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1

SÚČASNÁ LITERATÚRA A MŔTVA POSTMODERNA

100%
Špoták R.
Motus in verbo: časopis mladej vedeckej generácie
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2014
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vol. 3
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issue 1
64 – 72
EN
The study focuses on the issues of the end of postmodernism in relation to changes and trends in contemporary art and theory. The author tries to approach what comes after postmodernism using several various contemporary theoretical concepts by Alan Kirby, Jeffrey T. Nealon and Timotheus Vermeulen and Robin van den Akker. The author then relates these concepts to novels of contemporary French writer Michel Houellebecq. Finding the connections to the concepts of intensification and comodification, as well as New Romanticism, author confirms that Houellebecq is a writer, who cannot be reliably classified as postmodern author, but rather the author of era of transition.
2

PROFESIONALIZMUS ZNÁMY NEZNÁMY

100%
Orgoňová O., Bohunická A., Beňová J.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
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2020
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vol. 85
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issue 1
28 – 41
EN
The study follows up the existing view on the signs of professionalisms as economic (short), notional opposites to terms. We present them both theoretically and materially as expressions from various scientific fields, services, crafts or arts as they are described in Czech, Slovak, but also French, Canadian and English scientific publications. On the basis of several thousand entries, we consider the possibilities of theoretical shifts in the profiling of professionalisms as units that do not avoid expressiveness, metaphors or antonym (or other systemic relationships in lexis). After a comprehensive outline of the updated profile of professionalisms, we identify the meaning of using these expression units as a means of overcoming the misunderstanding between experts and non- experts in socio-scientific communication, that is, as a means of social inclusion.
3

WHAT DO WE NEED THEORIES OF AGING FOR? (Do czego potrzebne sa nam teorie starzenia sie?)

100%
Muszynski M.
Dyskursy Młodych Andragogów / Adult Education Discourses
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2011
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vol. 12
197-210
EN
Polish gerontological literature includes a large collection of theory that tries to explain the mechanisms of aging. Scholars usually focus on presenting some selected theoretical conceptions in detail. That is why the author of this article makes an attempt to answer the question about the purpose of formulating theories of aging. Moreover, the article diagnoses the current condition of the theory development in gerontology, as well as the shortcomings of laying theoretical foundations for this scientific discipline.
4

A THEORY OF EDUCATION: ITS AMBIGUITY AND FUNCTIONS AS A SUB-DISCIPLINE OF PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCE (Wieloznacznosc i funkcje teorii wychowania jako subdyscypliny nauk pedagogicznych)

100%
Tchorzewski d. A. M.
Ruch Pedagogiczny
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2009
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vol. 80
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issue 5-6
11-20
EN
It is a commonly prevailing persuasion that a theory of education is a quite autonomous sub-discipline of pedagogical science. Meanwhile, it has more and more increasing problems with defining its own identity. A different way of teaching it as a learning course at the universities confirms it as well. Certainly, for long time now, we have been dealing with the ambiguous understanding of the theory of education, with its both methodological and ontological weaknesses. Such ambiguity arises not only out of the various orientations, systems or concepts of directions of pedagogical thinking, but mostly out of the ambiguity of terms 'theory' and 'education', which jointly give name to this field of knowledge. It can be assumed that the term 'theory' should be understood as a set of inter-related statements related to an explored fragment of reality, which are strictly, coherently and consistently interconnected. Search for the definition of the term 'education' can be based on an explication method. It allows for acknowledging the education as a specific social entity which is a creation of at least two people, and which characteristic feature lies in the relationship occurring between them, in which an educator, in other words, a teaching person, who is guided by the universally acknowledged good, enables a learner to get to the subsequent maturity stages expressed by reaching self-identity. The education which has been understood in such a way takes into consideration its basic properties: continuity, dynamics and long duration. From the point of view of clarity and usefulness, in the scope of the theory of education, two areas can be singled out: teleology of education and technology of education. They provide basis for the definition of its most important functions: ideographical and diagnostic, analytical and prognostic, ordinary and intentional, communicative and complex, utilitarian and formative, heuristic and cognitive ones. Out of the above it arises that the theory of education is a pluralistic sub-discipline and to a small degree, it is conclusive.
5
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Česká teorie literární onomastiky

