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1

THE IMPACT OF LABOR TAXATION ON JOB CREATION AND UNEPLOYMENT

100%
Kosi T., Bojnec Š.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2006
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vol. 54
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issue 7
652-667
EN
This paper investigates the relationship between labor taxation and labor market performance in the European Union (EU), with the special attention to the new EU member states. The impact of the labor tax wedge on employment/unemployment rates and their growth are analyzed. We employ ordinary least square (OLS) regression framework, which confirms very weak positive association between the labor taxes and the unemployment rate in the EU. The panel regression framework confirms statistically significant negative association between tax wedge on the labor costs and employment growth in the EU as a whole, though the correlation coefficient is rather small to make the conclusions. The negative impact of the labor taxation on the employment growth tends to be larger in the eight EU transition countries than in the rest of the EU.
2
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REGISTERED UNEMPLOYMENT VS. UNEMPLOYMENT ACCORDING TO THE LABOUR FORCE SURVEY (BAEL) (Bezrobocie rejestrowane a bezrobocie według BAEL)

100%
Janukowicz P.
Polityka Społeczna
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2010
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vol. 37
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issue 1(430)
18-20
EN
In Poland, two sources of data concerning unemployment rate are applied. The first one is closely linked to the registration of unemployed persons in the powiat labour offices and is called 'registered unemployment'. The second source is the data collected from the Labour Force Survey (Badanie Aktywnosci Ekonomicznej Ludnosci - BAEL), on the basis of which the labour force size and structure as well as the unemployment rate are assessed. When compared, the value of registered unemployment rate and the value of unemployment rate calculated on the basis of BAEL display some differences. The aim of this paper is to clarify the disparities between the registered unemployment rate and the unemployment rate estimated on the basis of BAEL, as well as to determine the factors leading to the differences in the process of calculating both indicators.
3

MODELLING OF THE UNEMPLOYMENT DURATION IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC BASED ON AGGREGATED COMPLETE AND INDIVIDUAL CENSORED DATA

100%
Malá I., Čabla A.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2022
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vol. 70
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issue 2
171 – 187
EN
The unemployment rate is considered to be one of the essential characteristics of the state of the economy. Unemployment duration can also describe the situation in the labour market. There are two sources of data on the duration of unemployment in the Czech Republic – data from the Labour Force Sample Survey provided by the Czech Statistical Office (aggregated or individual data) and aggregated data from the database of registered unemployed people held by labour offices under the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. Two parametric lognormal distribution is used to model the distribution of durations quarterly from 1Q 2000 to 2Q 2019. The maximum likelihood estimates of parameters are found from individual data taking into account censored (incomplete observations) when observing unemployment duration; the minimum chi-squared method is used to estimate parameters from aggregated data. Time series of estimated parameters from different data sources, estimation procedures and data types are presented and compared. The relationship between the rate of unemployment and the duration of unemployment is shown.
4

INVESTMENT AND THE RATE OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE VOIVODESHIPS OF POLAND (Inwestycje a stopa bezrobocia w województwach Polski)

100%
Guzik B.
Ekonomista
|
2009
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issue 6
683-711
EN
The article presents an analysis of the relationship between the rate of unemployment and investment outlays not, as usual, on a country basis, but for individual voivodeships (administrative regions of Poland). This approach made it possible to find some specific features of the influence of investment on unemployment in a variety of cases. Several types of models were evaluated in representing the relationship of the rate of unemployment and the index of investment outlays per person actively employed. Best results from a statistical viewpoint were obtained for linear models. These were used to discuss: (a) the intensity of changes in unemployment in the analyzed relationship to investment; (b) the initial situation (starting points) with regard to unemployment; (c) substitution between the starting points and intensity of change of the rate of unemployment as related to the index of investment; (d) the effects of hysteresis in unemployment in the years 2000 - 2001. Attention was also given to the phenomenon of the investment wedge to unemployment and grouping of voivodeships was made according to the types of relationship between unemployment and investment.
5
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COMPETITIVENESS OF THE ECONOMY AND THE SITUATION IN THE LABOR MARKET - ANALYSIS BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF POLISH VOIVODSHIPS DURING THE YEARS 2003-2008

