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EN
In 1793, Szadek and the most of Greater Poland became a part of a new province named Southern Prussia by the conquerors. The town was subject to public administration (Kriegs- und Domanenkammer) in Piotrkow, moved to Kalisz in 1798. At the same time, the centuries-old ties were severed. The town of Szadek and the activities of its inhabitants were similar to those in other urban centres of the region, except Kalisz and Piotrkow. Agriculture was the basis of existence for a large part of the townspeople. It determined the wealth, or rather the poverty of the inhabitants. During the period, there was a population growth in the town from 671 to 1165 people - which means an increase of 74%. Most of the residents were soldiers deployed in the town with their families. A fire which took place on the 1911‘ October 1802 caused great devastation - 54 houses were burnt down. By the end of Prussian rule, the number of buildings was lower than in 1793. However, some new houses were built of durable materials. The reign of Prussians lasted for nearly 14 years. It ended after the defeat in the war with France in 1806. The inhabitants of Polish lands expected quick arrival of the victorious armies of Napoleon and declaration on the future of the lands reclaimed from Prussians.
EN
The coat of arms for the town and commune of Szadek was designed and approved in 1990, in accordance with law in force at that time. It was, however, done without consulting heraldists and historians specializing in municipal coats of arms from the period of I Republic of Poland, or persons professionally designing emblems for contemporary municipalities. Consequently, a number of mistakes were made, the most important being that it only partly resembles the town’s heraldic arms from the mid-16th century or the coat of arms from the 17th century, which was incorporated in the altar of Szadek’s parish church to commemorate the citizens who donated funds for its equipment and decoration. According to current quidelines for re-creating coats of arms of urban communes, a municipality should have as its heraldic symbol the historic coat of arms of its capital town or city. Relevant sources indicate that the new emblem of the town and commune of Szadek should contain a city wall with an open gate and three battlemented towers, the exact shape depending on which tradition – 16th or 17th century – is recalled. As regards the heraldic colours, the new coat of arms should have red walls on a golden shield (like that from the 17th century), although a white background is also found for Szadek in publications on heraldic arms of Polish towns and cities.
EN
Szadek is a town of medieval origin, established in the early 12th century. At the time when it was granted city rights it acquired both new features and a new spatial arrangement with a four-sided square in its center. This square, along with the building frontages, still constitutes a major urban interior, whose characteristics substantially influence the perception of the city. This article aims to show changes in the spatial development of Szadek square over the last half century. During this period its appearance, the manner it is used and its functions have undergone substantial changes. The reason for this transformation is that the town square played in the early postwar years the role of a market place where markets were held weekly, while now it functions as a representative central meeting place for recreation, and its paved surface is now transformed into a square filled with greenery.
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The journal “Kaliszanin” issued in Kalisz in 1870–1892 published central and local government decrees, information about the city and its neighborhood, historical articles, theatre reviews, political, economic and cultural news, literature, reports on the activity of social organizations, letters from readers, and correspondence from the country and from abroad. This article reviews the correspondence sent from Szadek to the journal, which provides an interesting source of information about the town and the surrounding area in the second half of 19th century.
EN
This contribution aims to recreate the picture of underground educational activity in Szadek and its neighborhood during the period of German occupation in Poland (1939–1945). The information has been collected through interviews with the inhabitants of Szadek. It presents the persons who played outstanding roles in teaching Polish children and young people despite the severe punishment that it might entail. September 1939 was the beginning of the invaders’ educational policy, designed to eliminate Polish intelligentsia and to destroy Polish education and culture. Very soon Polish schools in Szadek, Przatów, Wilamów and Rzepiszew were closed. The teachers who remained in Szadek, despite being dislodged from their homes, showed great courage and dedication to secret teaching of Polish children. Under the pretext of teaching German they taught Polish, history, geography and mathematics. The persons who rendered the greatest services in this field in Szadek were: Helena Nawrocka, Olga Chominówna, Zofia Rutkowska and postman Kazimierz Sadowski.
