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EN
This article is devoted to the analysis and interpretation of the status of things in the narrative world of short stories by Stefan Grabiński which make up The Motion Demon collection (1919). The background for particular stories is railway infrastructure and the protagonists are railway men and sometimes passengers. When analyzing this work attention is usually paid to characteristic figures it introduces; the analyses carried out by the author prove, however, that the status of a protagonist may, to some extent, be ascribed to rail installations. They are frequently personified – both by the narrator and the protagonists themselves. The frequently used personification cannot be explained merely by Grabiński’s stylistic tendency. The railway instruments (signal devices, telegraphs), rail tracks and engines are presented as agents of a different status than humans, but vital to events and situations. Rail equipment serves certain people to achieve the state of higher consciousness or a higher stage of development. One could say that it somehow collaborates with those who want to ascend above the pragmatism of a train trip. This is what happens e.g. in the story called Engine Driver Grot, where the title character, thanks to the rail machine may finally transcend the boundaries of human existence; similarly in The Siding, where the train transfers the passengers to a higher form of existence, to vanishing in outer space. Thus, machines here are not so much practical tools as something that supports and supplements human capability. That motif of collaboration with a super-human machine along with the high status of railway devices in the narrative world of Grabiński’s short stories, compared with modern concepts of transhumanism, shows large similarities.
EN
This article suggests reading Grabiński’s story called False Alarm through realistic elements present in it. The literary work by the author of The Motion Demon seems to resist the poetics of realistic writing, however its elements appear in many novellas. In this article False Alarm is treated as a tale revealing the mechanisms of realism itself, understood as making up a narration which remains in close relation with reality outside the text. Using the tools of Lacan’s psychoanalysis, Grabiński may be seen as a writer who protects the realism of reality, showing that it always includes some inexplicable remainder beyond symbolic meaning, unable to be integrated in rationalized reasoning. That “remainder” requires making use of an uncanny tale, however it allows us to see to what extent Grabiński aimed at describing reality with all its unpredictability and inexplicability.
EN
The article entitled ‘Spaces transformed (Creation of the world in prose on Stefan Grabiński) focuses on the issues of creating and describing reality in Grabiński’s prose. I will pay meticulous attention to the so-called ‘transformed spaces’. The reflections include in this work concerning the problem of space as myth and the most important problem: obsession of space and spaces damned. The article concerns the complex issue of the space and relation between space to man describing in this prose. Also concerns the spaces illusory, significant use of metaphors of dreams and vision. Article concerns with the problem of moved in Grabiński’s prose and problem that the human mind is priority element, which may creating the world. Grabiński is fascinated by multi-existence. Man and the world are not one-dimensional in his works. There is a multiplicity of realities. In this reality man is lonely and feels alienated from the surrounding spaces but also he' s co-existenent trapped inside them.
EN
The article is devoted to the issue of so called "grabińszczyzna", that is the influence of Stefan Grabiński's (1887-1936) literary works on the writers of his time. A detailed analysis refers to a chosen aspect of this phenomenon: the influence of Grabiński's literary works (especially The Motion Demon short stories collection) on Janusz Meisnner's (1901-1978) interwar "aviation" short stories. The first part of the study constitutes an introduction to the problem of "grabińszczyzna": it describes this phenomenon and shows its origin and development. The second part is an attempt to make comparative analysis applied to Grabiński and Meissner's short stories: it defines the specific character of traced associations and filiations basing on the typological classification of Dionýz Ďurišin. The third part focuses on the variety of innovations and differences found in Meissner's short stories in reference to Grabiński's source works. These analyses lead to assumption that Meissner was not only a mere follower of Grabiński, but also an "adaptor" of his fantastic fiction. It is worth to emphasize that the phenomenon of "grabińszczyzna"has not met with thorough critical studies yet, nevertheless it may serve as a crucial source of information in the studies on the reception of Grabiński's fantastic prose, proving its unique popularity during interwar period.
