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Attentional bias and emotion in older adults: Age-related differences in responses to an emotional Stroop task

100%
Dunajska M., Szymanik A., Trempała J.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2012
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vol. 43
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issue 2
86-92
EN
The purpose of the study was to examine whether older adults show an emotional interference effect in a Stroop task, and whether their RTs differ with regard to age, gender and tendencies of mood regulation (to improvement and/or deterioration). The sample consisted of 60 participants at the age from 65 to 85. Emotional version of Stroop task and the Mood Regulation Scales were used. The results showed no significant differences in RTs to emotional and neutral words. Unexpectedly, a speeding effect was observed with the age of women. It appeared also that the effect of mood regulation tendencies was not significant for RTs. The last two effects are not consistent with the literature on cognitive and emotional aging.
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Badanie kontroli wykonawczej za pomocą Testu Interferencji Stroopa u chorych na schizofrenię i osób z uszkodzeniami płatów czołowych

100%
Okruszek Ł., Rutkowska A.
Polskie Forum Psychologiczne
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2013
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vol. 18
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issue 2
215-225
EN
The aim of this paper is to compare susceptibility to the Stroop effect in men with schizophrenia and in men with frontal lobe lesions. A sample of 90 men participated in the study. They were divided into three groups: men with schizophrenia (n = 30), men with localized frontal lobe lesions (n = 30) and healthy men (n = 30) as a control group. Significant differences measures found between controls and men with schizophrenia in all of the analyzed variable (Control task execution time p < 0,001; Interference task execution time: p < 0,001; Difference between two times p < 0,05). Men with frontal lobe lesions differed significantly from healthy controls in the terms of speed of the task execution (Control task execution time p < 0,01; Interference task execution time: p < 0,01), but were no more prone to the Stroop effect than healthy controls. No significant differences were found between schizophrenia and frontal lobe lesion groups.
3
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The Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Inhibitory Control and interference Control in Athletes and Non-athletes

88%
Shabahang A., Abedanzadeh R., Ramezanzadeh H.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2022
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vol. 53
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issue 3
4
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Immersive virtual reality as a social research environment. The impact of the presence of an embodied agent on the Stroop task performance based on own research

45%
Walas A.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Sociologica
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2023
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issue 86
5-21
PL
Badaniom poddany został wpływ obecności innych osób (fizycznego obserwatora i ucieleśnionych agentów) na wykonanie zadania Stroopa w immersyjnym środowisku wirtualnej rzeczywistości (VR). Opierając się na pracach przeprowadzonych przez Pascala Hugueta i współpracowników, którzy badali efekty facylitacji i hamowania społecznego w tradycyjnych warunkach laboratoryjnych za pomocą testu Stroopa, obecne badanie miało na celu przetestowanie tych efektów w warunkach VR. Uczestnicy zostali podzieleni na cztery grupy, z których każda przebadana była w innych warunkach – wykonując zadanie samodzielnie, ze świadomością bycia obserwowanym lub w obecności wcielonych agentów (formalnie ubranego dr Piotra lub nieformalnie Piotrka). W celu oceny wyników przeprowadzono jednoczynnikową analizę wariancji (ANOVA) dla niezależnych próbek. Wyniki wykazały znaczną redukcję interferencji Stroopa, gdy uczestnicy byli świadomi tego, że są obserwowani przez eksperymentatora. Jednak obecność ucieleśnionych agentów w środowisku VR, niezależnie od ich ubioru czy sposobu przedstawienia, nie wpłynęła znacząco na poziom wykonania zadania. Wyniki nie tylko potwierdziły występowanie efektu interferencji Stroopa w warunkach VR, porównaniu z tradycyjnymi warunkami laboratoryjnymi, ale także zasugerowały, że obecność społeczna eksperymentatora może poprawić wydajność wykonywania zadań w środowisku VR. Nie zaobserwowano jednak znaczącego wpływu obecności ucieleśnionego agenta. Obserwacje te mogą znacznie przyczynić się do rozwoju aplikacji VR. Jednak potrzebne są dalsze badania, w których uwzględnione zostaną takie czynniki, jak wielkość próby i realizm ucieleśnionych agentów.
EN
This empirical study examined the effects of the presence of others (physical observers and embodied agents) on the performance of the Stroop task within an immersive virtual reality (VR) environment. Drawing from the research conducted by Pascal Huguet and his colleagues, who explored the social facilitation and inhibition effects in traditional lab conditions using the Stroop test, the current study sought to test these effects in VR conditions. Participants were divided into four groups, each experiencing different conditions – performing the task alone, under the awareness of being observed, or in the presence of embodied agents (formally dressed as Dr. Piotr or casually as Piotrek). A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for independent samples was conducted to evaluate the results. Findings showed a significant reduction in Stroop interference when participants were aware of being observed by the experimenter. However, the presence of embodied agents in the VR environment, regardless of their regardless of their dress or manner of presentation, did not significantly influence the results. These results not only confirmed the occurrence of the Stroop interference effect in VR conditions, comparable to traditional lab conditions, but they also suggested that the social presence of the experimenter could enhance task performance in the VR environment. There was no significant influence observed from the presence of embodied agents, though. These observations can greatly contribute to the development of VR. However, further research is required to expand these findings, considering factors such as sample size and realism of embodied agents.
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