Search results

1

Turki v slovenski zgodovinski povesti

100%

Hladnik M.

Slavia Meridionalis

|

2011

|

vol. 11

EN

The Turks in the Slovene historical novelDue to the Ottoman incursions in the 15th and 16th Century Turks play a role of national enemy in the Slovene cultural memory. The Turkish story consists of about 40 narratives of substantial length and is a prominent genre type of the Slovene historical novel. Josip Jurčič’s Jurij Kozjak, slovenski janičar (1864) is an archetype. Among three possible models of confronting the Other it chooses the most popular strategy for national survival, i. e. ignoring the Other: sooner or later dangerous Turks prove themselve as disguised Slovenes, hence abolishing the need to face the Other. The authors of the Slovene Turkish story include Jakob Sket (Miklova Zala, 1884), Franc Valentin Slemenik, Miroslav Malovrh, Lea Fatur, France Bevk, Ivan Lah, Ivan Sivec, etc. Turcy w słoweńskiej prozie historycznej W kulturowej pamięci Słoweńców Turcy jako najeźdźcy ziem słoweńskich w XV i XVI wieku zajmują miejsce wrogów narodu. Opowiadanie o tematyce tureckiej (ich liczba wynosi niemal 40) jest ważnym gatunkiem w słoweńskiej prozie historycznej. Jego pierwowzór, Jurij Kozjak, slovenski janičar (1864) Josipa Jurčiča, stworzył taki model zbiorowego doświadczenia, który podtrzymuje iluzję, że wrogi Inny właściwie nie istnieje: wcześniej czy później okazuje się bowiem, że niebezpieczni Turcy są jedynie przebranymi miejscowymi wieśniakami. Opowiadania o tematyce tureckiej pisali m.in. Jakob Sket (Miklova Zala, 1884), Franc Valentin Slemenik, Miroslav Malovrh, Lea Fatur, France Bevk, Ivan Lah, Ivan Sivec.

2

Erazmovský apel na vedenie vojny proti Osmanom

88%

Nagy I.

Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)

|

2014

|

vol. 6

|

issue 2

17-28

EN

We can observe the development of Erasmusʼs view of the Ottomans, particularly in the light of their military successes, as part of the thinking of this leading representative of Transalpine humanism, who enjoyed general respect among European monarchs in the first third of the 16th century. From the initial position of a Christian pacifist who wished to overcome the Ottomans by Christianizing them, he arrived at a conviction of the need for a military solution. Erasmusʼs work Utilissima consultatio de bello Turcis inferendo written in 1530, which is analysed in this study, is an appeal to the Augsburg Imperial Diet and to Charles V to take on the duty of the necessary defence of Europe and Christianity from the Ottomans and Islam.

3

Ruch Praw i Wolności – partia bułgarskich Turków

88%

Bieniek K.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica

|

2013

|

issue 11

8-20

EN

The main subject of the article is the Movement for Rights and Freedoms (Hak ve Özgürlükler Hareketi, HÖH) – a party that operates in Bulgaria and represents the Turkish national minority living in that country. In the course of the deliberations that aim at establishing whether the party is of ethnoregional character, the article discusses the historical functioning of the Turkish national minority in Bulgaria, the contemporary legal situation of the minority, and the genesis of the party. Then, the article describes the activity of the Movement for Rights and Freedoms on the Bulgarian political scene with respect to parliamentary, local, and European Parliament elections.

4

Kim są Turcy, Żydzi i inni Niemcy? Refleksje wokół najnowszej książki Petera Chametzky’ego

88%

Balisz-Schmelz J.

Przegląd Zachodni

|

2023

|

issue 3 (387)

149-161

EN

Who are the Turks, Jews, and other Germans? Reflections on Peter Chametzky’s latest book (Chametzky P., Turks, Jews, and Other Germans in Contemporary Art, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2021, 360 ss.

5

Aktualizace tureckého nebezpečí v iluminovaných hudebních rukopisech 16. století

75%

Šárovcová M.

Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)

|

2014

|

vol. 6

|

issue 2

72-84

EN

This paper deals with the impact of Christian-Muslim conflicts on early modern illuminated music manuscripts, in which Turkish motifs, symbols and characters occur in selected Old and New Testament subjects (the Žlutice Gradual, Louny Gradual, the Magdalena of the Golden Star Gradual, and the Sixt of Ottersdorf Gradual). The illumination in the Rakovník Gradual is a unique depiction of historical events from the Turkish wars.

