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EN
The article aims to analyse the formation and development of women’s secondary education in Volyn in the 19th-early 20th centuries under historical, sociocultural, and religious factors. Methods. The authors describe the historical, sociocultural, and religious situation in Volyn of the late 19th-early 20th centuries and apply comparative diachronic and synchronous analyses of the charters of the educational institutions for girls, their curricula and weekly workload. Systematised pedagogical approaches to teaching and testing students of the analysed schools are used. Results and conclusion. The formation and development of women’s education in Volyn in the 19th-early 20th centuries represents a natural, consistent change in the content and structure of educational processes under certain specific historical conditions. Due to subordination changes in the region, private Orthodox boarding houses for noble girls became widespread in Volyn. Ostroh Women’s Specialised School, founded by Countess Antonina Bludova, underwent a qualitative and structural transformation under the influence of specific historical events. Both Women Count D. Bludov Specialised School and the Bratsvo School aimed to raise a certified woman who can teach children at home and other educational institutions. Analysis of the statutes of educational institutions, programmes of academic disciplines, and weekly workload indicates following the educational sequence principle. In Women Count D. Bludov Specialised School, attention was paid to general disciplines in the first years of study (arithmetics, languages, geography, general history etc.). At the last stage (4th grade), students were taught pedagogy (methodology) directly related to their future profession.
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Dzieje rodziny Czackich na Wołyniu do XVIII wieku

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EN
The main seat of the Czacki family of the Świnka coat of arms was located in Greater Poland, in the Kościan district. The earliest noted owner of the Czacz village was, in 1352, Michał - a participant of the Greater Poland Confederacy (konfederacja wielkopolska). The most notable Czacki family members included Piotr, who became a German count of the and Andrzej - a high-ranking priest. Wojciech was the first Czacki to settle in Volyn at the beginning of the 17th century. The next recorded owners of the village were Bartłomiej and, subsequently, Aleksander. The Czacki line in Volyn begins with Wojciech Stanisław (1655-1699), Volyn ensign who took part in the battle of Chocim as a lieutenant, married to Katarzyna Zahorowska, daughter of Volyn castellan Stefan. Her dowry included the Poryck manor and the Poryck town became the Czacki family seat for several centuries. The sons of Wojciech Stanisław and Katarzyna were: royal rotmistrz (cavalry commander) Stefan Ignacy who died childless and Michał Hieronim (died 1745), Volyn castellan who married to Konstancja Wielohorska. The importance of the family increased thanks to their sons: Szczęsny (1723-1790), cupbearer of the Crown and Franciszek (1727-1787), guard of the Crown. Szczęsny was especially famous as a multiple memeber of the Sejm, interned by the Russian army for 7 years in in his manor in Poryck for his imnplaccably hostile attitude towards Russia. His older son Michał (died 1728) was a member of the Four-Year Sejm and the younger Tadeusz became famous inVolyn as the founder (in 1805) of the well-known Volhy- nian Gimnasium located in Krzemieniec.
EN
Popularisation of knowledge in Volyn Junior/Senior High School in Krzemieniec (1805–1832) was one of the forms of teachers’ activity. It enjoyed great fame among the local population, as a spectacle rather than on account of its intellectual value.It took place during the school year and during final public examinations (performances). Numerous audiences gathered at the experimental shows presented by Karol Jentz, professor of physics, as well as at practical gardening sessions conducted in the botanical garden by Karol Witzell, gardener. However, the school authorities had an ambivalent attitude towards this activity. On the one hand, the efforts of teachers were appreciated, on the other hand the spectacular nature of the shows raised serious reservations or even the reluctance of the superiors.
EN
History of the Soviet secret police in Volyn is a perfect example to illustrate the main problems of Soviet power in controlling the newly incorporated and also hostile to the USSR territory. On the one hand, we are dealing with an extremely efficient reproduction of power structures, but on the other hand we are dealing with a shortage and an exceptionally poor quality of personnel forming the new system. An early preparation of foundations of the new administration and managerial personnel had been largely nullified after the arrival in Volyn. For the Soviet secret police, this situation is perfectly noticeable both in their structure, and also in temporary efforts of the authority aiming at rescuing plans which are falling apart. In contrast to earlier liberated eastern districts of Ukraine by the Red Army, where the reconstruction of prewar structures did not encounter with resistance, Volyn was an extremely difficult and dangerous area. As far as the District Departments of the NKVD and NKGB formed on the east freely develop their activities and had no major problems with the reconstruction of departments and sections standing lower in the organizational hierarchy, so in Volyn even the best trained and experienced commanders were not able to perform their tasks without the adequate preparation of regular officials. In order to find a remedy for the dramatic shortage of personnel in the ranks of the Soviet secret police former partisans were massively conscripted, and local residents formed additional Destructive Troops.
