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GLOBAL CHALLENGES FOR THE WORLD

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EN
The aim of this essay is to point out global challenges and find some solutions to them. Firstly, global challenges have been defined using The Millennium Project as the main source in an attempt to predict the future. Cooperation is stressed as the most important point to deal with these challenges. Our great earth should be appreciated. As we are living in a mortal planet, humanity should take care of it with collaboration between states and non-state actors. International community should agree on chal-lenges and their solutions. On the other hand, time is still needed to estab-lish an aware community because even some experts do not agree on climate change etc. Therefore, developed countries have to promote global challenges awareness as it may result with a domino effect for other states.
EN
The aim of the article is to characterize the safety system as a set of complementary elements that form a coherent whole, capable of functioning in such a way as to be able to provide a sufficiently high level of security of citizens and the state. The author of the publication presents and analyzes the current security system in the municipality of Krynica-Zdroj. The publication aims to characterize a coherent whole of system components and describe its advantages and disadvantages.
EN
Contemporary understanding of safety as a central category is analysed not only from the viewpoint of military security but also in the context of economic, political and ecological aspects.These dimensions of providing safety are to a large extent of interest to the police and are involved in their efforts aimed to protect and defend values underlying the law. Central to these efforts is the problem of fight, its scope, strategies and restrictions imposed by the law, ethics and other social norms. Thus, the analysis involves the notion of fight, its police specificity and limitations as a consequence of values and standards of professional integrity and their impact on effectiveness of policing. Quest for the boundary between effective fighting for values, including safety, and methods of fighting (with their risk of some values being violated) is mainly a moral issue which determines the dynamics of the integrity of police fight.
EN
The presence of unmanned aerial vehicles in the airspace is affected by stimulating the development of aviation but also led to the creation of a new kind of threat. The variety of design and versatility of their applications made unmanned aerial vehicles widely available to all people. The number of flight incidents involving UAV was largely caused by failure to follow the rules of safe operation and the lack of experience of the operator. Due to the effects which may entail collision with an unmanned aircraft, aviation authorities and the users themselves take a series of measures aimed at their elimination.
EN
Scientific research is fundamental for progress made not only in the field of technology, but also in perceiving the reality that surrounds us, or even increasing the security of our existence. Following article aims to underline the need for research in the area of safety of hazardous materials (Hazmat) air transportation. Its creation does not result from an attempt to confirm something that is commonly known, namely the necessity to conduct research in all areas of science. The authors want to draw attention to narrow but forgotten area of security, associated with rapidly growing branch of air transportation including hazardous materials and various threats related with these. As a result of undertaken analysis of existing risks, the directions in which research should be developed were indicated. Further exploration of those areas of security should lead to identification of additional risks as well as the most effective methods of counteracting them.
EN
The following article has been devoted to the issue of security at airports. The first part discusses the theoretical aspects of safety in relation to airports. Then the most important, in the author’s opinion, documents regulating issues of security at airports are described. The third part of the article describes selected services which are responsible for security at airports. The article was written to show the relations between the activities of the security services and security at airports.
PL
Czwarta rewolucja przemysłowa jest naturalną zmianą, ktorej nie da się uniknąć. W dostosowaniu się do zmian pomoc może odpowiednio wdrożone nauczanie przedsiębiorczości jak i jej prawidłowe postrzeganie, ktore ze względu na przemiany technologiczne, zostało rozmyte na przestrzeni kolejnych wiekow. Wynalazki człowieka mogą okazać się rownie zabojcze co piękne, dlatego naszym obowiązkiem jest przygotowanie się na głęboko idące przemiany zakładające niemalże całkowitą cyfryzację każdej sfery naszego życia. Sztuczna inteligencja, technologia 5G, druk 3D/4D oraz internet rzeczy, to nowe żywioły cywilizacyjne, ktorych opanowanie jest niezbędne dla bezpieczeństwa jak i przetrwania kolejnych dekad w gospodarce 4.0.
EN
: The fourth industrial revolution is a natural change that cannot be avoided. In adapting to changes, we can help properly implemented entrepreneurship education as well as its correct perception, which due to technological changes has been diluted over the next centuries. Man’s inventions may turn out to be as lethal as they are beautiful, which is why it is our duty to prepare for profound transformations that assume the almost complete digitization of every sphere of our lives. Artificial intelligence, 5G technology, 3D/4D printing and the Internet of Things are new civilization elements whose mastery is necessary for the security and survival of subsequent decades in the economy 4.0.
