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Subjective well-being in a Polish national sample: the roles of demographic factors, Type A, and goals

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Klonowicz T., Cieslak R., Eliasz A.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2004
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vol. 35
|
issue 1
35-43
EN
This article seeks to further our understanding of relationships between individual characteristics (age, education, two components of Type A – anger and achievement) and subjective well-being (SWB). Goals (affiliation and agency goals) were studied both as predictors of SWB and as moderators of relations between individual characteristics and SWB. The SWB components were: somatic symptoms, life satisfaction, frequency of positive and negative mood. The data from Polish General Social Survey collected on the representative national sample (N = 1221) showed that education was positively related to SWB. Age was a negative predictor of all SWB indices (with the exception of negative mood). Two components of Type A were differently related to SWB: anger was a negative predictor of SWB, whereas achievement was positively related to SWB. Affiliation but not agency goals predicted high level of SWB. Partial support was found for the hypothesis that goals moderated relations between individual characteristics and SWB. Post Scriptum -'Personality' (top-bottom) approach to SWB has been offered as an alternative to studies of the impact of situational factors and life events on SWB (bottom-up models of SWB). However, the 'bottom' effects on SWB were found to be small and restricted to only 'fresh' events (cf., Suh, Diener, & Fujita, 1996).
2

Perceived job stressors and mindfulness-based cognitive stress management intervention: The role of Type A and reactivity

100%
Zolnierczyk D.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2004
|
vol. 35
|
issue 1
25-33
EN
There is some evidence that individual characteristics like Type A and high reactivity can be risk factors of alleviated stress. The aim of the first, longitudinal study was to predict perceived job stressors in a sample of 126 managers depending on Type A and reactivity level. The results showed that reactivity, not Type A, was a direct, positive predictor of perceived job stressors. The interaction of Type A and reactivity was marginally significant in predicting occupational stressors. High reactive Type A workers perceived higher level of job stressors than low reactive Type As. In the second, experimental study the changes in perceptions of job stressors due to mindfulness-based cognitive stress management intervention were examined in 150 managers matched by reactivity level (high or low) and Type A/B. In the experimental group, which participated in the intervention, the perceived level of job stressors decreased significantly in comparison with the control group, which did not take part in the intervention. Additionally, it was showed that the greatest decrease occurred in the group of high reactive workers who participated in the intervention. The role of Type A, reactivity and their interaction in predicting and managing occupational stress is discussed.
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