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1

THE DISPUTES OVER THE THEORY OF SECULARISATION

100%
Zielinska K.
Kultura i Społeczeństwo
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2007
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vol. 51
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issue 2
181-198
EN
During recent decades there has been an uninterrupted discussion in the field of the sociology of religion between the proponents and opponents of the paradigms of secularisation. The aim of this article is to set out the issues associated with the paradigms of secularisation and to reconstruct the main themes of the ongoing debate. The result of the discussions and arguments associated with the theories of secularisation was - on the one hand - to rethink certain of the assumption in that approach and - on the other - the creation of alternative theoretical proposals. A short characterisation of the new, complementary theoretical perspectives on the approach to secularisation forms the last part of the article.
2

'QUO VADIS DOMINE?' TOWARDS TYPOLOGY OF CONTEMPORARY RELIGIOUS AND SPIRITUAL IDENTITIES IN SLOVAKIA

80%
Podolinska T.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2007
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vol. 55
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issue 2
135-158
EN
This contribution is focused on the research of the recent forms of the religious and spiritual identities in Slovakia after the revolution in 1989. The core of the study is devoted to the distinction of the rural (local) and urban (translocal) religious/spiritual identities. The authoress further pays attention to the process of so called 'local privatization' of the transcendental stories in the process of so called local approximation (1. topographic, 2. chronological or 3. personal). The authoress mentions also process of 'local deprivation' or local deproximation as manipulated process of the locally neglected stories/events/narratives. The next part of the study is devoted to the translocal and transtemporal character of the urban spiritual identities. Following the various forms of conversation and of the institutional/ private forms of religiosity/spirituality she designs a new typology. At the very end of the contribution she challenges the thesis of modernity of A.Giddens.
3
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Dvojí tradice české sociologie náboženství

80%
Nespor Z. R.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2004
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vol. 40
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issue 4
447-458
EN
Regardless of the role religion plays in the world today, i.e. despite the significant de-privatisation of faith in the socio-cultural space and in politics, contemporary Czech sociology of religion is in rather poor shape. The author presents a number of factors to explain this, including the legacy of the communist regime, and low levels of church attendance in the Czech Republic, the latter having been erroneously interpreted as non-religiosity. But the author focuses mainly one other reason: the discordant legacy of Czech pre-communist sociology of religion and the neighbouring field of social studies. Two different traditions of the subject are identified - the 'profane' sociology of religion, founded by T. G. Masaryk, and Catholic religious sociology. Although the former legacy declared itself non-religious and even anti-clerical, in the case of many of its followers this claim was only partially true. In the 1930s and 1940s, when they (especially Prague's sociological school, which formed a certain opposition to Masaryk) turned more towards Durkheimian attitudes, they emphasised, for example, their own religious experience as a necessary tool for understanding piety. On the other hand, Catholic religious sociology was closely related to church activism, policy, and contemporary social work, i.e. strictly conservative and anti-modern. Its way of understanding modern society was discounted by the former group of scholars, though to at least some degree the two legacies shared similar methodological approaches. Both certainly seem outdated today, but their theoretical and methodological discussions and their findings remain of importance. Consequently, a re-thinking of these legacies and their theoretical backgrounds is still significant for the sociology of religion today.
4
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THREE EUROPEAN SOCIOLOGIES OF RELIGION: BEYOND THE USUAL AGENDA OF THE DISCIPLINE

80%
Nespor Z. R.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2008
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vol. 44
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issue 3
557-579
EN
The contemporary boom in the popularity of religion(s) and religiosity has led to new interest in their sociological study that has returned the sociology of religion to the heart of sociological research. In secular Europe alone, three new overviews of the discipline have appeared in 2006 and 2007, written by Grace Davie, I. Furseth and P. Repstad, and Z. R. Nespor and D. Luzny, all of which attempt to go beyond the traditional agenda of the discipline. This review article summarises the various attitudes of the respective authors and provides a general overview of their books. However, rather than evaluating them it tries to use the three books as a starting point for thinking of the discipline itself. Primarily, the author examines whether there is one single sociology of religion or not and stresses the multiplicity of 'national' approaches with regard to the state of religion in respective societies. Beyond the attention usually paid to the European-American division, and Davie's 'hybrid cases' of British, Canadian, German and Eastern European versions of the sociology of religion, which are also discussed, the author outlines the particularities of the French and Scandinavian approaches. The article then concerns itself with the various theoretical and methodological issues surrounding the discipline and emphasises its 'post-paradigmatic' stage. While some sociologists are looking for new theories (Furseth and Repstad), others highlight the variety of methods which allow a deeper understanding of the multiplicity of facts and meanings (Davie, Nespor and Luzny). Finally, the article discusses the specific position of religion(s) in post-communist countries and the ways in which it is studied.
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FROM CENTRE TO PERIPHERY AND BACK AGAIN? THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOCIOLOGY OF RELIGION AND CHANGES IN ITS POSITION WITHIN SOCIOLOGICAL THOUGHT IN THE 2nd HALF OF THE 20th C. (Z centra na periferii a zase spatky? Vyvoj sociologie nabozenstvi...)

