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PL
Celem artykułu jest scharakteryzowanie zjawiska luki podatkowej, czynników wpływających na jej skalę oraz metod zaproponowanych przez Komisję Europejską, służących do jej zmierzenia. W artykule porównano lukę podatkową w Polsce do wybranych innych krajów członkowskich Unii Europejskiej oraz opisano próby zwiększenia efektywności w ściągalności podatku. Przedmiotem artykułu jest zdefiniowanie istoty i wartości luki podatkowej.
EN
The Article concentrates on the aspect of VAT taxation of cross-border supply of services. It aims at exploring the relation between harmonization of the value added tax and the freedom of supplying services - how the value added tax influences the freedom of supplying services within the common UE market and to what extend the VAT system is determined by the neccessity of ensuring the proper functioning of the freedom. Primarily, it is the concept of the common internal market that is presented in the Article with the focuse exclusively put on one of its fundamental freedoms - the freedom of supplying services. Subsequently, the selected changes in the field of VAT taxation of supply of services taken recently are analysed as well as the rules of taxation of the services are provided.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł rozważa kwestie podatku od towarów i usług rządzonego w prawie polskim ustawą z dnia 11 marca 2004 roku o podatku od towarów i usług, w związku z Dyrektywą Rady 2006/112/WE z dnia 28 listopada 2006 r. w sprawie wspólnego systemu podatku od wartości dodanej względem rekompensaty płatnej podmiotowi, którego jedynym wspólnikiem (akcjonariuszem) jest jednostka samorządu terytorialnego, takiemu jak spółka komunalna, wtedy gdy taki podmiot świadczy usługę w ogólnym interesie gospodarczym (UOIG) poddaną art. 106 ust. 2 TFUE. Niniejszy artykuł powraca do tychże zagadnień na kanwie ostatniego orzecznictwa polskich sądów administracyjnych oraz Trybunału Sprawiedliwości. Stan prawny na dzień 30 listopada 2021 roku.
EN
This paper shall consider the issues of Value Added Tax (podatek od towarów usług) governed in Poland by the Act of 11 March 2004 on VAT and taken together with Council Directive 2006/112/EC of 28 November 2006 on the common system of value added tax vis-à-vis compensation payable to a body that is wholly owned by a local authority (jednostka samorządu terytorialnego), such as a municipal company, and where that body provides a service of general economic interest (a SGEI) subject to Article 106 (2) TFEU. This paper revisits those issues in light of the recent case-law of Polish administrative courts and the case-law of the Court of Justice. The law is stated as it stood on 30 November 2021.
EN
Indirect taxes are an efficient source of income. These taxes play mainly fiscal roles. Social effects of their functioning seem to be just a side effect. Pursuing social policy in Poland is mainly left to direct taxes. However, a fiscal system shouldn't be the system in which the total amount of direct and indirect taxes charge the most the households of the lowest and average incomes, as it creates certain risks in the functioning of a contemporary Polish family. The aim of the article is to define redistribution effects of taxing the consumption of Polish households with Value Added Tax according to socio-economic groups in the years 1995-2009.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the VAT revenues in Poland within resent ten years. General (due to the study's limitations) analysis of the factors influencing VAT revenues is also carried out in the article. The analysis is accompanied by elaborating the factors responsible for the VAT revenues drop within resent two years. Finally, the attempt to present the outline of possible actions is presented, esp. those which could be taken to improve (from the budgetary perspective) the implementation of the fiscal policy in the scope of VAT.
EN
Liquidity should be understood as the ability of the enterprise to settle short-term liabilities. Because the taxes that benefit was forced, therefore, you can consider the issue of whether the provisions from which it appears to regulate the size and timing of these liabilities are fixed so as to not jeopardize the ability to regulate other obligations of the undertaking. This concerns in particular the income tax charged on business enterprises and the tax on goods and services. The changes, which came into force on 1 January 2013, in both of these taxes are a pretext for a detailed analysis of tax solutions such as cash basis and relief for bad debts in the tax on goods and services and the principle of cost adjustments in income tax in the context of liquidity companies. Also raises the question whether the tax law is the right place, and the tax regulations effective tool to combat congestion payments.
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