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EN
The major objective of policies for the less favoured areas (LFAs) is to ensure the continuation of their economic function (mostly profitable agriculture) and to enhance sustainable rural development (use of farming practices which maintain or improve the natural resource base of agriculture). The implementation of the concept of sustainable development in LFAs creates appropriate conditions for practicing organic agriculture and for launching various non-farm activities. It also creates employment opportunities that allow to further reduce rural poverty and to manage more effectively multifunctional rural development. This can lead to an improvement in the economic efficiency of farms, in the competitiveness of the agricultural sector and in the standard of living in LFAs. The strategy of sustainable development in LFAs could improve their social structure, contribute to the integration of their economy with the total market and to the protection of the natural environment.
EN
The article is connected with the life and scientific works of Professor Stephen Kozlowski died in September 2007. He was a great research scientist working with the geology of raw materials and then with the conservation and formation of natural environment. Last 25 years of his scientific work he was engaged in the creation of the concept of sustainable development and in the promotion of the concept in Polish social, economic and political life. Using the term “sustainable development” he meant all the activities which improve man’s life conditions and which do not cause the degradation of natural environment. Such effect can be obtained by equalizing of three development vectors: natural, economic and cultural. He proposed that Poland should adapt the economic progress to natural conditions of environment. He said that the idea of the sustainable development being based on the foundations of ecological era had all chances to make a success in our conditions of weather, soil, water and raw minerals.
EN
The balanced development is the conception friendly attitude to the matter of protection the human’s social and natural environment. More of ecological organization accept this idea, which they try to introduce in life. However, we can meet with activity of those ecological organizations which have the radical character and in fact they have much less common with the conception of the balanced development and they are even opposite. The balanced development does not aim to set back the social and economical development of human civilization, but it tries to reconcile with requirements of the protection the natural environment (to balance). The ideology of some ecological radicals’ formations, their methods of working ( the practical aspect) show however, that in fact such seen the comprehended development of human civilizations is with their point of sight too moderated and not to acceptable. The author in this article introduced the basic arguments supported such opinions. He characterized also the individual extreme ecological organizations and he tried to establish on the basic literature of this object the border which permits to distinguish from these radical organizations those which we can recognize as ecoterrorist.
EN
This work presents the issues concerning connections between ecoinnovations and sustainable development in Poland and European Union. Innovations and sustainable development are of fundamental importance for the growth in economy. Sustainable development has been one of European priorities for a long time. At present it has acquired new significance in the light of the crisis connected with climate changes and the extensive financial crisis prevailing mainly in the USA and Europe. Still it is a great challenge for EU cities and regions. Also examined were little cooperation between entrepreneurs and people of science in the processes introducing modern technologies and expenditure on innovations.
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Evolution and Perspectives of the European Union

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EN
The article has been inspired by the Document: Council of the European Union, 10117/ 06 'Renewed EU Sustainable Development Strategy' (Brussels, 9 June 2006). The problems discussed are following: Historical process of the economic and social integration; Prerequisites of the European integration and political will; Disproportions and challenges - spatial and regional policies - ambitious struggle with historical heritage; UE budget and specific distributional policies - prolonged time horizons; National states vis-a-vis internationalization and globalization - collisions and/or harmony with MNC and TNC; Social Questions; European Monetary System; Some suggestions and recommendations for Poland's attitudes and policies.
EN
The necessity to organize the reproduction process of agrarian land resources of the Carpathian macroregion on principles of sustainable development has been substantiated. The present state and level of the use, maintenance, improvement and protection of agricultural lands in accordance with the priorities proclaimed by the international community have been studied. The necessity of strengthening the addressness and awareness concerning the mechanism of implementation of formative basis principles of the use of lands has been discussed. The following triune tasks have to be solved: improvement of ecology, increase of economic efficiency and proper decision of social package of problems.
EN
The paper presents a proposal on ecological education for future engineers specialising in commodities science, in accordance with principles of sustainable development. On the basis of a series of lectures called “Product design and innovation”, a number of tools helpful in achieving this goal are discussed. The principles governing ecological design (ecodesign) in accordance with basic European Union directives (directives IPP, EEE, WEEE, RoHS) are also presented. Making use of recommendations contained in “PILOT” makes it possible to choose the proper ecodesign methods. With this tool, particular phases of the product lifecycle can be considered and shaped in such a way as to minimise their influence on the environment, since ecodesign enables new generation products to be produced, creates new challenges for designers, producers and consumers in putting into practice the principles of sustainable development. This is why the education of future product managers is so important.
EN
Small enterprises make up for at least 95% of the enterprises in the European Community, and constitute an important source of employment. Sustainable development, on the other hand, involves each of us, individual or organization. It is a concept that should be embraced by each of us, by each enterprise no matter its size. Each company should clearly understand the concept and undertake the specific actions considering the fact that their impact will have certain effects that will echo in the future, therefore affecting future generations. The present research intends to gain an insight into the approach adopted by small and medium enterprises as concerning the sustainable development framework, with a focus on corporate social responsibility initiatives undertaken by SMEs.
EN
During Millennium Summit in 2000 in New York, 189 member countries of the United Nations accepted Millennium Declaration. It contains Millennium Development Goals which are a form of road map for realization of development aid based on sustainable development in developing countries. The article discusses this problem.
EN
The local governments of settlements fulfill not only their basic duties but also a great deal of other tasks as well that influence the communities' living conditions and quality of life, and through the way inhabitants feel also have an impact on the retention capacity of the settlements. The social policy of local governments is fulfilled by the governments. Financing the tasks and their risks have a great effect on the realization of sustainable local governing. The aim of this study is to review the Hungarian local governmental system assessing some anomalies of the financing of local governments and to draw attention to the risk of local governments, to the possibilities of how to reduce their operational risks highly considering the social political goals of the local governments, the role it has in developing and improving the people's quality of life.