80%
Nespor Z. R.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2009
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vol. 41
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issue 2
121-148
EN
AAlthough religion once occupied a central position both in sociological theory and in the writings of the 'founding fathers' of sociology, subsequently the subject lost its significance. As a consequence of the widespread acceptance of the secularist paradigm, sociological studies of religion became marginalised as did the branch of sociology promulgated after WWII; religion and the sociology thereof were simply condemned to extinction. However, the worldwide religious revival of the late 20th century changed the situation altogether. Religion and spirituality as well as - albeit to a much lesser degree - the sociologies thereof have become topics of discussion within general sociological thought. The author describes and analyses the development of the sociology of religion in the second half of the 20th century. He maintains that 'behind' the two grand paradigms - i.e. the secularisation and rational choice theories - different approaches exist, impacted by national academic traditions and other factors. Multi-paradigmatical approaches, an emphasis on ethnographical research and adoption of a 'humanistic' perspective form common themes in the contemporary sociology of religion, especially in Europe; the Czech and Slovak sociologies of religion are no exception. Unfortunately, the sociological mainstream still devotes little attention to such developments, while the sociology of religion itself is rather closed to (post-) modern theories, including those dealing with religion. The central position in recent sociological thought is thus occupied by a specific subject - various forms of religion and spirituality - rather than by any special theories, methods or knowledge accumulated by sociologists of religion.
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POČIATKY INŠTITUCIONALIZOVANEJ SOCIOLÓGIE NÁBOŽENSTVA A PRVÝ REPREZENTATÍVNY VÝSKUMU RELIGIOZITY OBYVATEĽOV SLOVENSKA

70%
Tížik M.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2016
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vol. 48
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issue 5
500 – 538
EN
In research on the history of Slovak sociology, little attention has been paid to the history and development of the sociology of religion. In research that has addressed the institutionalization of sociology in the 1960’s and of the sociology of religion within the broader framework of the history of the discipline in Slovakia, attention has largely concentrated on noteworthy individual researchers. As a result, the history of empirical sociology in Slovakia has omitted the role played by a team of people who, in autumn 1968, conducted the first known Slovakia-wide survey of religiosity. Since the original filled-in survey questionnaires have been found, it is now possible to reconstruct the survey and thoroughly analyse its results, while at the same time conducting new research into the forms of religiosity present in Slovakia at the end of the 1960’s, which enables us to correct some previous results and, above all, to interpret adequately the partial survey results that were available after the autumn 1968 survey was conducted. This involved a process both of survey reconstruction and of uncovering and mapping the not-quite-successful beginnings of the institutionalization of the sociology of religion in Slovakia. In addition, this work exposed how important collective activity was in preparing the survey, and how dependent it was on the changing conditions of political power during the implementation of empirical sociological research, and during the survey research in particular, at this period in the history of reestablishment of sociology in Slovakia.
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Sociolog(ie) mezi kolárkem, hákovým křížem a rudou hvězdou: Jaroslav Šíma v dějinách české sociologie

70%
Nešpor Z. R.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2011
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vol. 47
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issue 5
967-990
EN
The article analyses the life story and works of a significant, but today sadly almost unknown, Czech sociologist, Jaroslav Šíma (1914–1955). It draws on all the published sources available on him as well as a large number of to date unknown and unexploited archive materials. Šíma became a member of the somewhat “thin on the ground” national sociological academia of the interwar period and specialised in the sociology of sexuality, religion, and education. However, his research was often the result of his own religious and church positions, which were connected with the so-called free Christianity movement and which cannot be accurately judged according to contemporary standards. Šíma’s star rose spectacularly during the Second World War, when he became the undisputed leader of Czech sociology, notwithstanding the fact that his influence came at the price of making considerable compromises with the Nazi regime, and owing to this and his own personal failures he assumed a rather low profi le in the immediate post-war years. Šíma had another opportunity to shine following the communist coup in 1948, when he immersed himself in the ideas of the new regime. Seven years later he committed suicide. The author analyses Šíma’s fate and his writings as a case study in the context of the evolution of Czech sociology and outlines its weak points as well as the events which contributed to the outstanding but unlikely success of this ‘maverick’ of sociology (the discipline’s weak organisational background, with conformity to special interests, personal grudges between top figures in the field, and methodological incompetence flourishing in its place).
8
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Česká sociologie náboženství v letech 1948–89

