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EN
This text focuses on the issue of war in Afghanistan from 1979–1989 and its realities. The lexicon associated with the everyday life of Afghanistan civilians and Soviet soldiers was analysed. The observations indicate that additional information appears more often in the translated text, which makes it much more transparent for the final recipient. This fact was confirmed by the statistical data, only one footnote can be found in the Polish text and 173 in the Russian text.
EN
In this study the materials dealing with the Soviet realities published in Warsaw by the Russian emigrants’ weekly “Mech” during a year period (the first 45 issues) are analyzed. The analysis constitutes a segment of historical and political context prevailing at that time in Poland, especially of its complex relations with the Soviet Union. In retrospect one can observe a distinct turn in the weekly’s activity explained partly by a change of its form - from a magazine to newspaper (issue 21) which demanded replacement of is analytic way by more informative attitude and partly by separation from emigrant centre in Paris. The air of publications reflected difficult situation of the emigrants, though all information this way or another dealing with the Soviets was filled with biting comments and sheer anti-Soviet rhetoric. Also a clear quantitative tendency is shown in the number of the Soviets related publications, from 1-3 in the initial period up to 11-13 by the end of the period under the study. The scope of issues was also widening embracing economy, political life, repression, education, Soviet manhood, etc. The publication type change is also traced evolving to a more eye-witness, document support, interview, Soviet source mentioning, citation from contemporary Soviet literature depicting real life columnistic kind. The material analyzed gives much food for thought about the character of the Russian identity and its tragic split.
PL
This text is an attempt to acquaint the reader with the writer’s biography of Oleg Grigoryev, a Russian poet and a representative of “the literary underground”. His works can be classified as urban folklore. Most of his poems are full of harsh irony, which may shock with its dark humour. Grigoryev often resorts to the poetics of the absurd, which may lead a keen reader to the conclusion that he is close to the creative actions of the poetic group of the Oberiuty with Daniil Kharms and Alexander Vvedenski as their main representatives. In this light, Grigoryev’s poetry can be interpreted as a reflection of the dark Soviet reality in which he lived and with which he struggled. Such an attitude surely did not help him in succeeding within the official Russian literature.
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