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EN
The aim of the article is to present and analyze selected organizational solutions based on the same principles thanks to which their creators wanted to create the perfect social order. I will try to demonstrate the rationality of these solutions using the example of the state of T. More, New Harmony of R. Owen and kibbutzes in Israel. Certain regularities can be observed in that the emergence of fundamental assumptions of these communities coincides with the moments of crisis in particular societies, which led to changes in the way people think about the world around them. The object of the research is an understanding of the organization of these communities and the effectiveness of their functioning based on the same rules.
2
75%
Ethics in Progress
|
2016
|
vol. 7
|
issue 2
82-94
EN
The aim of the article is to show that the so-called “philosophia perennis” is valid for our modern times too. Four philosophical schools of the Hellenistic times remain influential for the following centuries: Plato and Neoplatonism, Aristotle and the Peripatetics, the Stoics and the Epicureans. We are interpreting two, only two, poems from Thomas More and Jacob Balde, and so we see the greatest possible influence of all these four ancient philosophical schools.
EN
This article seeks to explore the relation between utopia and modernity on the basis of Thomas More’s Utopia (1516) as well as two seminal contemporary studies: Bruno Latour’s We Have Never Been Modern (1992) and Gabriel Josipovici’s What Ever Happened to Modernism? (2010). The ambiguous nature of the modern prototype of utopia which displays both the eutopian and the dystopian (self-critical) impulse seems reflected in the nature of modernity. With auto-criticism inscribed in the constitution of both utopia and modernity, the leading desires of the modern period—for a greater emancipation and domination—prove to be its greatest burden both in the socio-political sphere as well as in art and literature.
PL
Celem artykułu jest zbadanie relacji pomiędzy utopią a nowoczesnością na podstawie Utopii Thomasa More’a oraz dwóch ważnych współczesnych studiów nad nowoczesnaścią: We Have Never Been Modern (1992) autorstwa Bruno Latoura oraz What Ever Happened to Modernism? (2010) napisanym przez Gabriela Josipovici. Ambiwalentna natura nowoczesnego prototypu utopii, która wykazuje obecność zarówno impulsu (e)utopijnego, jak i dystopijnego (krytycznego), zdaje się znajdować swoje odzwierciedlenie w naturze nowoczesności. Krytyczny aspekt nowoczesności odsłania fakt, że dwa podstawowe dążenia epoki nowoczesnej — do wolności i dominacji — okazują się jej największym obciążeniem zarówno w sferze socjopolitycznej, jak też w literaturze i sztuce.
EN
The article analyses Thomas More’s firm attitude defending his conscience, which did not allow him to swear an oath. The basis for reflection is his prison correspondence, especially with her daughter Margaret. He remained faithful to his conscience because he refused to submit the required signatures and was beheaded, but gained eternal salvation. He studied for a long time, meditated and prayed to make the right decision. The closest urged him to change his decision, but he refused. He was not affected by accusations, slander, threats or flattery. He did not swear an oath and did not explain anything. He preserved freedom of conscience and responsibility for his own decisions. He did not judge anyone else. All the time he showed respect and loyalty to the king and constantly assured of his prayers in king’s intentions. Despite the weakness and fear of death, he put everything into God's hands. He was a prisoner of conscience and gave his live in the name of fidelity to the Church and the Holy See.
DE
Der Artikel greift die Frage auf, ob Europäische Union wirklich eine Utopie ist. Die Quelle einer so formulierten Frage sind Meinungen von vielen Analytikern der politischen Europa-Bühne. Sie behaupten, dass die EU der nächste Versuch sei, ein utopisches sozialpolitisches Projekt zu verwirklichen. Manche meinen, dass die EU eine neue Form der marxistisch-kommunistischen Utopie sei, ergo ein totalitäres System. Im Artikel stelle ich die These auf, dass diese Kritiker recht haben können. Ich suche nach Argumenten, die für eine solche Meinung sprechen würden und analysiere bestimmte Praktiken und Werte, die in der EU gefördert werden. Ich bestimme, ob sie Merkmale eines utopisch-totalitären Denkens und Wirkens aufweisen und deute auf ihre ideellen philosophischen Wurzeln hin. Im Endergebnis drücke ich die Überzeugung aus, dass die EU-Politik ˗ in der Wertesphäre ˗ der Oikophobie als einer eigentümlichen Ideologie mit totalitären Eigenschaften untergeordnet ist.
EN
This article concerns the following problem: is European Union actually a utopian concept? A good deal of critics on the European political scene support such view. There are even those who claim that the European Union is simply a new face of the utopian communistic Marxism, therefore a totalitarian system. This article is an attempt to verify these statements. Moreover, it contains the arguments that may support such views. Additionally, its purpose is to check whether within the cultural phenomena (inside the EU) are those that would exemplify the qualities of the way of thinking and acting as characteristics of a totalitarian utopia. The paper shows the ideological and philosophical roots of such utopia. In the conclusion, therefore, I claim that EU is subordinate (especially in the realm of values) to a certain, in a way also totalitarian ideology – namely to oikophobia.
PL
Wielu analityków europejskiej polityki wyraża opinię, że Unia Europejska jest utopijnym projektem społeczno-politycznym. Są też tacy, którzy twierdzą wprost, że Unia jest nową utopią marksistowsko-komunistyczną, a więc jest systemem totalitarnym. Świadczyć mają o tym niektóre polityczne praktyki uprawiane w jej ramach oraz promowane w niej wartości. Artykuł jest próbą krytycznego zweryfikowania tego twierdzenia. Chodzi w nim o ustalenie czy wśród zjawisk kulturowych (zachodzących w Unii) są takie, które mają cechy utopijno-totalitarnego myślenia i działania. Przede wszystkim jednak chodzi o wyjaśnienie czy unijna polityka i utopia komunistyczna mają wspólne, ideowo-filozoficzne korzenie. W artykule znajdujemy też odpowiedź na pytanie czy polityka Unii została podporządkowana totalitarnej ideologii.
6
51%
EN
This paper compares the concept of utopia and the concept of extropy – an important category associated with the transhumanist thought. Extropy is understood by transhumanists as a continuous progress, constantly retreating development. Such a definition of extropy, formulated by Max More, stands in opposition to the traditional understanding of utopia, but with closer inspection of transhumanizm, it turns out that we are probably dealing with a technological utopia. Therefore, first we must redefine the concept of utopia, and then confront it with the transhumanist concept of posthuman. I try to show that even though extropy stands in opposition to the traditional definition of utopia, we could see some common elements in both of them.
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