6

Politika Bulharska vůči turecké národnostní menšině v letech 1971–1989

75%

Šisler F.

Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

|

2016

|

vol. 102

|

issue 1

53-90

EN

The aim of this article is to describe Bulgaria’s policies towards its Turkish minority in the 1970s and 1980s, analyzing its causes and consequences. The text is based upon the author’s study of unpublished sources and published editions of documents from the Bulgarian archives, as well of secondary literature of Bulgarian and Western provenience. In the first subchapter, Bulgaria’s minority policies in 1956–1971 are introduced because they are important for contextualizing later developments. The main part of the study is composed of two related texts that analyze the assimilationist character of Bulgaria’s policy for its Turkish minority, which reached its highwater mark in the so-called “renewal process”. These subchapters analyze the measures undertaken by Zhivkov’s administration in detail, and then examine reactions by members of the Turkish minority and the impact of the repressive policy on bilateral relations between Sofia and Ankara. In conclusion, the author attempts to evaluate the intentions behind these measures within the context of their time, and to answer the question of whether or not the initiative fulfilled its authors’ expectations.

7

Turcy i Imperium Osmańskie w proroctwach południowosłowiańskich

71%

Dziadul P.

Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia

|

2014

|

vol. 21

25-36

EN

The main aim of this work is the presentation and analysis of anti-turkish and anti-Islamic ideas found in the South Slavonic prophecies. Prophetic and apocalyptic literature developed in two connected directions in the Ottoman period among the Orthodox Slavs in the Balkans. On the one hand, old prophetic and apocalyptic material (such as the Revelation of Pseudo-Methodius, prophecies of Leo the Wise, the apocryphal Visions of Daniel) was actualized according to new historical-political circumstances. On the other hand, new anti-turkish prophecies were created in that period. However, marginal glosses, interpolations or compilations were often used in that process. Anti-Turkish and anti-Islamic ideas focused mainly on the future Ottoman doom and the image of the legendary emperor who was supposed to defeat the “Ishmaelites”.

PL

The main aim of this work is the presentation and analysis of anti-turkish and anti-Islamic ideas found in the South Slavonic prophecies. Prophetic and apocalyptic literature developed in two connected directions in the Ottoman period among the Orthodox Slavs in the Balkans. On the one hand, old prophetic and apocalyptic material (such as the Revelation of Pseudo-Methodius, prophecies of Leo the Wise, the apocryphal Visions of Daniel) was actualized according to new historical-political circumstances. On the other hand, new anti-turkish prophecies were created in that period. However, marginal glosses, interpolations or compilations were often used in that process. Anti-Turkish and anti-Islamic ideas focused mainly on the future Ottoman doom and the image of the legendary emperor who was supposed to defeat the “Ishmaelites”

8

Deutsch-türkische Freundschaft: über die Notwendigkeit des Einbindens der Migrantenliteratur in das Interkulturelle Lernen

65%

Reinhold U.

Glottodidactica

|

2010

|

vol. 36

211-223

EN

Every culture contains foreign elements, e.g. music. However, the strangeness of another culture can also find rejection of people towards it (examples in the latest history). In Germany the Turks were invited by an international contract to do the “dirty” work, but were exploited by the German employees. This was discovered by the work of Walraff. The multiculturalism is a fact that nobody can deny anymore. That is the reason why certain topics concerning immigrants and foreign cultures should appear in schools, especially in teaching literature. The literature of or about immigrants, especially the Turks, and its possibly fertile effects for intercultural understanding are discussed in the article.

9

Uprowadzanie mieszkańców Rzeczypospolitej do niewoli przez Tatarów i Turków w oczach siedemnastowiecznych pamiętnikarzy

63%

Ryba R.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Historicolitteraria

|

2021

|

vol. 21

339-351

EN

In the 17th century, both the Turks and (much more often) the Tatars invaded Poland. According to historians, the Tatars in particular treated the Polish Republic as an area of economic exploitation. Its most severe form was the forced captivity of inhabitants of the south-eastern borderlands. This was documented by diarists and memorialists of Polish seicento, including Jan Florian Drobysz Tuszyński, Mikołaj Jemiołowski, Joachim Jerlicz, Samuel Maskiewicz, Zbigniew Ossoliński, and Kazimierz Sarnecki. They drew attention to the mass character of the Tatar-Turkish thraldom: not only soldiers but also many civilians were kidnapped by the Tatars, who benefited from human trafficking and thus made them captives. The authors of the diaries documented the circumstances of the attacks, including the time and routes taken by the looters. They drew attention to the state of the captives and reconstructed the human martyrdom.

