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Task conditions and short-term memory search: two-phase model of STM search

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Orzechowski J., Nęcka E., Balas R.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

2016

vol. 47

issue 1

12-20

Short-term memory (STM) search, as investigated within the Sternberg paradigm, is usually described as exhaustive rather than self-terminated, although the debate concerning these issues is still hot. We report three experiments employing a modified Sternberg paradigm and show that whether STM search is exhaustive or self-terminated depends on task conditions. Specifically, STM search self-terminates as soon as a positive match is found, whereas exhaustive search occurs when the STM content does not contain a searched item. Additionally, we show that task conditions influence whether familiarity- or recollection-based strategies dominate STM search performance. Namely, when speeding up the tempo of stimuli presentation increases the task demands, people use familiarity-based retrieval more often, which results in faster but less accurate recognition judgments. We conclude that STM search processes flexibly adapt to current task conditions and finally propose two-phase model of STM search.

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1 Polish Psychological Bulletin

1 Balas R.

1 Nęcka E.

1 Orzechowski J.

1 2016

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Task conditions and short-term memory search: two-phase model of STM search