EN
In the 80-ties, the issue of creating accessible education strategy was widely analyzed. The aim was to allow society to become more aware of the sustainable development. It was established, that: '(...) there exists a need for a better understanding of the resources on which human life is dependable. If we would like the people to change their way of thinking and accept the need to give a higher priority to the environmental issues, we have to start the education at a school level'. Sustainable development is part of every single sphere of our everyday life. The same can be said for skyscrapers or electric energy. These issues are part of designer's professional workshop. Hence - introduced at the design level, will also accepted as a standard. This means that the effects of designer's works can be used as one of the medias implementing environmental policies. Promotion of a scope of knowledge concerning preservation of natural resources means that both small local groups and whole societies have to accept uniform values. This aim can be reached through reorientation of the formal education system and mutual aims
EN
The article examines the features of the formation of an integrated system for managing sustainable development of the region. Considered scientific approaches to develop a structure and mechanism of an integrated system of regional development, including through the establishment of institutional mechanisms for the sustainable development. The principles of sustainability of natural systems and human indicators characterizing the processes of development of the individual subsystems: social, economic and environmental are considered. The functions, distinctive characteristics and prospects of integrated management system implementation in practice of management at the regional level. Highlighted the major problems of transition to sustainable development of the regions of Ukraine and Belarus. The characteristics of integrated strategies for sustainable development, as well as key features that it provides. The organizational and managerial conditions of transformation of regional systems for sustainable development are analysed.
EN
This journal has published in the 2003-5 period several contributions devoted to statistical analysis of the processes observable in the old and new EU member-states and assessment, based on that, of the sustainability of the Stability and Growth Pact, the chances of introducing the common currency in the new member-states, and the most expedient way of doing so. This article sets out to augment earlier analyses by looking at the solution now subject to professional and political debate: is the European version of a rule-abiding budget policy really just 'stupid', as Romano Prodi once said, or is it a frame with real economic content, so that observing it or even applying it more strictly than ever is a precondition for sustainable development in the new EU member-states, especially in the medium and long term?
EN
The problems of sustainable development, conditioned upon the advantageous economic growth rates and decreasng environmental pollution, were examined. The relation between per capita income and pollutions of atmosphere is modeled and - in accordance with the theory of economy of nature management - is shaped in the form of inversed U letter. At first, pollution grows together with increasing income but after certain income level is reached it begins to fall. It turns out that the economic growth, accompanied by the diminishing pressure on environment, will follow at that stage the principles of sustainable development. Results of modeling and conditions of bettering the quallity of the air-pool in Ukraine are presented.
EN
The interdisciplinary nature of environmental protection dooms most of the presently applied protection methods to failure. It is particularly vital an issue in present times of an ecological crisis which occurred as an effect of tackling environmental problems solely from a technical point of view. A crucial role in eliminating effects and causes of the crisis plays the idea of sustainable development. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out proper educational activities for practical realization of its demands what may end the ecological crisis. The author of the paper presents currently applied educational methods and consequences of their application. Simultaneously he points out a necessity of a holistic approach to education for sustainable development what might be guaranteed, among others, by ecophilosophy. He also highlights a potential of the information technology in realization of educational activities for sustainable development.
EN
The technical and technological expansion of man in the nature environment constitutes an important component of ecological debate. The debate shows the initial confrontation of the antagonized positions. The radical critics of technology rejected the then contemporary technical and industrial system and supported “alternative technology”, whereas the radical promoters of this system represented a naive belief in the unlimited progress of science and technology. After some time this debate was enriched by a new idea: sustainable development. It proposes seeking new solutions to the technical and technological presence of man in the natural environemnet. These solutions are expressed by a proportionally balanced synthesis of both positions. The purpose should be to find a way that would be a compromise between the development of technology and the demands of nature.
EN
In the article the necessity of transition of housing and communal services to sustainable development is grounded. The essence of housing and communal services sustainable development is defined. The system of industry sustainable development management is proposed.
EN
The article deals with the essence and contents of «an ecological debt» category; it's most widespread definitions, existential spatial and temporal signs are analyzed. In the article the features of ecological debt' subjects recognition are also considered.
EN
The aim of this article is to show the ideas and threads present in the responsibility philosophy of the 20th century (exemplified with G. Picht, H. Jonas and D. Birnbacher), which are not only fundamental for the balanced development's concept, but - most of all - they are favourable to understanding it as a constant process of building interdisciplinary proposals in this scope. Origin and realization of the sustainable development idea would not be possible without responsibility ethics, which enables - to a higher degree than other ethical systems - to discuss global conditions of human life, currently and in distant future. Responsibility ethics, that also includes the natural environment, opposes the narrowly understood economic growth. Therefore, it draws attention to something more than just the man's interest.
EN
The purpose of this work is to illustrate the need for more precise analysis of issues related to soil-forming processes as services of the environment in terms of economy and practical applications. The term services of environment means the production of services by ecosystems, in the form of supplying matter, energy and information necessary for human life. The sources of production of those services in ecosystems come from their components which are in turn organized into structures. Changes in soil-forming processes in ecosystems are a consequence of physical, chemical, physiochemical and biological factors. Changes in soil-forming processes in ecosystems influence natural environment and therefore affect social and economic fields. One may argue that problems associated with preservation of soil-forming processes in ecosystems may result in many consequences in the field of economy. The estimation of the services of the environment (ecosystems) in terms of expenditures as well as consequences such as exploitation and degradation of biosphere is of significant importance.
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