100%
Dvořáková Ž.
Acta onomastica
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2010
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vol. 51
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issue 2
447-452
EN
Czech Theory of Literary Onomastics Literary onomastics is relatively young discipline of research. We can find few articles about literary names in 1950’s. However, literary names have been studying systematically since 1970 in our country. Especially analysis of concrete literary work and work of one author were in a centre of interest in the first period of research. They were focused on language structure of names, choosing or creating names, their aesthetic function etc. The first Czech theoretical article about names in literature was written by K. Hausenblas in 1976. In the second period of research (in 1980’s) many material studies were published. Especially literary anthroponyms were analyzed. Problems of translation of names were discussed as well. Theoretical studies of this period were concentrated on functions and social aspects of literary names (e. g. M. Knappová, M. Majtán). In 1990 the first conference about literary onomastics took place in Prešov (Slovakia). Since 1990’s literary onomastics has been also occupying by literary toponyms or zoonyms. Many diploma theses were written about names in literature. However, there were felt a lack of theoretical and methodological background (R. Šrámek). Important studies were published during last years (D. Hodrová, L. Jungmannová). In 2008 the second conference about literary onomastics was organized in Hradec Králové.
6

FILOZOFICKÉ A METODOLOGICKÉ PROBLÉMY BUDOVANIA TEÓRIE KVANTOVEJ GRAVITÁCIE

88%
Dubnička J.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2009
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vol. 64
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issue 7
658-668
EN
The paper deals with selected philosophical and methodological problems concerning the building of the quantum theory of gravitation, which is expected to unify general relativity and the quantum field theory into a single consistent and comprehensive theory. It outlines the basic ontological characteristics of such theory, its structure and the limitations set upon it by the general relativity and the quantum field theory. As well the models of such theory are described.
7
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O pojęciu i istocie zjawiska elit

88%
Dutkiewicz G.
Colloquium Wydziału Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych AMW
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2012
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issue 3
175-184
EN
In this text, the author tries to make the interpretation of the term „elite” and organize and describe the most common definition of the phenomenon and the concept of the elite. Analysis have been selected views presented in the literature that illustrate the classic and contemporary dimension to the concept of elites and allow the answer to the question formulated in the subject line.
8

Dilema schématu a skutečnosti v sociologické teorii

88%
Balon J.
Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)
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2008
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vol. 17/30
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issue 3-4
185-199
EN
The idea of conceptual scheme is clearly present in the classical and modern sociological theory. However, contemporary sociological thinking is highly critical of it and in its radical versions this idea is dismissed altogether. This article traces various historically formed insights into the nature of concept formation in sociology and tries to demonstrate that without the attempts at creating a coherent conceptual scheme, sociology would be deprived of any possibility to push through a specifically sociological perspective on the social world. Talcott Parsons' conceptual level of theory is examined in detail and taken as an example of a viable theoretical approach based on the transformation of sociological concepts. The account of the sociological dilemma of scheme and reality is brought together with Donald Davidson's argument against the dogma of scheme and reality. The idea of a conceptual scheme has been discredited in contemporary thinking together with the idea and the project of (grand) general theory of society. It is argued that from the generalizing critique of the idea of general theory it does not follow that sociology does not need sound concepts. If it were so then no sociological knowledge that would not refer only to itself would be possible.
9
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FERRUCCIO BUSON'S THEORETICAL APPROACH TO OPERA THEATRE

