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Nesprávná užívání statistické významnosti a jejich možná řešení

100%
Soukup P.
Data a výzkum - SDA Info (Data and Research - SDA Info)
|
2010
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vol. 4
|
issue 2
77-104
EN
The use of significance tests in social sciences is widespread mainly due to simple computation via statistical packages. Unfortunately the more social scientists use statistical significance estimates for making causal inferences the less they appear to understand about this influential concept. Statistical modelling results are usually presented in terms of their statistical significance and little other information is provided. The goal of this article is to show the limits of using statistical significance as a sole means of making inferences; and to present alternative statistical fit indicators readily available within frequentist approach to statistics: confidence intervals, minimum sample size and power analysis. Multiple working hypotheses are also explored together with two well known information criteria – AIC and BIC. This article provides practical information on how to undertake valid and reliable statistical analyses of social science data.
2
Content available remote

Úskalí on-line dotazování při měření postojů vysokoškoláků a pracovníků vysokých škol

38%
Ryšavý D.
Data a výzkum - SDA Info (Data and Research - SDA Info)
|
2011
|
vol. 5
|
issue 1
85-103
EN
This article presents a critical evaluation of the growing popularity of online social surveys for the exploration of attitudes and behaviours within higher educational institutions. More specifically this article addresses a number of key issues: the construction of representative online samples, and the presentation of the results from an institutional census constructed from an online survey with a low response rate. The improper use of statistical significance tests, and the reporting of systematic errors when quota sampling is employed in surveys is also discussed. This study compares and evaluates four recent academic surveys: (a) the Czech wave of the EUROSTUDENT IV survey fielded by SC&C, (b) A Research Survey on Academic Staff at Czech Colleges and Universities undertaken by SC&C in 2009, (c) surveys of students and (d) employees at Palacky University Olomouc undertaken by the newly established Laboratory of Social Research. This article shows that an improper interpretation of online surveys resulted in a missrepresention of the views of university students and academic staff on the state of Czech higher education and opinions concerning different tertiary education reform measures.
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