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EN
The purpose of this text is to present an overview of the evolution of digital communication in tax law and highlight major changes which recently occurred in the process of digitalization regarding the communication between a tax administrator and taxpayers when submitting a tax document. The first part of the article will point out leading elements of digital submissions and provide theoretical and functional perspective on characteristics of electronic communication. The second part of the text aspires to analyse sanctions resulting from breaching rules regarding the mandatory electronic submission of tax documents. This article will then discuss the varieties of sanctions as an outcome of enforcing the tax procedural rules regarding the mandatory electronic document submission.
EN
In this article the author discusses the use of tax preferences and tax-free allowance as tools for the implementation of social objectives of fiscal policy. In this context the author analyzes here the taxation level in the individual income tax and the degree of implementation of the principle of uniformity and fairness of taxation in the polish tax sys¬tem. Moreover, there are presented the observed trends in the application of tax-free allow¬ance and tax relief. The conclusion is that the lack of a clear effect of the progression mitigat¬ing in terms of the use of tax preferences and tax-free allowance results in an uneven distribution of the tax burden, and thus hinders the state socio-economic objectives
EN
The real estate acquisition tax as a property transfer tax was part of the system of taxation of the Czech Republic until 25 September 2020.1 It was a traditional historical tax forming a complementary element of the system of taxation. Since 1993, it was part of the system of taxation as a real estate transfer tax. As of 1 January 2014, due to the recodification of private law, extensive tax reform came into effect, the scope of which was unprecedented since the 1990s. As a result, a new tax was introduced by the Statutory Measure of the Senate No. 340/2013 Coll., namely the real estate acquisition tax, which replaced the former real estate transfer tax. The new tax regulation preserved the taxation of real estate transfers upon payment in the form of the acquisition of immovable property, reflecting the changes brought about by the recodification of private law and by the new Business Corporations Act. It redefined the taxpayer entity, reduced the administrative complexity of tax administration, including cases of mandatory submission of expert reports for the purpose of determining the tax base, and updated the cases of exemption from the real estate acquisition tax.
EN
This contribution deals with signifi cant changes in regulation of cross-border taxation in Russia that have been introduced since 2014 mainly due to the impact of the governmental policy of deoffshorization aimed at fighting the offshore character of Russian economy. At the same time participation in the OECD BEPS Project also infl uenced the international tax landscape in Russia. The analysis of the key substantive and procedural rules that were introduced in the course of the international tax reform in Russia is the key goal of the article. The author covers controlled foreign companies rules, management test for corporate tax residence, beneficial ownership concept, automatic exchange of information and key changes in the tax treaty network. The author aims to show steps that were taken by Russia in its reform of international taxation in order to confi rm the hypothesis that in cross-border taxation Russia uses the widespread mechanisms and soft law recommendations while going its own way and often setting its own versions of the main elements of the international taxation landscape. Another important issue under consideration is the balance between unilateral, bilateral and multilateral regulation of international taxation in Russia.
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