The article presents main issues concerning the development of the services offered in the public transport fleet with the selection of a vehicles capacity to operate communication lines. Formulas have been presented for achieving this aim, and is an example of the calculations using one of them. Have also calculated the effects of organizational and economic changes resulting from the use of these formulas presents the types of vehicles that transport managers can make to support the communication lines.
Transport market joins suppliers of carriage and consumers of these services. However, it does not always function according to the terms of classic market competition, as there are subject on the market which function on special principles and have extraordinary needs and as such require a specific treatment. Both non-government organisations (NGO) and public services which perform transport orders belong in that group. Social expectations forces these organisations to behave in a certain way, which can be a subject to either theoretical or practical research. The transport market itself and its characteristics should be studied as well, for the conditions in which the transportation orders are carried out determines their success rate and quality. A moderately balanced transport market is such a market in which all the specific objectives can be fulfilled. The point of the research on behaviour of NGOs and public services on the moderately balanced transport market is to indicate the areas of convergence and diversification of the actions of the subjects. Comparative research of behaviour shows vast similarities, nonetheless the different basis of functioning immensely differentiates their market attitude. The comparative analysis as an essential method of research also allows specification of roles, which both groups of subjects have on the moderately balanced transport market. Public services behave in a way, which is typical of dominant downmarket collective public transport operators. However, NGOs market behaviour generates value added in the form of creation a special transport offer for groups which demand public assistance. Hence, the wide spectrum of behaviour, which allows to verify hitherto existing models of economic stratification of enterprises.
Cities and agglomerations of Silesia region are considered key importance areas for economic growth, innovation and creation of new, more efficient jobs. Thus, a variety of activities aimed at improving transport in the cities and in the region, are of particular importance. One of the possible ways to improve the current urban and regional transport is the use of a new culture of mobility in functioning and development of the transport systems. A new culture of mobility in the quest for better and ecological transport in cities, agglomerations and the region includes all the essential components of their transport systems. It also allows for balancing social, economic and environmental objectives.
Implementing the statutory obligation to prepare the plan of public transport integrated development have met with criticism both from practitioners dealing with organizing and managing public transport and from local government representatives. Critical remarks concern the range as well as the rules of implementing transport plans into the public transport organizing and managing processes. The hereby article presents the proposal how to prepare the transport plans in a way that enables not only meeting formal criteria of their possession, but also using them in the practice of organizing and managing public transport.
The paper presents, on the background of theoretical considerations, conditioning of urban and regional transport integration. Positive and negative factors of integration were discussed as well as their consequences for public passenger transport market.
Artykuł prezentuje problematykę finansowania proekologicznych działań przedsiębiorstw transportu miejskiego w Polsce z funduszy UE w latach 2007-2013. Dla wymienionego okresu zidentyfikowane i przeanalizowane zostały tematy projektów realizowanych przez badane spółki wraz ze szczegółową analizą ich przestrzennego rozproszenia. Wskazana została również średnia liczba dni trwania tych projektów, ich wartości ogółem oraz wartości dofinansowania UE według tematów priorytetów. Zaprezentowane wyniki badań empirycznych wskazują, iż przedsiębiorstwa transportu miejskiego podejmowały szereg proekologicznych działań, które najczęściej dotyczyły zakupu przyjaznych dla środowiska, ekologicznych autobusów. Ponadto promowanie czystego transportu miejskiego okazało się najczęściej wybieranym tematem priorytetu w analizowanych podmiotach gospodarczych (w szczególności w województwie śląskim), o najdłuższym średnim okresie realizacji, jak również najwyższej średniej wartości dofinansowania z funduszy UE.
EN
The article presents the issues of financing pro−ecological actions of urban transport enterprises in Poland from EU funds in 2007−2013. In the mentioned period have been identified and analyzed the topics of projects implemented by these enterprises, together with a detailed analysis of their spatial dispersion. Author has also indicated the average duration of projects (in days), their total value and value of EU funding under different thematic priorities. The presented empirical results show that the urban transport enterprises took a number of pro-ecological actions, which mostly concerned the purchase friendly for environment, ecological buses. In addition, the promotion of clean urban transport proved to be the most frequently chosen topic of priority in the analyzed business entities (especially in the Silesian voivodeship), with the longest average duration, as well as the highest average value of co-financing from EU funds.
The complexity of collective public transport processes has caused the legislators of EU countries to create permanent regulations concerning the functioning of both organisers and operators of these services. Due to the fact that the organisation of public transport generally lays in the hands of either a local government unit or the minister of transport, a legal person which shall execute the operational tasks of public transport should be appointed. A management board, either in the form of budgetary unit or individual department, usually takes care of the organisation of urban public transport. Local government units are as a matter of fact non-profit organisations which function within the framework of committed budget. This rule also applies to local organisations, which work towards communities. Therefore, a cognitive problem arises - could non-government organisations carry out certain special tasks of local collective public transport and if so, to what extent and how specialised would they have to be. This issue has a significant applicatory value of the possible provision of conditional guidelines of functioning. Those, in turn, could contribute to a strategy for a diversification of roles of public life organisers precisely through the activity of NGOs.
The article compares the largest cities in Poland - those inhabited by more than 300 000 people - in terms of incomes, expenses, their public transport offer and all the funds assigned by the cities to subsidize municipal public transport. There are prominent and significant differences between the cities in the amount of funds directed towards municipal public transport. Municipal public transport, a financing of public transport, cities, incomes and expenses of the cities. The differences in the involvement of the cities in the financing of municipal public transport means that the cities follow their own strategies with regards to the development of the municipal public transport systems, which is reflected in the funds allocated for subsidies.
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