10

Obrazy Jiných v arménských historických pramenech 16.-18. století

63%

Kohoutková P.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

|

2009

|

vol. 96

|

issue 2

113-130

EN

Article concentrates mainly on the period before the Armenian genocide of 1915–1916, when the negative stereotype of the Turk as an ancestral enemy had not yet been so firmly ingrained as today. I am operating on the assumption that this stereotype, today presented as at least 900 years old and vigorously supported by Armenian propaganda, dates in reality from the early 20th century, probably originally concerning the category of Muslims in general and later the ethnic category of Kurds. I am looking for support for my hypothesis about the originally non-ethnically motivated image of the Muslim or of the economically defined category of the Kurd (nomad) with respect to the perception of Armenian authors in the texts of Armenian chronicles from the 16th till 18th centuries from the region of Van. Armenians there constituted the most populous minority in the Ottoman Empire while living in an extremely multicultural environment. The chronicles show a great variety of attitudes towards the category of Muslims and Heretics generally depending on the author, and they also provide an interesting anthropological excursion into the life of the local population.

11

O przeszłości politycznej Azerbejdżanu – od starożytności do podboju rosyjskiego i podziału kraju

51%

Kwiatkiewicz P.

Cywilizacja i Polityka

|

2015

|

vol. 13

234-244

EN

The political past of the area of Azerbaijan from ancient times to the first half of the 19th century formed part of the history of the Middle East. It was its integral part and people who have lived there partly shaped the culture and civilization of the region. Just like the other of its inhabitants, they experienced the invasion and conquest carried out by the army of Alexander the Great, the Persians, Arabs, Seljuk Turks and Mongols. Russian occupation of the northern part of Azerbaijan in the first half of nineteenth century was the beginning of separation of the country from the area which its created its identity.

12

Utváření (sebe)reprezentace křesťanského rytíře jako protitureckého bojovníka.

51%

Svoboda M.

Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)

|

2014

|

vol. 6

|

issue 2

169-185

EN

This study provides an assessment of the opportunities afforded by the wars against the Turks for the nobles in the Czech lands to provide a representation of themselves. The author deals with the issue of the utilization of wartime events with regard to the creation, bolstering and retention of the image of the aristocratic Christian knight based on Baron Melchior von Redern, in an active and passive, intentional and functional, public and private form.

13

Karaimistyka jako nieodłączny element turkologii w Wilnie

51%

Kobeckaitė H.

Almanach Karaimski

|

2014

|

vol. 3

65-78

EN

The main aim of this article is to describe the role played of two Turkic communities residing in the territory of the Great Duchy of Lithuania from the 14th century onwards – the Karaims and the Tatars – in the appearance and development of oriental and Turkological studies in Vilnius. A short overview of the state of Oriental Studies in Vilnius, in particular in Vilnius University in the 18th–19th centuries, and its correlation with the local “Orient”, is given in the first part of the article. Most of the article focuses on the period between the two world wars, when Karaim and Tatar scholars, educationists and spiritual leaders took a very active role in investigating and popularising their own cultural heritage and Turkic culture in general. Through publications in magazines, the activities of societies and communities, an available pool of effective and skilled experts Karaim and Tatars courses emerged in Vilnius as an equivalent subject to traditional Oriental Studies and Turkology. Their achievements paved the way for the great resurgence in national identity and the revival academic research and teaching on Lithuania’s national heritage after it regained its independence in 1990. Research on the Oriental heritage of the Lithuanian Grand Duchy was out of the question during the Soviet period. Today when linguistic and cultural studies and research on Karaim and Tatar culture have become an important feature of Turkology, the Oriental studies programme in Vilnius constitutes a relevant part of professional academic life.

14

Relations among Jews and Gentiles in Kosovo and Metohija between the Two World Wars: From Autocentrism to Assimilation

45%

Damjanović M. M.

