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Folklore as an Escape? Programmes with folklore content broadcasted by the Czechoslovak Television at the turn of the 1960s and 1970s

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Kruml M.

Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

2020

issue 1

26 - 35

The article monitors the Czechoslovak Television broadcast at the time of totalitarian regime, meaning at the turn of the 1960s and 1970s, when the number of programmes with folklore content increased alongside with the growing television offer. These programmes were produced mainly by the Bratislava studio, and a part of them were broadcasted also outside the Slovak broadcasting range. After 1969, when the second channel was launched and simultaneously many planned programmes were cancelled and many already produced programmes were archived for ideological reasons, the offer of folklore considerably increased in television broadcast. For several creators, folklore (even though in a form resembling rather music and entertainment shows) was a welcomed topic due to which they were not forced to become involved in current affairs programmes and documentary production at the time of normalization. It was especially the Brno studio that was active in this regard. Due to the shortage of capacity, this studio had to make the considerably part of its production in exteriors, and folk music, folk costumes and traditions became an interesting background for entertainment and a theme for current affairs programmes, especially after the television started broadcasting in colour. During the monitored period, the production of programmes with folklore content increased in the Ostrava studio as well. This was not a result of a conceptual decision or an intention of the Czechoslovak Television to record folklore in particular regions of the Czech Republic, but a personal initiative of people who wanted to work for the television, but not at any cost.

Depiction of the Countryside in the Czech Film in the Early 1950s on the Example of the Film Slepice a kostelník [The Hen and the Sexton]

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Bednařík P.

Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

2020

issue 1

13 - 25

Czechoslovak film Slepice a kostelník [The Hen and the Sexton] was premiered in 1951. Its directors Oldřich Lipský and Jan Strejček made the film based on a theatre play by Jaroslav Zrotal. The movie is an example in which way the then Czechoslovak communist propaganda depicted the Czech countryside of that time. The film included topics accentuated by the totalitarian propaganda – the fight against acts of sabotage, the importance of collectivization of the agricultural sector, the worker-peasant alliance, and the task of young generation. Simultaneously, the movie worked with the expressions of folk culture, when it was shot in the ethnographic area of Slovácko (in the Uherský Brod environs). The creators used local folk costumes and folklore (folk songs and dances). Prague actors tried to speak local dialect of the Slovácko region. The film can be placed in the context of the then Czechoslovak cinematography, which, based on the resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia from April 1950, was supposed to deal mainly with ongoing topics of the then society, and to capture them in the spirit of socialist realism.

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2 Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

1 Bednařík P.

1 Kruml M.

2 2020

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Folklore as an Escape? Programmes with folklore content broadcasted by the Czechoslovak Television at the turn of the 1960s and 1970s

Depiction of the Countryside in the Czech Film in the Early 1950s on the Example of the Film Slepice a kostelník [The Hen and the Sexton]