Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 4

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  Teheran
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
1
Content available remote

The State and the Rise of the Middle Class in Iran

100%
EN
There are different definitions and opinions about the rise of the middle class in different areas and countries. This is because historically the rise of the middle class has brought change in society, politically and economically. This claim is based on the historical role of the middle class as an important element of change in society, political transitions and ending authoritarian regimes in developed countries. With attention to the role of the middle class and the process of social and political change in developed countries, it can be argued that a capable middle class is requested, for changing and creating a real democratic future in Iran. However, due to the role of the state it can be seen that an emerging and rising middle class in Iran has differed with developed countries. This has had an effect on the characters of the middle class and as the result its role in the democratization and development of Iran.
PL
Ewakuowana grupa uchodźcza z ZSRR do Iranu została skoncentrowana w Teheranie, Isfahanie, Ahwazie. Wraz z ich pojawieniem się rząd emigracyjny powołał Delegaturę Ministerstwa Pracy i Opieki Społecznej, w ramach którego działał Referat Szkolno-Oświatowy. Zapewnienie możliwości edukacji w trudnych warunkach stało się wyzwaniem polityków Stronnictwa Ludowego, które stanowiło grupę dominującą wśród polonijnej sceny politycznej Iranu. W artykule autorka poruszy ważne kwestie związane z polityką i oświatą na Bliskim Wschodzie. Przedstawi sylwetki Wiktora Styburskiego oraz Franciszka Halucha. Na podstawie źródeł archiwów Instytutu Polskiego i Muzeum gen. Sikorskiego w Londynie oraz Archiwum Akt Nowych w Warszawie zostaną ukazane podejmowane przez MPiOS działania oświatowe oraz ich reperkusje dla sytuacji nauczycieli polskich oraz Polaków żyjących w Iranie. W artykule pojawią się również informacje o warunkach pracy nauczycieli, ich płacach, problemach aprowizacyjnych, administracyjnych dotyczących zarządzania placówką oświatową.
EN
As a result of the evacuation of the Polish Army from the USSR to Iran there was a large group of refugee concentrated in Tehran, Isfahan, and Ahwaz. The Polish government-in-exile created a Delegation of the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare. The provision of educational opportunities in difficult conditions constiruted a challenge to the politicians People`s Party, which was the dominant group in the Polish political scene of Iran. In this paper the author addresses important issues related to politics and education in the Middle East, and presents profiles of Wiktor Styburski and Franciszek Haluch. The paper is based on the archives of the Polish Institute and Museum of General Sikorski in London and the State Archives in Warsaw, deals with the educational activities undertaken by the Delegation of the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare and their repercussions on the situation of Polish teachers and Poles living in Iran. The article also examines the working conditions of teachers, their salaries, the problems of food supply, and problems of the management of educational institutions.
EN
The Polish-Soviet conflict during World War II is one of the most complicated issues in legal terms. The war, which, although not declared, but visible in the form of military aggression, never took place in the eyes of the Soviet side. The course of the border and other international agreements, although signed without coercion in the international period, suddenly turned out to be worthless pieces of paper. The provisions of the Atlantic Charter, signed during the war and guaranteeing, inter alia, the inviolability of the borders, turned out not to apply to Poland. The aim of the article is to show what, in such a complicated situation, from the point of view of international law, the Polish-Soviet diplomatic dispute about the future of the Polish eastern border, which is also the border between the Republic of Poland and the Soviet Union, looked like. The source of the work are archival materials stored in British archives and scientific studies.
EN
In this article, the author discusses political decision-making by the then three great powers of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United States and the United Kingdom. The period of time of the discussed problem includes the years 1941 (Sikorski-Majski Agreement) to 1945. (Potsdam Conference), which were of key importance for the formation of the Ukrainian-Polish border and were one of the elements of the changing political system in Europe at that time.
PL
W artykule autor omawia decyzje polityczne Wielkiej Trójki: Związku Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich, Stanów Zjednoczonych i Wielkiej Brytanii w okresie od 1941 (Umowa Sikorski – Majski) do 1945 r. (Konferencja Poczdamska), które miały kluczowe znaczenie dla utworzenia granicy ukraińsko-polskiej i były jednym z elementów zmieniającej się polityki dotyczącej powojennego porządku w Europie.
RU
В статье автор обсуждает политические решения Большой тройки: Союза Советских Социалистических Республик, Соединенных Штатов Америки и Соединенного Королевства в период с 1941 года (Соглашение Сикорски-Майский) до 1945 года (Потсдамская конференция), которые имели ключевое значение для создания украинско-польской границы и были одним из элементов изменяющейся политики в отношении послевоенного порядка в Европе.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.