Colloquia Humanistica

|

2020

|

issue 9

121-138

PL

Okres między dwiema wojnami światowymi w Kosowie i Metochii (1918-1941) to ważna epoka ochrony prawnej, rozwoju gospodarczego, samostanowienia narodowo-politycznego, emancypacji edukacyjno-kulturowej i ogólnego rozwoju tamtejszej społeczności żydowskiej. Wierna tradycji lokalna społeczność sefardyjska, wzbogacona o wpływy bardziej postępowych przybyszów aszkenazyjskich i otoczona w większości przez ludność islamską i chrześcijańską, w sferze prywatnej i publicznej aspirowała do wejścia na szerszą, ogólną ścieżkę współczesnych ruchów społecznych. Zachęcona przykładami z najbliższego otoczenia – ze strony narodów jugosławiańskich i bardziej rozwiniętych społeczności żydowskich w kraju, poprzez codzienne różnorodne obcowanie z sąsiadami i poprzez kontakty instytucjonalne, lokalna społeczność żydowska uległa metamorfozie. Zmiany wewnętrzne były częściowo uwarunkowane intensyfikacją stosunków ze światem nieżydowskim, z reguły podążały za tymi stosunkami i były ich nieuniknionym skutkiem. Równolegle z rozwojem coraz bardziej zróżnicowanych i częstszych kontaktów budujących, utrzymujących i poprawiających relacje międzyetniczne, na płaszczyźnie społecznej pojawiały się elementy nietolerancji międzyetnicznej, wynikającej z kontekstu politycznego, religijnego i ekonomicznego. Antysemityzm, oprócz kilku innych czynników (zamknięcie wewnętrzne, mentalność mieszkańców, tradycja ludowa, różnice wyznaniowe), dodatkowo obciążał i wstrzymywał jeszcze ściślejszą współpracę. Mimo tych sprzeczności integracja ze społeczeństwem jugosłowiańskim, zwłaszcza wśród młodego pokolenia, była pełna, ale tylko w wyjątkowych przypadkach kończyła się asymilacją, wyłącznie wśród nowo przybyłych Żydów, pochodzących z innych, bardziej otwartych i kosmopolitycznych środowisk. W artykule zostaną przedstawione i omówione liczne przykłady prywatnej i społecznej współpracy Żydów z Kosowa i Metochii z innymi narodami w podanych ramach chronologicznych, które miały przede wszystkim szersze znaczenie dla rozwoju regionalnego i postępu cywilizacyjnego.

EN

The period between the two world wars in Kosovo and Metohija (1918-1941) was a peak period of legal protection, economic development, national and political self-positioning, educational and cultural emancipation, and general progress of the local Jewish community. The local Sephardic community, dedicated to tradition, enriched by the presence of the most progressive Ashkenazi newcomers, and surrounded by the Islamic and Christian majority populations in the private and public arena, strived to access the broader, more general framework of modern societal trends. Encouraged by examples from the immediate surroundings, by the national Yugoslav framework and the more developed Jewish municipalities within the state, through daily and varied interaction with neighbors and institutional contact, a metamorphosis of the local Jewish community was enabled. Internal changes were partially conditioned by intensifying relations with the non-Jewish communities. They mostly accompanied these relations and were their inevitable outcome. Parallel to the development of increasingly diverse and more frequent contacts which were pursued in order to self-develop, to maintain and improve interethnic relations, at the social level there erupted elements of interethnic intolerance based on political, religious or economic grounds. Antisemitism strained and, alongside other factors (internal tightness, popular mentality, national tradition, religious differences), additionally complicated and halted closer cooperation. Besides these disagreements, integration into Yugoslav society was complete, especially among the young generation, but only in extraordinary conditions did it end in assimilation, which was exclusively enabled by the newly arrived Jews coming from other, more open and more cosmopolitan environments. This paper will show and elaborate on numerous examples of private and social collaboration between Kosovo-Metohijan Jews and other nations in the given chronological framework that were, above all, of wider importance for regional development and establishing civilizational heritage.

15

Russian Pilgrims of the 12th–18th Centuries on “The sweet land of Cyprus”

32%

Bliznyuk S. V.

