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1

SPECIFICITIES IN POSITION OF DEADS AS AN EXPRESSION OF THE POPULATION SPIRITUAL CULTURE IN THE AVAR KHAGANATE PERIOD ON THE TERRITORY OF SLOVAKIA

100%
Duricova M.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2007
|
vol. 55
|
issue 2
211-352
EN
The article deals with the results of analyses of the anomalous ways in positioning the dead bodies at chosen burial grounds from the Avar Khaganate period on the territory of Slovakia. Big diversity of the registered funeral rites and the anomalous ways of dead bodies positioning, which after their simplification have been divided into four types, can serve as evidence of remarkable polymorphism of the ideas of life after death. Material equipment frequently found in the graves, respect to their general physical condition in cases of various pathological or post-traumatic states as well as respect to the apparent emotional connections in all ways of the dead bodies positioning indicates reverential character of these images. This can be also proved by the fact that majority of these anomalies have their origin in the above mentioned reverential manifestations based on individual attitude of the survivors. This individual attitude was influenced by the subjective images and distinctive emotions and undoubtedly potentiated by common funeral rites as well. Spiritual conceptions indicating the negative ideas were presumed in connection with some rare extreme way of positioning, with some practices and sporadically also with some deviations that had arisen as the results of intentional secondary interventions. Concluding from the results of analyses, particular images and incentives could be of different character. This can be said also about the identical practices that often indicate opposed motivation as far as the reverence is concerned. For example, in absences of the skulls or burials of separate skulls we can assume both the pious intervention that is connected with a traditional cult of the deceased and non-pious one that represents a way of punishment of the dead for his/her misdemeanour in social sphere. The paradox is that the decapitation in connection with finding situation can be evidence of the reverence when it had been used as a result of the consuetudinary law allowing the ritual murders of the wives after death of their husbands. The core of extremenesses noticed in connection with intentional application of some non-reverential practices both in primary burials and secondary interventions can be in the best way explained by the ethnographic parallels consisting of many meanings, which point out superstitious images connected with magic or vampirism. In any case, we cannot judge the interpretations of the motivations that led to some specificities in the dead bodies positioning as they are described in the ethnographic sources to be of universal value, as numerous interventions that are interpreted as anti-vampirical were in the period under study motivated by several superstitious images of the different meanings. In conclusion we can say that the found diversity of the anomalous ways of the dead bodies positioning and used burial practices are documenting the expression of constant confrontation of the individual and his personal conviction with existing images and principles in their local meaning. The very images, however, have to be interpreted as wider cultural manifestation of the poly-ethnic society in the Avar Khaganate period.
2

DANIEL ANDREEV AS A PHENOMENON OF RUSSIAN SPIRITUAL CULTURE OF THE 20TH CENTURY (ON THE CENTENNIAL ANNIVERSARY OF POET'S BIRTH)

88%
Orlowski J.
Slavia Orientalis
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2006
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vol. 55
|
issue 4
557-572
EN
Daniel Andreev (1906-1959), original Russian poet and thinker, was a soviet political prisoner from 1947 to 1957. His main literary works (The Russian Gods, The Iron Mystery Play, The Rose of the World) had not been published until 1989. His works proved to be a unique phenomenon in Russian culture. Although most of them were written in prison in a totalitarian and atheistic state they were spiritually liberated and deeply religious. The author remained faithful to the idea of Holy Russia which had been proclaimed throughout centuries by Russian prophets, thinkers, and great writers. The main theme of Andreev's creation is the history of Russia. In his interpretation it is a metahistory of the Russian 'supernation', his 'voyage toward the Heavenly Kremlin', the capital of Holy Russia. Such a vision of history leads toward its mythologisation. Andreev thus created mythological persons and notions. The author perceived the fate of individuals, nations, humanity, and the universe as constant struggle of contradictory powers of Good and Light against the powers of Evil and Darkness. In his most important work 'The Rose of the World' the poet created an utopian vision of the future world: an exceptional mythopoetic treatise in world literature.
3

ETNOLINGVISTIKATA NA GRANICATA MEŽDU DVE STOLETIJA

75%
Kitanova M.
Slavica Slovaca
|
2015
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vol. 50
|
issue 2
103 - 115
EN
The author of the article presents three major centres of the humanitarian discipline ethnolinguistics: Moscow, Lublin and Sofia. The Moscow ethnolinguistic school is called Slavonic ethnolinguistics; The Liublino ethnolinguistic school – the cognitive ethnolinguistics with its seven key concepts: linguistic worldview, stereotype, cognitive definition, viewpoint and interpretive perspective, profile, subject, values; And last but not least – the Centre for Ethnolinguistic Studies in Sofa, which the article refers to as – ethnolinguistic of the folk terminology. Also, there is a detailed review of the lexicographic products of those three major centres: Ancient Slavic, Encyclopaedia of Bulgarian folk spiritual culture, Thematic Dictionary of the Terms of the folk Calendar, Topical Dictionary of family rituals: Birth, Wedding, Funeral. Ethnolinguistic Lexicography has evolved as a separate field of ethnolinguistics, whose task is to collect, interpret and classify the ethno-cultural lexis. The radical meaning of the folk culture terminology is determined by the fact of its concomitance to the language and culture. The ethnolinguistics point of view is the only way this science to be explored and presented because only the language expresses each cultural code adequately and describes it in its entirety. The panel of authors propound a reference book, reflecting the spiritual culture of the Bulgarians in the wholeness of their ethnical and language territory through folk terms, related to the Bulgarian Rituals, Traditions and Believes. The presented encyclopaedias are pioneers (first of their kind) in the Bulgarian ethnolinguistic lexicography.
4

CONTEMPORARY SIGNS OF MAGIC IN THE EVERYDAY LIFE OF ROMA MINORITY IN THE SELECTED AREAS OF BRNO, FOCUSING ON MAGICAL ACTS LIKE “POKEROVÁNÍ” AND EVIL EYE

75%
Figurová E.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
|
2022
|
vol. 25
|
issue 3
-
EN
The results from the research presented in this article were carried out to capture the changes or eventual disappearance of phenomena of traditional Romani spiritual culture, specifically manifestations of magical thinking. This contribution aims to discuss selected manifestations of magical thinking in the Roma communities in Brno, which have not been mapped so far. These are mainly manifestations of magic that are aimed at harming individuals. Specific attention is paid to acts such as "pokerování" and evil eye "zoči". The present article focuses on understanding how and to what extent magical practices are still used in the environment of Brno's Slovak and Hungarian Roma communities. One of the aims was to take note of the memories of those respondents about the magical practices they had encountered in the past and the related occult practices performed by Romani people in earlier times. The signs of magical thinking are present or not are summarised. Although it appears that magical practices are still abundantly represented in the majority, in comparison with the Slovak-Romani environment we can see their gradual disappearance.
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