88%
Gmys M.
Muzyka
|
2004
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vol. 49
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issue 1(192)
53-77
EN
At the beginning of this article the author draws attention to the fact that during recent years a sizeable body of so far totally unknown source material concerning Busoni has come to light, which makes it possible to carry out a much fuller reconstruction of his views on opera theatre than was possible only a few years earlier. Busoni was constructing his poetics of opera theatre above all in opposition to veristic aesthetics and to the musical drama of Wagner. His hostility towards verism was closely linked to his enthusiasm for the work of German Romantic ironists, in particular E.T.A. Hoffman. Although Busoni never made it clear directly, he adopted from the latter the seraphionic principle, which consisted in intertwining closely the fairy-tale element with the 'real' life of the characters in operatic librettos. As an opponent of verism, Busoni rejected the inclusion in librettos plots with erotic themes (he was of the opinion that eroticism belongs to life, and not art), and as a consequence of this view he rejected the convention of the love duet. Referring to Busoni's division of opera into the 'magic mirror' and the 'mirror of laughter', the author shows that in case of the latter type, the inspiration for it was probably provided by the well known essay by Ch. Baudelaire 'De l'essence du rire', which sketches out the idea of comique absolu. The main aspects of Busoni's views on the construction of opera librettos were the significance attached to the problem of manipulating keywords (Schlagwort), and the postulate of giving the dramatic action a fragmentary character. Chronological gaps caused by adopting this principle should be filled in by the music which, according to Busoni, should also carry other important dramatic functions. The most important of these were to concentrate the composer's efforts on revealing the inner psychological landscape of the particular dramatis personae, and to renounce trying to illustrate the events visible on the stage. The second of these postulates was closely linked to the suggestion that music, as far as possible, should include in its influence also events taking place beyond the stage area (in such a case its function might be described as analogous to teichoscopy). Busoni was a declared opponent of the concept of 'leitmotif' and 'unendliche Melodie', put forward by Wagner. In place of the rejected leitmotif, which ensured dramatic-musical unity in the operas of Wagner and his imitators, Busoni recommended the introduction of forms typical for absolute music (e.g. a cycle of variations or a dance suite), which should guarantee dramatic-musical cohesion of particular scenes and even acts (if one admits this postulate to be one of the most momentous ones, one could attach the label of 'absolute opera' to the concept of opera created by Busoni). In his writings Busoni also devoted some attention to the theatrical aspects of opera performance. One of the most important statements in this area is the claim that the singer should perform his part in such a manner as to continuously remind the audience of the artificial character of the actions undertaken and in this way to keep destroying the stage illusion. Levelling out of the effect of the so-called fourth wall was intended to stimulate the audience towards independent thinking and, as a result, towards creating their own interpretations of the work. Busoni also thought that one way of saving the opera, which in his view was an ossified genre, was to re-theatricalise it. This could be done by linking it to, among others, the traditions of commedia dell'arte and dolls' theatre. In the case of the latter, Busoni was clearly influenced by the aesthetics of H. Kleist, but he enriched those ideas by some references to the concept of the doll put forward by R.M. Rilke and Vittorio Podrecca, the director of Teatro dei Piccoli, famous in the second decade of the twentieth century. At the end of the article the author indicates the works and the artists who were influenced by the theory proposed by Busoni. One of the most important pieces of evidence for its influence is the concept of the so-called Musikoper, i.e. an opera constructed using means typical for absolute music (The best known examples of such work are A. Berg's ' Wozzeck' and P. Hindemith's 'Cardillac', written at the same time as Busoni's unfinished 'Doktor Faust' (1918--1924), but the influence of similar thinking can also be discerned in the later 'Il Prigioniero' by Dallapiccola). The clearest imprint of Busoni's ideas on opera theatre is to be found both in the work and in the aesthetic formulated by K. Weill (a devoted pupil of Busoni), and in Brecht's concept of epic theatre, created as a result of adopting the views of the Italian thinker and composer. Traces of theatrical aspects of Busoni's ideas can also be seen in the one-act piece 'Der Mond' by C. Orff, a composer who during the 1940s used to appeal directly to the theories of the creator of Doktor Faust. One of the final manifestations of the fascination by Busoni's thought (but also his works for the stage) remains so far the chamber opera 'Faust und Yorick' (1976) by W. Rihm.
10

Psychologia społeczna a neuronauki: Dominacja, separacja, czy satysfakcjonujący związek?