Perspektywy Kultury

|

2020

|

vol. 30

|

issue 3

63-80

PL

Czas wypraw krzyżowych był także epoką pielgrzymowania do Jerozolimy. Rosyjski świat prawosławny nie zaakceptował idei wypraw krzyżowych i nie uważał zachodnioeuropejskich krzyżowców za pielgrzymów. Jednak Rosjanie również starali się organizować pielgrzymki, których cel upatrywali w osobistej skrusze i uwielbieniu Boga. Nawiedzanie chrześcijańskich relikwii znajdujących się na Cyprze było pożądane przez pielgrzymów udających się do Jerozolimy. Opierając się na metodzie analizy treści całego kompleksu pism pielgrzymów rosyjskich, a także pism kronikarzy cypryjskich, bizantyjskich, arabskich i rosyjskich, autorka bada historię podróży i pielgrzymek odbywanych przez Rosjan na Cypr od XII do XVIII stulecia, genezę rosyjsko-cypryjskich stosunków religijnych, międzykulturowych i politycznych, a także dynamikę ich rozwoju od pierwszych kontaktów w średniowieczu do nawiązania stałych stosunków dyplomatycznych i politycznych między oboma krajami we wczesnej epoce nowożytnej. Począwszy od XVII wieku stosunki rosyjsko-cypryjskie rozwijały się na trzech płaszczyznach: 1) Rosjanie na Cyprze; 2) greccy Cypryjczycy w Rosji; 3) wiedza o Cyprze i zainteresowanie Cyprem w Rosji. Greccy Cypryjczycy pojawili się w Rosji (na dworze carów rosyjskich) na początku XVII wieku. Znamy stałą korespondencję i wymianę posłów pomiędzy carami rosyjskimi a hierarchami cypryjskiego Kościoła Prawosławnego, która odbywała się w XVII-XVIII wieku. Obecność greckich Cypryjczyków w Rosji, zdobywanie informacji, studiowanie literatury cypryjskiej oraz przekładanie niektórych pism cypryjskich na język rosyjski sprzyjało interakcjom na płaszczyźnie zarówno politycznej, jak i kulturowej. Niniejszy artykuł podkreśla ważne historyczne, kulturowe, dyplomatyczne i polityczne funkcje pielgrzymek.

EN

The era of the Crusades was also the era of pilgrims and pilgrimages to Jerusalem. The Russian Orthodox world did not accept the idea of the Crusades and did not consider the Western European crusaders to be pilgrims. However, Russian people also sought to make pilgrimages, the purpose of which they saw in personal repentance and worship of the Lord. Visiting the Christian relics of Cyprus was desirable for pilgrims on their way to Jerusalem. Based on the method of content analysis of a whole complex of the writings of Russian pilgrims, as well as the works of Cypriot, Byzantine, Arab and Russian chroniclers, the author explores the history of travels and pilgrimages of Russian people to Cyprus in the 12th–18th centuries, the origins of the Russian-Cypriot religious, inter-cultural and political relationships, in addition to the dynamics of their development from the first contacts in the Middle Ages to the establishment of permanent diplomatic and political relations between the two countries in the Early Modern Age. Starting with the 17th century, Russian-Cypriot relationships were developing in three fields: 1) Russians in Cyprus; 2) Cypriots in Russia; 3) knowledge of Cyprus and interest in Cyprus in Russia. Cypriots appeared in Russia (at the court of the Russian tsars) at the beginning of the 17th century. We know of constant correspondence and the exchange of embassies between the Russian tsars and the hierarchs of the Cypriot Orthodox Church that took place in the 17th–18th centuries. The presence of Cypriots in Russia, the acquisition of information, the study of Cypriot literature, and translations of some Cypriot writings into Russian all promoted interactions on both political and cultural levels. This article emphasizes the important historical, cultural, diplomatic and political functions of the pilgrimages.

Refine search results

Turki v slovenski zgodovinski povesti

Erazmovský apel na vedenie vojny proti Osmanom

Ruch Praw i Wolności – partia bułgarskich Turków

Kim są Turcy, Żydzi i inni Niemcy? Refleksje wokół najnowszej książki Petera Chametzky’ego

Aktualizace tureckého nebezpečí v iluminovaných hudebních rukopisech 16. století

Politika Bulharska vůči turecké národnostní menšině v letech 1971–1989

Turcy i Imperium Osmańskie w proroctwach południowosłowiańskich

Deutsch-türkische Freundschaft: über die Notwendigkeit des Einbindens der Migrantenliteratur in das Interkulturelle Lernen

Uprowadzanie mieszkańców Rzeczypospolitej do niewoli przez Tatarów i Turków w oczach siedemnastowiecznych pamiętnikarzy

Obrazy Jiných v arménských historických pramenech 16.-18. století

O przeszłości politycznej Azerbejdżanu – od starożytności do podboju rosyjskiego i podziału kraju

Utváření (sebe)reprezentace křesťanského rytíře jako protitureckého bojovníka.

Karaimistyka jako nieodłączny element turkologii w Wilnie

Relations among Jews and Gentiles in Kosovo and Metohija between the Two World Wars: From Autocentrism to Assimilation

Russian Pilgrims of the 12th–18th Centuries on “The sweet land of Cyprus”