EN
This paper presents the results of research conducted on the book Tikun lel Szawuot we-Hoszana raba, which Was printed in 1844 in Warszawa, and today belongs to the collection of the Museum of the History of Zduńska Wola. A stamp inside of the book, stating “Jsydor Szykier, SZADEK”, Was the starting point of the research and of this paper. The authors have attempted to find out how this book, which belonged to a resident of Szadek, made its Way to Zduńska Wola, and at the same time reconstruct a chapter in the history of the Szykier family. It is also a great opportunity to tell about Jewish genealogy customs. The authors have conducted their research in the National Archives in Sieradz and Łódź, and used selected research findings of Klauzińska's PhD dissertation, based on the answers of a large sample of Jewish genealogists
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Nearly 15 thousand Polish prisoners-of-war were concentrated by Soviets in three main camps in Kozielsk, Starobielsk and Ostaszków. Among their number Were about 300 persons connected with Sieradz region through place of service, birth or residence. By decision of the Political Bureau of the USSR of 5 March 1940, NKWD functionaries killed no less than 21 768 Polish citiens. Victims of this crime Were buried in collective graves in Katyń near Smoleńsk, Miednoje near Twer, or Piatichatki in the suburb of Charkov. Five of the Victims are linked to Szadek (three through place of birth and two through place of residence and Work): Wojciech Patora, Władysław Franciszek Piekielny, Piotr Werecki, Stanisław Ludwisiak and Jan Lizjusz. The text includes their short profiles.
PL
The Szadek deanery, which covered an area of approximately 1,680 km2, was the largest within the Archdeaconate of Uniejow. It Was established rather early - at the beginning of the 1611? century. In 1720, there Were 24 parishes and two af?liated churches. Visitation records from 1683-1763 show a decline in the Catholic population of the parishes of this deanery. Only a few of them experienced demographic growth. The percentage of the Jewish population, however, increased signi?cantly. War, diseases and impoverishment were factors contributing to changes in the social fabrics in terms ofoccupations, religious beliefs and ethnic composition in the territory ofthe aforementioned deanery. This was the context in which the deans ofthe Szadek deanery conducted their pastoral activities. They were responsible for the pastoral care of and the faithful and the clergy in their parishes. Names of the deans of the Szadek deanery can be found on pages of the Uniejow consistory. Their personal signatures are also contained in visitation records and metrical books. On this basis, it can be concluded that deans were usually appointed from among the parish priests of lager parishes, who enjoyed a high level of respect, trust and esteem granted by both fellow priests and the Ordinary. They were often elderly priests with vast pastoral experiences. The of?ce ofthe dean was generally associated with the provostry in Widawa and the presbytery in Rusiec.
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This article spans the period from prehistoric times to the early Middle Ages. It presents the history of pre- and post- war history of research carried out on the territory of the present-day commune of Szadek, and a short review of the history of settlement in this region with a list of archaeological sites in the area. The earliest archaeological works were conducted there in the second half of the 19th century, when a cinerary-urn cemetery was found in the “Old Town” and amateur-archaeologists made discoveries in the neighbourhood of Piaski. A particularly interesting excavation site is in Przyrownica (Wola Łobudzka) with a Przeworsk culture cemetery, which was functioning for about 200 years.
EN
Sand hills, dunes and sand sheets are eolian landforms, on which specific sensitive ecosystems develop. They are characteristic feature of many areas situated in central Poland. Sandy areas with dunes are also found in the commune of Szadek. Wind-deposited sand bodies have accumulated on moraine plains, outwashes and floodplain terraces in the valleys of the Pichna and Brodnia rivers. Eolian formations have various shapes, With predominance of parabolic dunes, ridges and sand hills. They are built of fine-grained and coarser sands l-10 meters thick. Quartz dominates in their mineral composition. Sand de posits are characterized by high permeability, which is why they produce dry ecosystems. Arid sands are covered by low-class pod sols, easily eroded by wind. For that reason this type of ecosystems should remain afforested, as the cutting down of trees can result in blowing away the soil and eventually destruction of the entire formation. Such situations are known to have happened in the past. In the commune of Szadek, the majority of the dunes are overgrown with forest, which is the most advantageous solution.
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Father Jan Julian Wiatr (1907–1983) had already spent 17 years in pastoral work before he became the vicar in Szadek: first as curate and prefect in Lipno (1933–1934), then as priest among Polish emigrants in France (1934–1947) and as administrator of the parishes of Chojne and Dąbrowa Wielka (1947–1950). The next 17 years of pastoral work in Szadek are the most effective period of his life. His main concern was ministration to his parishioners and provision of religious educations to all children and young people, which was extremely difficult at that time after banning religion from schools by communist authorities. In the years 1956–1958 he was struggling to establish pastoral centres in Prusinowice and Suchoczasy. His efforts to improve the material fabric include installation of a heating system in the church (1955–1956), renovation work in the parish church (gradually from 1958) and tidying of St. Idzi’s cemetery. Feeling weak, he decided to give up in 1967 his work as parish priest in Szadek and after 2 years of fulfilling temporary functions he was appointed as parish priest in Jeziorsko, where he continued his ministration for 9 years (1969–1978). He then retired and went to live in Konin.