EN
The following essay is dedicated to a particular way of the creation of space and places by Grabinski in his novels. These spaces can be both analysed as an action scenes and as an important part of the story building up the overall horror atmosphere. An aptly constructed space can evoke the impression of fear and danger. Together with other irrational incidents in the storis, space co-creates the very atmosphere in the novels by Stefan Grabinski. It must not, however, be forgotten that this space can as well be fully meaningful by itself. The evil houses play a particular horror-bearing role in the Grabinski's literary creations. It is said that such literary figures represent a hidden core of the human nature, as if they were two emmanations of the personality's structure combining both the waking life and the sphere of dreaming. Space so originally thought by Grabinski is a means to their symbolic presentations as weird, unconscious yet always active reality.
EN
The author laid out an interpretation Stephan Grabiński's Shadow of Bafomet with aspect of inspirations, the most important in his writings. After revealing, how Grabiński attorned to literature his view of world, author taped deductions to explain the most problematic parts of literary work, which he analyzed. By dint of this approach, Shadow of Bafomet was pointed as writing integrating all of the most Grabiński's inspirations. In conclusion, he presented possible consequences and sequels these cogitations - the most important of them is exhaustion of Grabiński's novel to canvass not only novelist's writings, but also whole weird fiction genre.
EN
2012 marked an informal jubilee of Stefan Grabiński on account of his 125th birth anniversary. That is why within the project titled “Grabiński, Grotesque and Horror” a series of academic and cultural events were organized, highlighting the meaning of the title phenomena in the Polish mentality in recent years. It turns out that the idea which originated in Przemyśl found plenty of followers in many other towns in Poland, What is more, there were a lot of initiatives devoted to Grabiński in 2012 though not implemented under the project. This shows a great revival of interest in Grabiński. This article, whose first part was published a year ago (“Pokłosie Roku Stefana Grabińskiego”, Rocznik Przemyski 2012, vol. 47, issue 2 Language and Literature) is an attempt to discuss the most important of the mentioned events from March until the end of 2012.
EN
The manuscript found in the collections of the National Ossoliński Institute in Wrocław is a brief reminiscence about Stefan Grabiński (1887-1936) – eminent prewar prose writer and teacher in Przemyśl and Lvov schools, written by his student, Kornel Balawender, from the time when the writer worked as a teacher of Polish in the Teacher Training Seminary for Men in Lvov (1921-1929).
XX
In this article author presents the history of critical reception of first Stefan Grabinski's drama. By analyzing the reviews, he tries to determine which of its elements were a decisive factor in the overall negative evaluation of the writer's creation. Critics pointed out, that Grabinski do not understand the rules of constructing a drama, his works lack necessary action and characters seem unnatural. All in all, the flaws were concluded as one major flaw named "novelization of the drama", which means The mansion by the sea is too similar to prose in terms of composition, etc.
EN
The period of study in the life of Stefan Grabiński has not, as yet, been widely discussed or analysed. There have been mentions in literature of the writer's great erudition and the importance of environment that formed him. However, a thorough analysis aimed at showing the actual influence of particular people on intellectual development of Polish Poe has not been conducted. This article fills the gap, basing on archival materials such as student directories of Lviv University Department of Philosophy and Grabiński's exam file. A list of lectures which he attended made it possible to reconstruct names of particular professors and fellow-students who may have influenced his horizons. It also served as a source of information about the writer's address details during his academic years. Moreover, it has been presented that Grabiński's erudition was, to a large extent, a result of his tremendous diligence, hard work and reliability in performing duties, as well as familiarity with the world of Lviv's intellectuals of that time.
EN
Through an analysis of several short stories by Stefan Grabiński, the article aims to show that his narrative is based on the principle of a metaphorical mirror, which exposes the dual nature of the world: matter and spirit, good and evil, world and afterworld, inner reality and outer reality. The reflected image of the world does not coincide with the real one. That image in the mirror is beyond human reason and appears as a terrifying truth and as the profound chaos of the soul. Grabiński develops the doubling of reality, which is present – with different meanings – not only in philosophical, religious, psychological and psychoanalytic thought, but also in the field of the paranormal and of parapsychology, through the theme of the double.
