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Sociológia (Sociology)
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2017
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vol. 49
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issue 1
5 – 36
EN
This paper is pursuing two main objectives. Firstly, it maps the impact of higher education on shaping literacy and numeracy cognitive competencies. Secondly, it compares the financial returns to tertiary bachelor and master education and cognitive skills acquired at this level of education among 17 countries participating in the international survey of adult skills PIAAC (2011 – 2012). Particular emphasis is placed on assessing the returns to various fields of study. For the purpose of international comparison, structural modelling was applied. The results confirm that, conditional on age and gender, the contributions of the university degree to literacy and numeracy skills are greater in countries with high innovation potential (e.g. Finland, Japan) than in countries with low innovation potential (e.g. Russia, Slovakia). As expected, countries with a high innovation potential exhibit lower financial returns both at the level of bachelor studies (9-20 % salary increase) and master's degree studies (20-35 %). In contrast, in countries with a lower innovation potential the returns to bachelor studies fluctuates under the same conditions between 25-40 % of salary increase and master degree studies around 30-50 %. The increase of cognitive skills across the European countries is very similar, ranging around 10 % (conditional on education), providing that the increase in the numeracy competencies affects the wage conditions slightly more favourably than the increase in reading skills. Another important finding is that in countries with lower innovation potential, controlling for measured competencies, the returns to humanities and social-science disciplines often exceed (by around 8 %) the returns to technical subjects while in countries with the highest innovation potentials returns to technical fields is around 17 % higher than returns to humanities and social sciences. In the future it can be expected that in transitive countries, hand in hand with the economic development, the financial returns to university degree fields of study may change significantly.
EN
The financing of higher education has become a long-range, crucial topic for many governments worldwide. As a part of it, there has also been a big discussion about the possible participation of private sources in financing of the tertiary education in the Czech Republic. The objective of the paper is to analyse and test students’ expectations about their future incomes and to bring a new quantitative argument to the discussion about the implementation of tuition fees at Czech public universities. The authors analysed data from a large survey among students of selected faculties of economics as well as factors which might influence students’ income expectation. The findings provide inspiring comparison and confirm high returns from investment in higher education.
EN
Knowledge and education in today's globalized world is becoming the most important factor in the development of society and regions. One of the main problems of regional development in Slovakia is the insufficient level of economic development potential based on the usage of knowledge, thereby creation of new sources of development is insufficient, and still they will be more built on the usage of creativity, education and skills of the workforce. To address the nature and direction of development of the education system at both national and regional level becomes more imperative. For this it can be used regional training capacity indicator which is proposed in the paper and methodology of its application to the conditions of Slovakia and its regions as a solution to the processing of the regional strategy.
Communication Today
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2013
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vol. 4
|
issue 1
60-75
EN
Knowledge society faces the challenges to the universalization of education. A changeover from massification to universalization of education brings new views on the role and functions of education, and of course, on the contents of knowledge mediated by a tertiary education system. The number of university educated students in the Czech Republic is increasing very quickly. The percentage of university graduates on the labour market is growing rapidly. Competitive environment on the Czech labour market is tougher than it used to be. The competition between universities is going up, especially in the private sector of tertiary education. The current number of private universities becomes untenable considering the decreasing number of potential applicants caused by the negative demographic movements of age structure of population. Success in stiff competitive environment of universities means consistent strategic leadership of schools and precise conceptions of marketing campaigns. These campaigns should include marketing statements based on facts, rational arguments and objective information. The useful basis for these statements could be empirical data of social profiles of our own students and competitive students’ population as well. The sociological research of social profiles of graduated students may serve not only as a material for credible and effective promotion of schools, but also as a rational starting point of the increasing educational level of schools.
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