologii teoretycznej)

70%
Mucha J.
Studia Humanistyczne AGH
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2010
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vol. 8
9-24
EN
This is an exercise in the fi eld of a sociology of sociology. It draws upon the debate on 'sociological theory we need' at the beginning of the 21st century, which was held at the Lisbon 2009 Conference of the European Sociological Association (semi-plenary session). The invited speakers presented two cases of the 'theory we need': 'sociology of individuals' and 'critical theory'. The author analyses theoretical discussions held at recent big (European and 'global') sociological congresses and comes to the conclusion that the Lisbon 2009 diagnosis of what is really important in sociological theorizing was wrong. Similarly, in Polish textbooks and readers in the fi eld of sociological theory, these two subdisciplines do not seem to be very signifi cant. The detailed discussion of the proposed in Lisbon 'sociology of individuals' and 'critical theory' follows. In concluding chapter of the article, the author analysis what and why is considered in recent Poland, at the beginning of the 21st century, a 'sociology of individuals' and critical sociology' of the post-communist transformation.
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Refleksyjność jako zasada i problem teorii społecznej

70%
Halas E.
Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa
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2011
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vol. 47
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issue 2(188)
191-202
EN
This sketch presents important conceptions of reflectivity - including those of Anthony Giddens and Niklas Luhmann - as well as the developmental stages of the new interest in reflectivity, as opposed to reflection, on the grounds of sociology, and through sociology - in other social sciences as well. Subsequently, attention is drawn to radical reflectivity. Social theory based on the latter is a praxis theory, formulating opinions and beliefs, the propagation of which should lead to their confirmation as a result of their reflexive influence on social reality. Reflectivity is also a principle of relational social epistemology, which implies the necessity of analyzing various relational dimensions of the subject, as well as knowledge understood as a social process. The principle of radical reflectivity leads to pursuit of social theory as a multidimensional criticism of forms of knowledge and models of thinking about the world hitherto existing in European culture. In this search for critical distance, theology has also drawn the interest of reflective social theory.
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STRANGE BEDFELLOWS: THE NEW NEOLIBERALISM OF CATHOLIC SCHOOLING IN THE UNITED STATES

61%
Burke K. J.
Pedagogický časopis (Journal of Pedagogy)
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2012
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vol. 3
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issue 2
177 – 197
EN
The article utilizes critical social theory and critical religious theory to examine the emergent and historically aberrant alignment between Catholic schools and neoliberal market-based reforms in the United States. The author traces the historical split between Catholic and public schooling, attending to the role of the litigious in shaping American parochial contexts. In the face of declining enrolments and vocations as well as skyrocketing tuition and a contracting share of the educational ‘market,’ Catholic leadership has sought public support through market instruments (tax credits and vouchers) in order to preserve dying religious schools. Lost in this paradigm shift is the irony of the move from proud separatism to a governmental reliance that would have seemed abhorrent thirty years ago. Missing, too, in the rhetoric of ‘saving Catholic schools’ is concern for the harm done to education on a whole when religious schools are presented as competitors with, rather than alternatives to, a free public education. Examined through the lens of the largest provider of Catholic schoolteachers in the United States, the article ultimately concludes that the public good is being sacrificed at the altar of religious pride.
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MORFOGENETICKÝ PRÍSTUP V SOCIOLÓGII – AMBIVALENTNÉ PRIJATIE A JEHO INOVAČNÝ POTENCIÁL

61%
Stena J.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2015
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vol. 47
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issue 4
414 – 437
EN
First, the paper situates the intellectual project of M. Archer into the thought context of sociological theoretical conceptions at the time of its inception. It points out to the philosophical foundations of morphogenetic approach and gives dense information on innovative solutions through which this concept enhances the possibilities of sociological conceptualization. The author makes propositions for Slovak terminological solutions for specific terms introduced by M. Archer. He also seeks to imply discussed questions of morphogenetic approach as well as application of its inspirational potential.
13

SUMMARY OF A THEORY OF MULTISTRUCTURE (Egy multistruktura-elmelet osszefoglalasa)

51%
T-Denes T., Farkas J.
Tarsadalomkutatas (Social Science Research)
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2009
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vol. 27
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issue 2
101-115
EN
The present paper is the summary of a book which is about to be published. In this book, the authors at first introduce a model based on structural mathematics, which is suitable to describe and analyse the basic laws of both the living and non-living nature. They prove that there are irreconcilable limitations to classic mathematical tools suitable for discovering and describing the non-living world, when they are attempting the description of the phenomena of living nature, especially societies. The authors state that the complex, so called multistructural systems (it is equivalent the living systems) cannot be described and understood by quantitative, metric mathematics, only through the new tools offered by structural mathematics. By using their theoretical methods (so called Structure-difference Effect), they arrived to the formulation of the General Structure-conservation Theorem. Based on which they managed to apply the terminology of non-living nature: matter, motion, space, time, equilibrium, etc. to the structure-space related to societies. This opens up opportunities to work out a social theory proven in an exact manner, which will be described in the second part of the volume. However, this will be the topic of an article to be published later.
14