EN
Security is an important element and an important factor of the development and attractiveness of the territory. This factor is increasingly taken into account by both investors and individuals. Polish accession to the EU and NATO was a great opportunity and the possibility for development of crisis management system. Many changes took place also within the country (reforms, changes in legislation, etc.). These activities help to build a more efficient system, not only in terms of security but also in crisis management system. One of the elements of crisis management system – is a communication system - which allows us to maintain a high level of safety. The purpose of this article is to describe and characterize of the communication systems – which are used in crisis management in Poland.
EN
Constitution of the Republic guarantees every citizen freedom and the free hand in peaceful assembly and active participation in various mass events. The task of the organizers and the local authorities is to ensure the safety of all participants. This article is an attempt to define the duties and tasks performed by local authorities - in the field of the safety of public events and meetings conducted in Poland.
PL
Celem artykułu jest określenie roli standardów zapewnienia jakości i narzędzi doskonalenia procesów w działaniach przedsiębiorstw sektora logistycznego. W opracowaniu starano się zwrócić szczególną uwagę na wymagania stawiane podmiotom gospodarczym działającym w tym sektorze przez klientów (producentów oraz sieci handlowe) w zakresie zapewnienia jakości oferowanych usług związanych z transportem i magazynowaniem powierzanych towarów. Wymagania klientów koncentrują się głównie na wdrożeniu systemowego zarządzania (opartego na wdrożeniu wymagań standardu ISO 9001) oraz na zapewnieniu bezpieczeństwa w odniesieniu do wyrobów, takich jak artykuły spożywcze, produkty elektroniczne czy chemiczne. Analizując działania przedsiębiorstw sektora logistycznego, można dostrzec także, iż chcąc zwiększać swoją przewagę konkurencyjną, wdrażają one także inne narzędzia systemowe związane z zarządzaniem środowiskowym, zarządzaniem bezpieczeństwem (pracy, informacji, łańcuchem dostaw), a także koncepcję zarządzania ciągłością działania.
EN
The aim of this article is to define the role of quality assurance standards as well as tools for process improvement in the activities of companies in the logistics sector. The paper pays particular attention to the requirements of commercial enterprises (manufacturers and retailers) in ensuring the quality of logistic services related to the transport and storage of goods entrusted. Customer requirements are mainly focused on the implementation of the management system (based on the implementation of the ISO 9001 standard) and others safety standards ensure the safety for products such as food, electronic products and chemicals. Analyzing the activities of enterprises in the logistics sector can also be observed that wanting to increase their competitive advantage the logistic operators implement also other tools for process improvements related to environmental management, security management (work, information management, supply chain) as well as the concept of business continuity management.
EN
According to the legally binding directives concerning strategy, public safety is one of the fields of the state’s activity that is subjected to dynamic transformation. That is the result of the changes that occur within security area in international and national aspect. These changes indicate that this kind of security is one of the crucial meaning. Its essence concerns citizens’ safety in all subjects of state’s functioning. In order to carry out tasks within this area, public security system has been appointed that is a part of the state’s internal system of security. Due to its goals, public security system cooperates with many elements of the state security system that determines its effectiveness.
EN
The main purpose of my work is to present the determinants and dependencies that characterize the Russian-Chechen relations for international political and economic security in the former Soviet Union and the Middle East, especially the Russian Federation. At the beginning, I intend to trace the process of the Chechen war and consolidate the power of the current leader of the country, Ramzan Kadyrov with the help of the President Russia, Vladimir Putin. At the same time, I will present the geopolitical significance of Chechnya in the international security system. In the following, I would like to present the implications of Russian-Chechen relations for other countries of the former USSR area- Ukraine, where in all probability Chechen “volunteers” participated in the fighting in Donbas. Finally, an important element of this work will be signaling, that President Kadyrov, despite aware of the Kremlin’s dependence on many matters, especially in economic terms, is starting to pursue an increasingly independent policy, as exemplified by the growing islamization of Chechnya, the participation of Chechen the Syrian conflict, Kadyrov active participation in the persecution of the Russian opposition, and finally the defense by the Chechen policy of the Muslim population of Rohingya in Myanmar against Moscow abstemious position. I would like to present the possible consequences of the above actions for the Russian Federation. It is not a secret that President Putin, despite the declared support for Kadyrov, is increasingly disapproving of some of his actions. In addition, it will be reasonable to present the reception of Kadyrov’s activities in other post-Soviet areas. In summary, I intend to answer the question whether major changes in the relations of both countries should be expected – and whether and how any changes will affect the architecture of international security.