70%
Nespor Z. R.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2007
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vol. 43
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issue 4
675-698
EN
The article examines the theoretical development of Czech sociology of religion during the period of communist rule, which widely affected the social sciences in general and research on religion in particular. The author divides the period into three different stages. First, from the very end of the 1940s to the beginning of the 1960s sociology as a whole was abolished as a 'bourgeois pseudo-science', and any discourse on religion was possible only in purely negativistic, anti-religious terms. However, some scholars (most notably A. Kolman, E. Kadlecová and I. Sviták) established less ideological attitudes and called for deeper sociological analyses of religion at the end of the 1950s and the start of the 1960s. Their 'revisionism' eventually won out in the 1960s, in the second stage, when Czech sociology of religion achieved international acceptance and Kadlecová became (for a short time) the author of the state's new religious policy. Although these scholars (V. Gardavský and M. Machovec) accepted a wider definition of religiosity and debated with Christian scholars, they remained Marxists. They were convinced religion is doomed to extinction. The last stage began after the violent termination of the Prague Spring in 1968 and lasted throughout the era of the so-called normalisation in the 1970-80s. Progressive scholars were removed from their posts. The official sociology of religion changed its name to 'scientific atheism', but the outcomes of its work were far from any standard of excellence, both in the theoretical and empirical fields. Research from the era of official neo-Stalinism was very poor in quality, but during that time very important unofficial scientific contributions did emerge, written by banned sociologists (E. Kadlecová, J. Siklová), social theologians (B. Komárková), and Czechs in exile. Unfortunately, since 1989 the reception of these works has been narrow. With the abolition of official Marxist scientific atheism there is an opportunity for the spread of truly modern sociological approaches to religion - if only there were enough students.
9
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JAK (NE)VYSVĚTLIT ČESKOU BEZBOŽNOST? ANALYTICKÁ SOCIOLOGIE JAKO INSPIRACE PRO SOCIOLOGII NÁBOŽENSTVÍ

70%
Vido R.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2019
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vol. 51
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issue 4
420 – 443
EN
In the last two decades, the sociology of religion in Czech Republic has produced a great deal of empirical analyses of Czech religiosity, revealing a high level of irreligion and distrust to (traditional) religious institutions in the Czech society. However, most of them lack in explaining the identified phenomena and do not go beyond the level of description and/or historicization. As suggested by the author, Czech sociology of religion has been in short supply of theory that might help to achieve a deeper understanding of the factors that lie behind the observed tendencies. The paper suggests that analytical sociology, with its central concept of social mechanisms, can be viewed as one of possible remedy for the perceived deficit.
10
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TEORIE RACIONÁLNÍ VOLBY V SOUČASNÉ SOCIOLOGII NÁBOŽENSTVÍ

70%
Lužný D.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2015
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vol. 47
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issue 2
151 – 170
EN
The report focuses on one of the most influential theories that are discussed in contemporary academic studies of religion and sociology of religion. Whilst in European sociology the theory of secularization dominates, in America there is an influence of Rational Choice Theory particularly represented by Rodney Stark, William Bainbridge, Roger Finke and Laurence Iannaccone. Our text lists the basic principles, standpoints and conclusions of Rational Choice Theory in sociology of religion and presents main points of criticism of this approach. The text also mentions several weaknesses of the criticism, particularly the disputable demand to criticize the basic axioms in deductive theory building and the request to see this Rational Choice Theory as a specific approach that can be applied in American environment only. The study sees the Rational Choice Theory as a possible challenge for further thinking and forming of the contemporary sociology of religion.
11
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Katolická církev v Československu 1945-1989

61%
Nespor Z. R.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2008
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vol. 106
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issue 4
859-868
EN
Almost two decades have passed since the fall of the Communist regime and the religious and ecclesiastical history of the Czech Lands in the second half of the 20th century have not yet been adequately documented. Thus, the author reviewing Balik and Hanus's synthesis 'Katolicka cirkev v Ceskoslovensku 1945-1989' (The Catholic Church in Czechoslovakia 1945-1989) considers its publication to represent an important milestone. When assessing this volume he emphasizes the juxtaposition of the historical and sociological ('mentalist') perspectives, as well as its contribution towards the formation of a Catholic identity in a free society, yet the shortcomings of the chosen approach and the fact that this might not be generally accepted are also acknowledged and outlined.
12
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TEOLOGICKÁ REFLEXE PRAXE. KE VZTAHU PRAKTICKÉ TEOLOGIE A SOCIOLOGIE NÁBOŽENSTVÍ

61%
Opatrný M.
Studia theologica
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2012
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vol. 14
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issue 2
74–98
EN
The study elaborates on the relationship between practical theology and sociology of religion. It is based on the concept of the relationship between theology and other sciences presented in the documents of the Second Vatican Council. Apart from reflecting on both fields, mainly among Czech authors, it formulates the potentials and limits of this relationship.
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