75%
Winkielman P.
Psychologia Społeczna
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2008
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vol. 3
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issue 1(6)
11-22
EN
Contemporary social psychology makes rich use of theories and methods from neuroscience. The new discipline of social neuroscience also enjoys much popularity. In this article, I show historical and intellectual reasons behind the interest of social psychologists in biological explanations, and consider the role of such explanations in our discipline. I suggest that the background of the current acceptance of biological approaches lies in the weakening of the computer metaphor that sharply separated the mind and the brain, and in an improved understanding of the necessity for the multilevel analysis of social behavior. I also emphasize the development of powerful new technologies, conceptual advances, and an improvement in inferences about psychological variables from biological data. Due to these advances, psychophysiological research helps us identify new phenomena and solve theoretical debates in social psychology. Throughout this article, I also show dangers that come from naïve interpretation of physiological data, and highlight the uniqueness of psychological level of analysis. In conclusion, I state that social psychology and neuroscience not only need, but might be necessary for each other.
11

HODNOTY INDUSTRIÁLNEHO DEDIČSTVA A ICH SKÚMANIE: PRÍPAD BRATISLAVA

75%
Bartošová N., Haberlandová K.
Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo
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2017
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vol. 5
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issue 2
107 – 123
EN
The industrial architecture of the 19th and 20th century offers various ways in which it can be studied from the point of view of modern architectural history. In the same time, this notion is shared just by a small number of experts – historians, architects or art historians – and the subject of industrial heritage stays to a large extent a domain of civic activism. The growing interest of civic associations is driven by an outrage of rapid demolition of a number of key historical industrial sites in Bratislava in the recent past. In the contrast to the public interest, the expert research of industrial heritage might seem as less effective and understandable. The aim of this paper is to highlight the importance of existing expert research in a connection with interdisciplinary methods that are not yet developed sufficiently. The interdisciplinary team-work has to be done both on the level of official state heritage protection policies and civic activism, as it is confirmed also via contemporary international heritage discourse.
12

TOPOGRAPHY OF POWER RELATIONS IN SLOVAK PRESCHOOL SECTOR BASED ON BOURDIEU’S FIELD THEORY

75%
Kaščák O., Pupala B.
Pedagogický časopis (Journal of Pedagogy)
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2017
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vol. 8
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issue 1
57 – 76
EN
The article analyses the Slovak preschool education sector using Bourdieu’s field theory. It describes stable and volatile points in the evolution of preschool education in terms of the power games occurring within the specific social field of power relations shaped during these games. It explores the groups of powerful players that represent the political, civic-professional and academic sub-fields exerting an influence over the preschool field who in different ways and at various times control the preschool field and structure within it the hierarchy of power relations in preschool education governance. The analysis is empirically illustrated; the power relations played out and were renewed when the national preschool curriculum was undergoing fundamental change. It describes the strategies, processes and consequences of changes in the power relations between the sub-fields and the associated behaviour of the actors. The analysis shows how the power conflicts ultimately led to the homologous relations between the sub-fields transforming into democratically-structured power relations in preschool education governance.
13

Z NOVÝCH POZNATKOV K RUKOPISNEJ UČEBNICI “ANLEITUNG ZUM KLAVIERSCHLAGEN”

75%
Čepec A.
Musicologica Slovaca
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2015
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vol. 6 (32)
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issue 2
193 - 214
EN
The manuscript textbook “Anleitung zum Klavierschlagen” by Michal Godra is a type of the textbook for elementary instruction in piano playing in Slovakia in the first half of the 19th century. It is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theme of this paper is presented in terms of the development of piano playing and the methodology of instrument playing, the musical genre characterisation of the compositions included in the practical part of the textbook, and the degree of influence by Franz Paul Rigler’s theoretical works. M. Godra’s piano school is an important source of knowledge of the development of musical education and piano composition in Slovakia in the given period.
14