XX
The paper is an attempt to read the short novel by Stefan Grabinski entitled: The Blind Man's Bluff, as a particular literary genre. Key of the game called blind man's bluff lies in getting one or more participants eyes closed or covered; this game therefore can be taken as a metaphor of such a writing activity that is disconnected from reality, or fixed on individual imaginations and fantasies. The main character of the short novel, named Grześ Lutomski, is successively fading away from reality to a complete isolation, gradually limiting himself to the world of his subjective projections. As an example we can find Grzes entertaining himself in an empty room which is however full of his own fantasies. This type of creative activity does not let voices from the outside in, namely -from the real world, it's closed and inclusive. According to Grabinski this particular type of writing is too self-centered and therefore unfruitful and unsuccesful.
EN
The author discusses the major forms in which Stefan Grabiński was present in the academic discourse in Przemyśl in the 20th and early 21st centuries. He presents the rise of the 2011 initiative to commemorate the writer’s 125th birth anniversary, which between November 2011 and December 2012 took form of a series of various events. He explains what motivated the organizers of the anniversary celebrations which began in November 2011, on Grabiński’s 75th death anniversary. Then he discusses the first initiatives of the whole-year undertaking (until February 2012).
EN
In Stefan Grabiński’s works, the artist often uses metaphors to attribute anthropomorphic phenomena to non-human ones. This sketch is an attempt to look at examples of anthropomorphic metaphors in Stefan Grabiński`s novellas in terms of their ideological and artistic functions. The aim of this analysis is to verify whether the use of anthropomorphic metaphors is connected with attributing created worlds with non-realistic properties. For this purpose, it is worth interpreting and explaining the treatments used by the author, including their linguistic aspect, asking the question about the relation between the employed stylistic means and the effect of the created image of reality, and about the consequences of this way of constructing the world presented in Grabiński’s works.
PL
In Stefan Grabiński’s works, the artist often uses metaphors to attribute anthropomorphic phenomena to non-human ones. This sketch is an attempt to look at examples of anthropomorphic metaphors in Stefan Grabiński`s novellas in terms of their ideological and artistic functions. The aim of this analysis is to verify whether the use of anthropomorphic metaphors is connected with attributing created worlds with non-realistic properties. For this purpose, it is worth interpreting and explaining the treatments used by the author, including their linguistic aspect, asking the question about the relation between the employed stylistic means and the effect of the created image of reality, and about the consequences of this way of constructing the world presented in Grabiński’s works.
PL
W niniejszym tekście autor stara się zrealizować dwa postawione sobie cele: po pierwsze, możliwie wyczerpująco zinterpretować nowelę Stefana Grabińskiego pt. W domu Sary, klasycznie analizując wszystkie występujące w niej motywy tak, by do zebranych wniosków innych interpretatorów dołożyć także swoje koncepcje. Stanowić ma to wszystko tło – punkt wyjścia – do realizacji celu drugiego: próby psychoanalitycznej interpretacji fabuły utworu, a w szczególności postaci tytułowej Sary. Zestawia wreszcie poczynioną w duchu Lacana psychoanalizę z faktami z biografii autora, by ocenić słuszność wysnutych przez siebie wniosków.
EN
In this article author attempts to realise two chosen by him objectives: firstly, to interpret a short story by Stefan Grabiński, W domu Sary, as comprehensively as it is possible, conventionally analising all performing there themes, so he will be able to add his concepts to gathered conclusions of other interpretators. It is a background – starting point – for realising second goal: try of psychoanalysis interpretation of the plot, and especially the title figure, Sara. Eventually, he balances psychoanalysis made in spirit of Lacan with facts from biography of writer, to measure validity of drawn conclusions.
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