RU
Главная цель моей работы – это представление обусловленности и зависимости, характеризующих российско-чеченские отношения для международной политической и экономической безопасности на территории бывшего Советского Союза, Ближнего Востока, а особенно Российской Федерации. Сначала я намереваюсь проследить процесс чеченской войны и укрепление власти нынешнего главы республики Рамзана Кадырова с помощью президента России Владимира Путина. Одновременно я представлю геополитическое значение Чечни в международной системе безопасности. Далее я хотел бы представить последствия российско-чеченских отношений для других стран постсоветского пространства, например, для Украины, где вероятнее всего чеченские «добровольцы» участвовали в боях в Донбассе. И, наконец, важным элементом данной работы будет постановка тезиса, что президент Кадыров, несмотря на осознаваемую зависимость от Кремля во многих сферах, особенно в экономическом плане, начинает вести все более самостоятельную политику, примером чего является возрастающая исламизация Чечни, участие чеченцев в конфликте в Сирии, активное участие Кадырова в преследовании российской оппозиции и, наконец, защита чеченским политиком мусульманского населения рохинджа в Бирме вопреки сдержанной позиции Москвы. Я хотел бы представить возможные последствия вышеупомянутых действий для Российской Федерации. Не секрет, что президент Путин, невзирая на декларируемую поддержку для Кадырова, все с меньшим одобрением смотрит на некоторые его начинания. Кроме того, сообразным будет представить восприятие действий Кадырова в других странах постсоветского пространства. Подводя итоги, я попытаюсь ответить на вопрос, следует ли ожидать существенных изменений в российско-чеченских взаимоотношениях, а также или и какие возможные изменения повлияют на структуру международной безопасности?
PL
Ważnym elementem ciągle rozwijającej się branży turystycznej w Polsce jest transport. Jedną z form tego transportu są przewozy autokarowe. Celem opracowania jest poznanie opinii pasażerów o kryteriach doboru środka transportu osób korzystających z transportu autobusowego. W artykule scharakteryzowano zasady bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego, w szczególności warunki techniczne dla autokarów i wymagania dla kierujących.
EN
Transport is an important element of the constantly developing tourism industry in Poland. One of the forms of this transport is coach transport. The purpose of the study is to find out the opinions of passengers about the criteria for selecting the means of transport for people using coach transport. The article characterizes the rules of road traffic safety, in particular technical conditions for coaches and requirements for drivers
EN
The Customs Service, often perceived as a revenue collector, is taking up the role of a guardian of security and safety of trade in goods. While performing these functions, the Customs Service operates in such a way as to meet the expectations of economic operators. Operators involved in lawful business activities expect from customs authorities combating the black economy in illegitimate goods trade on one hand, as well as reducing control measures on the other, as they negatively affect the time and costs of doing business. As a result of the strategy implemented by the Customs Service for operators, the catalogue of solutions, which facilitate the customs procedures has been expanded significantly. Some of the implemented solutions not only make the customs process easier, thus facilitating running a business, but also constitute a positive measure taken by customs authorities in the process of providing security and safety of the market. The aim of the present paper is to characterize the most significant solutions as well as to assess their impact on the effectiveness of actions taken by customs authorities in the process of ensuring security and safety of trade.
PL
Służba Celna, postrzegana najczęściej jako poborca podatkowy, obecnie pełni także funkcję strażnika bezpieczeństwa i ochrony obrotu towarowego. Wypełniając tę funkcję, Służba Celna stara się działać tak, by odpowiadać oczekiwaniom podmiotów gospodarczych. Przedsiębiorcy prowadzący legalną działalność gospodarczą oczekują od organów celnych z jednej strony skutecznego ograniczania szarej strefy w zakresie obrotu nielegalnymi towarami, a z drugiej ograniczenia działań kontrolnych, które niekorzystnie wpływają na czas i koszty prowadzenia działalności. W efekcie strategii realizowanej przez Służbę Celną wobec przedsiębiorców katalog ułatwień stosowanych w obsłudze celnej został znacząco rozbudowany. Niektóre z wprowadzonych rozwiązań nie tylko upraszczają obsługę celną, a tym samym prowadzenie działalności przez przedsiębiorców, ale są także pozytywnym elementem działań podejmowanych przez organy celne w obszarze bezpieczeństwa i ochrony rynku. Charakterystyka najważniejszych rozwiązań, a także ocena ich wpływu na skuteczność działań podejmowanych przez organy celne w procesie zapewniania bezpieczeństwa i ochrony obrotu towarowego jest celem niniejszej publikacji.
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