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Peregrynacje Karola Zbyszewskiego po epoce stanisławowskiej

100%
Chwastyk-Kowalczyk J.
Rocznik Bibliologiczno-Prasoznawczy
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2009
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vol. 12
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issue 1
15-29
EN
The article presents a controversial unsuccessful doctoral dissertation by a historian, who at the same time was a satirist, columnist and writer. Karol Zbyszewski wrote this thesis entitled "Niemcewicz front and back" before the outbreak of the World War II under the supervision of prof. Marceli Handelsman. The study was rejected by the Department of Humanities in the University of Warsaw. A seven-year preliminary archiwal research was conducted by Karol Zbyszewski on the last polish king and the great Prince of Lithuania - Stanisław August Poniatowski. This study showed a different and incompatible common opinion about the ruler taking his age into consideration. The reservations of the Faculty Council in the University of Warsaw were focused on the author's fussy, unrefined and vulgar style as well as the language which, instead of being in a scientific form, exhibits a "terrible and fierce, virulent lampoon". The desecration of national sacreds was not acceptable to the scientists. The book published by the famous Publisher "Rój" in February 1939 became a bestseller overnight. This was followed by another issue which provoked great polemics in the contemporary polish press. The literary biography of Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, being a cruel evaluation of the national polish vices, was again published in exile in London in 1986, thanks to the Polish Cultural Foundation. Experiences from World War II led to this intriguing book, which was not distasteful. Its universal character was manifested in the polish reality after 1945 which entails the betrayals and loyality to the Moscow invaders.
2

MEDICINE, ILLNESS AND HEALTH IN THE ENLIGHTENMENT (Medycyna, choroba i zdrowie w wieku oswiecenia)

100%
Juette R.
Klio. Czasopismo poświęcone dziejom Polski i powszechnym
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2010
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issue 2(15)
115-124
EN
The author begins with the vivid discussion between German physicians after the death of Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II and analyses both patients' experiences and the character of medical practices at the end of the 18th century. At that time sick or/and ill people could choose from the vast arsenal of services offered by doctors, healers, surgeons etc. The access to a particular category of 'specialists' depended primarily on patient's wealth. In consequence, patients were cured in their own beds (i.e. in their house) or in the hospital (i.e. a place, where poor, needed people could receive assistance and help). The author points out that the number of therapists (if all categories of them are included) was not so low, as some historians believe. In the article he revises i.e. the wide-spread opinion that physicians in the 18th century achieved a high hierarchical social status and were paid well.
3
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Kroměřížská architektura 19. století.1. část

88%
Zatloukal P.
Historica: revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy (Historica: Review in history and related sciences)
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2012
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vol. 3
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issue 1
1-20
EN
Change of the Chateau Garden and the renovation of the Church of St Maurice became the essential events for Kroměříž architecture of the late 18th century and the first half of the 19th century. Between the years 1790 and 1800 the original baroque look of the garden was changed into a late Enlightenment park in the jardin pittoresque style, covering twice as large area as the original garden. During the 30s and 40s of the 19th century, architect Anton Arche has carried out a manifold enlargement of the park and changed it into a natural landscape. He also influenced the character of the manneristic Flower Garden. After the fire of the Church of St Maurice in 1836 he supervised its neo-Gothic renovation conducted in cooperation with an array of architects from Vienna.
4

WATCHFUL PHYSICIANS'S EYES. MEDICINE IN GDANSK IN THE ENLIGHTENMENT (Lekarzy czujne oczy. Medykalizacja w Gdansku doby oswiecenia)

88%
Szarszewski A.
Klio. Czasopismo poświęcone dziejom Polski i powszechnym
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2010
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issue 2(15)
59-93
EN
In the Enlightenment one of the most important tasks of monarchies (due to the modernization processes) was to control and to improve citizens' physical condition. The process of medicalization (M. Foucault) was one of instruments that rulers used to exercise their power and domination. It was inspired by discussions led by scholars and physicians. Yet, it was highly complicated to implement those mechanisms of rationalization in the city of Gdansk, as the second partition of the Republic of Poland in 1793 meant for it both a transformation and a change of the sovereign. In this period one could observe a vivid discussion between the city council and local physicians (especially those from the Physicians' Society) over the project of medicalization. Nevertheless, it did not succeed because of political situation and a weakness of physicians' milieu in Gdansk. The final effect of the above-mentioned debates was visible in a modernization project proposed by a new governmental centre (since 1793 it was Berlin). It was to intensify the process of medical control by interception of the power by the authorities stronger involved in its modern representation. That local version of modernization seemed to be a very flexible version of the broader vision, and one of the most innovative in a whole Europe. In Gdansk were established basic elements of the process of medicalization: modernization of hospitals, medical control of poverty, surgeons' professionalisation, elements of the population policy (Entbindungs-Lehranstalt von Westpreussen). The example of Gdansk illustrates the fact, that society must consent to the medical control.
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