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Trade unions in the Czech Republic : look into the past, presence and future

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Tomšej J.

The Lawyer Quarterly

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2018

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vol. 8

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issue 1

64-74

EN

This study analyses the legal and sociological position of trade unions in the Czech Republic from the viewpoint of recent history, current position and potential further development. First part of the paper provides a summary of the history of employee unionisation in the Czech territory. Second part of the paper describes the current legal framework, which is mostly composed of the Czech Civil Code, Labour Code, Act on Collective Bargaining and applicable international treaties. Attention is also paid to relevant decisions of the Czech Constitutional Court. Final part of the study contains reflections of the author related to future development of trade unions in the Czech Republic. The author documents that despite the regulatory framework, the current position of trade unions in Czech society is not strong, and proposes measures to enhance their position.

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Związki zawodowe i ich wpływ na rozwój społeczny i gospodarczy

63%

Śmietański R.

Studia Ekonomiczne

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2014

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vol. 167

231-239

EN

The intent of this article is to provide a description and analysis of the policies and initiatives of the various trade unions in selected European countries during the ongoing economic recession which resulting from the financial crisis of 2007 and how these circumstances have affected social and economic development in Europe. The causes as well as the effects of the current crisis are identified and explained. Based on the examples of several European countries, the relationship between the trade unions and government have been described and explained. This paper also outlines the actual impact of trade unions on the acceptance or rejection of the reforms implemented by the government intended to repair and strengthen the economy leading to its subsequent re-development and stimulating future economic growth.

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Rola związków zawodowych w procesie dialogu społecznego

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Marciniszyn M.

Studia Ekonomiczne

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2014

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vol. 167

202-210

EN

Contemporary rules of corporate governance do not take into account interests of stakeholders (employees) sufficiently, while focusing on managers - shareholders bilateral relations in company management. Global crisis, globalization and flexible working conditions on labor markets make social dialogue very difficult to be achieved as a main goal in trade unions' efforts to improve situation of employees. This article analyzes two models of trade unions (American model and European model) in a process of shaping social compromise at workplace. This theoretical approach to the role of labor organizations tries to find an answer how to succeed in implementing necessary changes to make social dialogue much easier to be attained.

4

The Legitimacy of Trade Unions and Employers’ Organizations to Initiate Proceedings Before the Constitutional Court in the Light of the Jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court

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Niedzielska B.

Studia Iuridica Lublinensia

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2015

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vol. 24

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issue 4

EN

The control over constitutionality carried out by the Constitutional Court is executed on the initiative of subjects strictly specified within the Constitution. Trade unions and employers’ organisations have legitimacy limited to cases under their spectrum of operation. Increasing number of applications for constitutionality control from trade unions and employers’ organisations makes the tribunal procedural rights of these entities a subject of numerous statements of the Constitutional Court. The following article attempts to present the views of the Constitutional Court in regard to the locus standi of trade unions and employers’ organisations laid down in the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court, and their overall assessment. The organs entitled to tribunal legitimacy are “nationwide trade union organs”. A trade union is a voluntary and self-governing organisation of working people, established to represent and defend their rights, as well as labour and social interests. Other entities entitled to the legitimacy are also “nationwide labour organisation authorities”. The main task of employers’ organisations is protection of rights, and representation of interests, including economic ones, of associated members. In the assessment of employers’ organisations legitimacy, the Constitutional Court developed two concepts: the concept of “exceptional” legitimacy, and the concept of “common denominator”. These concepts justify recognition of the lack of legitimacy. They are not accepted indiscriminately, as they are considered unsupported by resolutions of the Constitution. That conceptualisation narrows the “scope of activity” of trade unions and employers’ organisations, as not all the statutory tasks of these entities substantiate their applicable legitimacy. Although social and economic interests are within the range of activity of entities with special legitimacy, according to The Court, they are not covered by tribunal legitimacy.

PL

W niniejszym artykule podjęto próbę przedstawienia poglądów Trybunału Konstytucyjnego na temat legitymacji czynnej związków zawodowych i organizacji pracodawców wyrażonych w orzecznictwie Trybunału Konstytucyjnego oraz ich ogólnej oceny. Legitymacja trybunalska przysługuje „ogólnokrajowym organom związków zawodowych”. Związek zawodowy to dobrowolna i samorządna organizacja ludzi pracy powołana do reprezentowania i obrony ich praw, interesów zawodowych i socjalnych. Legitymacja przyznana jest także „ogólnokrajowym władzom organizacji zawodowych”. Podstawowym zadaniem organizacji pracodawców jest ochrona praw i reprezentowanie interesów, w tym gospodarczych, zrzeszonych członków. W ocenie legitymacji związków zawodowych Trybunał wypracował dwie koncepcje: legitymacji „wyjątkowej” oraz „wspólnego mianownika”. Uzasadniają one uznanie braku legitymacji. Nie są przyjmowane bezkrytycznie, oceniane są jako praktyki nieznajdujące oparcia w postanowieniach Konstytucji. Takie ujęcie zawęża „zakres działania” związków zawodowych i organizacji pracodawców, gdyż nie wszystkie ustawowe czy statutowe zadania tych podmiotów będą uzasadniały ich legitymację wnioskową. Interesy ogólnospołeczne i gospodarcze, choć znajdują się wśród zadań podmiotów o legitymacji specjalnej, nie są – zdaniem Trybunału – objęte legitymacją trybunalską.

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2 Studia Ekonomiczne

1 Studia Iuridica Lublinensia

1 The Lawyer Quarterly

1 Marciniszyn M.

1 Niedzielska B.

1 Tomšej J.

1 Śmietański R.

1 2018

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Trade unions in the Czech Republic : look into the past, presence and future

Związki zawodowe i ich wpływ na rozwój społeczny i gospodarczy

Rola związków zawodowych w procesie dialogu społecznego

The Legitimacy of Trade Unions and Employers’ Organizations to Initiate Proceedings Before the Constitutional Court in the Light of the Jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court