100%
Kwiatkowski E., Kucharski L.
Olsztyn Economic Journal
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2010
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vol. 5
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issue 2
193-208
EN
Determination of the influence of the competitiveness of economy on the situation in the voivodship labor markets in Poland during the years 2003-2008 was the goal of the work. In this paper, in addition to the theoretical part attempting at presenting the influence of competitiveness on the situation in the labor market we also undertake an attempt at statistical-econometric verification of the influence of the competitiveness level on the situation in the voivodship labor markets. The analyses conducted indicate that the competitiveness level influences the situation in the voivodship labor markets positively during the analyzed period. The voivodships representing the highest competitiveness levels (i.e. Lower Silesian, Silesian and Mazowieckie voivodships) were characterized by the lower average unemployment rate levels and higher average employment rate indicator levels as compared to the voivodships with the lowest level of competitiveness (that group includes Podkarpackie, Swietokrzyskie and Podlaskie voivodships). In the voivodships where the competitiveness level increased the most during the period covered the situation in the labor market (measured by the unemployment rate and employment rate) improved more significantly than in the voivodships in which the level of competitiveness decreased the most. Econometric analyses also confirmed the positive influence of the improvement in the competitiveness level on the situation in the voivodship labor markets.
6

UNEMPLOYMENT AND AGGREGATE DEMAND IN SPAIN

88%
Čížek O.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2017
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vol. 65
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issue 5
459 – 481
EN
The paper contributes to the existing literature by incorporating the Keynesian principle of weak aggregate demand into the basic search-matching model of unemployment in a simple and novel way. Multiple equilibrium unemployment rates emerge as a result of this modification. It is shown that output demand not only plays short-term role but might be essential in the long-run as well. This is because the initial fall in aggregate demand may cause unemployment rate to converge to a higher (long-run) equilibrium. All these aspects are illustrated for the Spanish labour market and it is shown that the model with multiple equilibrium unemployment rates outperforms the baseline standard search and matching model in its forecasting performance as well as in its ability to describe huge persistent swings in unemployment.
7
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SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION - A METHOD FOR DEFINING AND CLASSIFYING REGIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC REGIONALIZATION IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC (Slovak title below)

88%
Slavik V., Grac R., Klobucnik M.
Sociológia (Sociology)
|
2011
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vol. 43
|
issue 2
183-204
EN
(Slovak title: Priestorova autokorelacia - metoda vymedzovania a klasifikacie regionov v kontexte socialno-ekonomickej regionalizacie Slovenskej republiky). Polarization and differentiation of the society is the result of close links between social and economic dimension, which is reflected not only in economic but also in social differences between regions, along with a wide range of other different factors. The article presents the results of the analysis aimed to identify the problem-ridden and developed regions in the Slovak Republic at the municipal level based on the characteristics of the economically active population and unemployment rates in 2001. The main method applied for classifying regions was the spatial autocorrelation which plays an important role in spatial statistics and spatial econometrics. Identifying and implementing the right variables in space and time contributed to detection of micro-regional differentiation and its consequences within the structural constraints of the analysed area.
8

FLOWS IN THE CZECH LABOR MARKET AND FOREIGN WORKERS

75%
Pošta V., Macáková L.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2015
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vol. 63
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issue 10
Macáková
EN
In the paper we analyse the flows in and out of the unemployed together with the flows of the foreign workers into the Czech labour market. Using the statistical data we provide comparison of the number of foreign workers and the unemployment rate in the Czech Republic and analyse the skill levels of jobs that the foreigners occupy. To test the possible effects of the presence of the foreign workers we use the theory of the search models and regression analysis and check for possible effects of foreign workers on the dynamics of wages and unemployment rate. We show that there no significant effects of foreign workers and that the search model gives rather satisfactory results with respect to the other determinants of wage growth and unemployment rate.
9

CAN INCREASING THE R&D INTENSITY LOWER UNEMPLOYMENT RATE? CASE OF FIVE SELECTED EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

75%
Çietçioglu S., Sokhanvar A.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2020
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vol. 68
|
issue 2
188 – 207
EN
This paper empirically examines the short-term and long-term effects of changes in R&D intensity on particularly the rate of unemployment in addition to economic growth for a sample of five European countries. Utilizing annual data for the sample period of 1991 – 2017, two alternative methodologies, namely the ‘ARDL bounds testing’ and ‘PMG estimation’ are employed. The empirical results have shown that there exists a long-run relationship between R&D, unemployment rate, and economic growth in four of the five countries investigated. Furthermore, the results of panel data analysis have suggested that even though in the long-run a given increase in R&D is likely to lower the rate of unemployment (in the average country of the sample), in the short-run, it can have adverse effects on unemployment. The paper argues that these empirical results can be taken as an evidence for the idea that even though the dominant form of technological change is in the form of ‘new task creation’ instead of ‘automation’, in the short-run new technologies may lead to an increase in the rate of unemployment due to the possible mismatch between the skills required by the newly created tasks (jobs) and the skills of the existing pool of workers.
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