TOWARD A META-THEORY OF TERRITORIAL FRAGMENTATION

51%
Jakab D. B.
Tarsadalomkutatas (Social Science Research)
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2008
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vol. 25
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issue 2
227-266
EN
Meanwhile European studies and other social sciences focused enormously on the topic of integration, scientists paid little or no attention to elaborate general models, to explain and to bridge the well known and various forms of disintegration. In the ambiance of the failed states spread all over the globe, economic globalization, and welfare nationalism are the hallmarks of a fragmented era. After the post-cold war optimism faded away for a 'new world order', fragmentation became the great narrative of social sciences and the media. The second main purpose of the paper is to reduce the several fragmentation theories to the best manageable few models. As a result the author found that the several articles written on the topic belong to one of four models, based on social change, homeostatic equilibrium, human will, or resource management. He thinks the usefulness of model formation exceeds the benefits of scientific systematization. It will surely contribute to the future dialogue of these many theories of a nascent literature. Discontented with the apparent incommensurability of the four basic models, the main purpose was to find a single theory which is able to bridge the gap between short and long term forms and event-based or macro sociological perspectives of fragmentation. At the moment he found that it is the structuration theory and constructivism that offer the best way for such a synthesis. The principal message of his paper is that the new meaning of fragmentation, aiming at social change, or even emancipation, goes far beyond the traditional interpretations which portrayed this issue derogatory as an irreversible organic decomposition, chaos, retrogression.
15
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Jan Mertl: sociolog-kolaborant, nebo oběť okolností?

51%
Nešpor Z. R.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2012
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vol. 48
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issue 2
343-366
EN
The article analyses the life and academic contribution of one of the most prominent interwar Czech sociologists, Jan Mertl (1904–1978), whose studies in political sociology studies were highly innovative in his day, in both the Czech and the international context. Mertl was a follower of Max Weber and focused on the comparative historical-sociological analysis of political partisanship and party systems. He also devoted extensive study to changes in the relationship between state administration/bureaucracy and political representation. He enriched the field of (Czech) sociological theory with his concept of the ‘self-regularity of social phenomena’, dealing with the unintended outcomes and latent functions of social action, and he attempted to distinguish between Weberian ideal types and ‘historical types’. He also made the first systematic analysis of modern bureaucracy, using the Weberian concept of the ‚iron cage of modernisation‘. However, Mertl is a significant figure in the history of Czech sociology for another reason: his behaviour during the Second World War is generally perceived as an explicit example of collaboration with Nazism, which led to Mertl’s total exclusion from the academic community after the war. The author analyses the motives and extent of Mertl’s ‘wrongdoing’, as well as the reasons for his being ostracised by the academic world, even though he was officially acquitted of collaboration. The author also provides a brief description of his later life. The article is based on all available published sources and on a large number of previously unknown and unexploited archive materials.
16
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PARALLEL WORLDS OF THE SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY

51%
Alijevova D.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2006
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vol. 38
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issue 5
367-398
EN
The article is devoted to the co-existence of such different contemporary sociological approaches as the post-modern social theory and the mainstream sociology, represented by functionalism. Their thematic and conceptual differences are so significant that the metaphor of the 'parallel worlds' of the sociological theory seems to be adequate to describe the present situation. The analysis focuses on the late works of J. Baudrillard as the most important representative of the post-modern social theory. Baudrillard declares that the social theory is dead because the key social factors like class and ethnic differences have disappeared with the creation of an undifferentiated mass. This declaration leads Baudrillard towards creating a new way of sociologizing and a new sociological vocabulary, which sharply contrasts with the concepts of the mainstream sociology. The masses for him are a non-social category - a 'silent majority', a 'black hole' that absorbs all social characteristics of the system. It is their fatal strategies that are so crucial for the fate of the social world. The similar position in this respect is typical for another eminent French post-modern theorist M. Maffesoli. For him, the masses have lost their political and economical characteristics - they are not anymore the subject of the world history. Naturally, such 'antisocial theory' make the post-modern sociology unacceptable for the most mainstream sociologists in their research and theorizing. They live in their own sociological universe that had been created during the long sociological tradition. The core conception of mainstream sociology is represented by structural-functionalism, which has been recently revived in the works of neo-functionalists (J. Alexander, P. Colomy, S. N. Eisenstadt, F. Lechner, R. Munch). The functionalism survives not only in the sociological theory but also in the 'practical sociological reasoning'. It presents the sociological theory that is parallel to the post-modern social theory. The third parallel structure in the contemporary sociology is presented by the Marxist social theory. It has also survived in the works of the eminent modern (A. Giddens, P. Bourdieu) and post-modern (J. Baudrillard, M. Maffesoli, F. Jameson) sociologists. An outstanding example of the 'latent Marxism' in the recent years is the conception of the informational society by M. Castells. In comparison with the functionalism that embodies the consensual thinking, the Marxism presents a conflict-oriented critical position which makes it a popular ideology in contemporary globalizing world.
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