MODERN INTERPRETATIONS OF THE CATEGORY OF PREDICATION IN LINGUISTICS (Suchasni interpretatsiyi kategoriyi predykatsiyi v movoznavstvi)

75%
Kulbabska O. V.
Ukrayinska mova (Ukrainian Language)
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2009
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issue 1(30)
61-73
EN
The linguistic status of the category of predication are found out in the article. Different methods, approaches for the analysis of structure of sentence are considered in the work. Some conclusion are made: the logical subject / predicate, the psychological subject / predicate, known / new, represent the same categories, but found out in different aspects. The connection of some aspects in studying of predication gives opportunities for theoretical and practical decision concerning actual problems in modern linguistics: question about classification of simple sentence, syntactic connection and semantics-syntactic relation as well as connection between the sentence and text.
15
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Stany trzecie w ujęciu Władysława Tatarkiewicza

63%
Szutta A.
Filo-Sofija
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2011
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vol. 11
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issue 2-3(13-14)
617-627
EN
The article treats on the concept of “third states” (as opposed to the other two kinds of states: those of work and entertainment) introduced by Władysław Tatarkiewicz in his treatise On Happiness. A thorough analysis of the passage on “third states” as well as of the very concept allows to see its relevance to the considerations on such important philosophical questions as those of the nature of doing philosophy, the meaning of life, intellectual intuition, theoria or contemplation. The paper consists of five parts. The first part is focused on Tatarkiewicz’s understanding of “third states” as well as on a phenomenological analysis of the concept itself. The second part is a kind of extension of the analysis enriched by Josef Pieper’s interpretation of the idea of leisure which I find very close to what Tatarkiewicz means by “third states”. In the light of the analysis the concept of the ‘third states’ turns out to be very inspiring and useful in dealing with a number of philosophical questions, which is shown in the fourth part of the paper. The final step consists of questioning the above conclusion by short outlining a possible naturalistic interpretation of the ‘third states’ in the light of which the picture of philosophy, human life or human cognition, based on the concept of the ‘third states’ might turn out to be a mere illusion. I do not give a final answer to this question but treat the conclusion of the paper as an invitation to a deeper consideration of the matter.
16

VÝZNAM PRAXE PRE TEÓRIU: REKONŠTRUKCIA ARGUMENTU ALASDAIRA MACINTYRA

63%
Kuna M.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2009
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vol. 64
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issue 9
827-838
EN
The term of practice plays an important role in MacIntyre's philosophy. He uses it in two different ways: either generally as contrast with theory or as a specifically defined term within his Neo-Aristotelianism. These two meanings are independent from each other. The paper is a reconstruction of MacIntyre's argument concerning the notion of practice in its general sense and as related to the concept of theory. First, it analyses practice as opposite to theory, and its Marxist roots; second, it outlines the post-Marxist revolutionary 'Benedictine' vision of MacIntyre's Thomistic Aristotelianism; third, the issue in question is exemplified via the mutual relationship between political philosophy and politics; finally, several implications of the author's argument are suggested. The paper claims that those engaged in elaboration, critique and implementation of political and/or moral theories may benefit from MacIntyre's insightful account of the significance of practice for theory.
17
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Pojęcie rytuału w socjologii i innych naukach społecznych

63%
Jestal J.
Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia
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2011
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vol. 6
133-176
EN
This article constitutes a critical review of the knowledge and theories regarding ritual and ceremony which have emerged in the social sciences. The impetus for this undertaking is the conviction that the issue of ritual has been paid insufficient attention – particularly in sociology. The text opens with deliberation on the subject of defining ritual and ceremony. Subsequently, the theories of ritual which explain existing ceremonies by looking at the conditions under which these observances arose are examined. This article comprises also ponderings on the place of ritual in sociological theory.
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