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The earliest mention of Jews in Szadek dates from the early 16th century, but it was in the second half of the 18th century, that this nationality group became more numerous and started gaining prominence in the socio-economic life of this town. In 1913, every third resident of Szadek (2.8 thousand inhabitants at that time) was Jewish. The majority of trading was carried out by Jews – there were 34 shops run by Jews, and only 7 were kept by Catholics. During the Second World War most of the Jews from Szadek were put to death in a concentration camp in Chełm on the River Ner; the few who survived the occupation soon emigrated. Almost no material trace has remained of this nationality group, which had for centuries been an important component of local community, in terms of both socio-economic and cultural development. The only material evidence, being a memorial to the Jewish community in Szadek, is a Jewish cemetery, recently restored after post-war devastation.
EN
Szadek, one of the oldest towns in the Łódź region, grew on the crossing of mediaeval routes connecting such cities as Piotrków, Uniejów, Łęczyca and Sieradz. Such location, strategic in terms of communication links, was favourable to Szadek’s development and contributed to the strengthening of its role as an urban settlement performing central functions for the surrounding areas, particularly with regard to administration of territorial (the seat of local government of various levels), judicial and ecclesiastical affairs. There is evidence suggesting that as far back as the 12th century Szadek was functioning as a local administrative and economic centre. In the following centuries it became a major settlement unit providing diverse important functions to the whole district. Today Szadek is a small town which retained only a few of these functions, but nevertheless they reflect its former status on the map of the region. The broad range of services provided by Szadek indicates that it was perceived as a special place in the settlement network. Its changing role and importance as regards the functions performed the historical events which mostly had negative consequences for the town, conducing to its diminished importance on the administrative map of the region and the country.
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The paper presents results of ethnographic research on the Jewish community in Szadek. By means of interviews with persons who remember the prewar period information was collected about Jewish people living there in the 1930s, during German occupation, at the time of existence and liquidation of the ghetto, and in the post-war period – return of the survivors and the history of the synagogue and the Jewish cemetery. The picture presented in this article is made up of accounts given by Szadek’s Polish residents. Their reminiscences and descriptions of persons, places, events and situations, culture, traditions and occupations reveal emotions and attitudes towards the Jewish community and throw some light on interpersonal relations.
EN
Father Edward Lidtke (1879–1951), before becoming a parish-priest in Szadek, had already spent 32 years in pastoral work, first as curate and prefect in Pabianice (1902–1907) and Kalisz (1907–1914), and them as parish-priest in Kłobia (1914–1920), Chełmce (1920–1924), Grodziesze Wielkie (1924–1926), Dembe (1926-1933), Warta (1933–1934). Five and a half years of his 14-year office in Szadek (1934–1948) fell on World War II and German occupation in Poland. In the pre-war period he strove to provide ministerial services to all parishioners and religions education to all children and young people. He also took great care of the parish church – had it painted inside and had new Stations of the Cross fitted in. He also looked after the financial matters of the parish. He remained in the parish during the war but had to sign the German nationality list. He could not perform his religions duties officially, only conspiratorial ministration was possible. After the war he undertook work on revival of religious life in the parish, but his wartime act made it difficult. In response to repeated suggestions from the bishop of Włocławek he resigned from this parish in 1948 and moved to Iwanowice, where he was the parish-priest until the end of his life.
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Budownictwo drewniane w Szadku

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Szadek had been built up with timber houses and wooden buildings across the ages, before the first brick constructions appeared two hundred years ago, and have become the dominant type of building. Unfortunately, the remaining wooden construction that have not vanished and are the main existing evidence of former wood-based spatial development, are often considered to be an unimportant leftover. As a result, very few timber constructions retained their original shape and character. Today, timber buildings constitute 17 percent of Szadek’s present area of the 1378 buildings in Szadek, 240 are made of wood, including 61 used for permanent accommodation. Bad technical conditions and poor engineering quality are the main problem. In most cases it is described as bad or very bad. The lack of appropriate preservation procedures results in different types of erosion. Poor fire protection exposes the wooden objects to high risk of catching fire. Timber construction have always been connected with cultural identity of regions and their unique features and attributes. Today, they are formally governed by local authorities and should be protected as they are an important element of Poland’s tradition.
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Szadek – a town fulfilling in the past important administrative and socio-economic functions – is found on almost all maps of old Poland’s territory. Therefore plentiful archival material is kept in the Central Archive of Old Documents in Warsaw and Public Records Office in Łódź. It allows various studies on the history of Szadek and its inhabitants to be conducted, but the town’s spatial structure – both its origins and stages of development – can be studied on the basis of cartographic sources from the 19th century, especially several hand-drawn general plans. The article presents cartographic material kept in the Central Archive of Old Documents, with a particular focus on three plans of the town drawn up in the mid-19th century. They make it possible to trace changes in the spatial structure of the town and the character of construction work carried out at that time.
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