EN
Many scientific works are lack the specific historical material, but complex, multidimensional processes of Ukrainian state are often considered after simplified traditional schemes, without taking into account regional specificity, due to the prolonged stay of Ukrainian lands in the structure of other state formations. The process of the institution establishment of the provincial government attached from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth territories is stipulated by the policy of the tsarist government aimed at strengthening of the centralized management of the Russian Empire. It acquired the concentrated shape in the «theory of official nationality», which envisaged the integration of autocracy, orthodoxy and nation into the «united and indivisible» Russia. The policy of the central authorities was determined as well by the struggle for spheres of influence between the «Russian imperialism» and by the Polish landowners’ elite, the attempt to tear the Ukrainian population from the Polish revolutionary movement. Catherine II considered each province as a governorship, and therefore at each of them appointed “the sovereign’s Viceroy or the Governor-General and subordinate to him «the ruler of the governorship or the Governor». Later, «the Governor of province or Governor became to be known as civil Governor. The latter had subordinated for the management of economic affairs «the Lieutenant Governor or Vice-Governor”. As a rule, the Governors-General were as well commanders of military districts. On the outskirts of the Empire, the Governor-General are not so much watched, but rather directed the state policy in a certain direction, as a kind of «repeater» of the cultural activities of the state, and in some places its founder. In the North-Western and South-Western region governors-General primarily pursued political goals: «to prevent the possibility of an armed uprising and to tighten the connection of the land with the Empire». The direct management of the province was exercised by civil governors. An important step in determining their place and role in the hierarchy of the higher ranks of the Empire, and a careful regulation of their activities was the «General instructions of the civil governors» (1837) Nicholas I. The order clearly defined the legal status of these governors primarily as «security guards inviolability of the supreme rights of the autocracy.» At the same time they had no right t to «make regulations..., install, taxes or charges», and they are not allowed to change court verdicts or to assume the functions of judges. The order stated the provisions of the welfare of the inhabitants of the province, their protection from unlawful harassment. One of the powerful levers of state policy in the Russian Empire was the Orthodox Church and faith; it is no accident that the civil Governor was given the responsibility in the ensuring favorable conditions for strengthening, protection from the split, the influence of heretical doctrines and facts of the proselytism. At the heart of the provincial institutions there was the principle of their division into administrative, judicial and financial. Full executive power belonged to the provincial government, headed by the civil Governor. The Job title of the provincial Prosecutor, the provincial solicitors for criminal and civil cases, provincial land surveyor, architect, etc. had been founded. Beside the provincial board, the Governor headed a significant part of other provincial agencies. The Governor, who was appointed by the Emperor at his discretion or on the proposal of the Ministry of internal affairs, was formally the head of the local provincial administration. He was the highest representative of the administrative and police authorities in the province, had broad administrative and supervisory credentials.
EN
The article highlights research findings of the ballad plots from the folklore repertoire of Volyn and Western Polissia of the end of the 19th century revealed in the records of Lesya Ukrainka and her family members (Mykhailo and Olha Kosach, Olena Pchilka) and also known in close Polish analogues of those days. The ballads, recorded by the Kosachs, are dominated by stories of family relationships and conflicts caused by marriage without love, long-term separation (the topic of incest), and the mother’s interference in a marital relationship that leads to murder, poisoning, and other tragic situations. A comparative analysis of ballad variants in two languages allows identifying not only the geographical area of spreading of ballad plots in the folklore of neighbouring nations, the specifics of plots, motifs, images, but also points to the features of the Ukrainian and Polish folklore works interaction on the borderlands. In the ballads, belonging to the International Ballad Fund, the plot-lines about wanderings of a dishonoured girl, the incest-related topics, mother’s poisoning of her daughter-in-law and son, about the death of a servant because of his/her mistress’ caprices, the wife’s murder of her husband are typical and similar to various languages. Ukrainian and Polish versions of the ballad-songs have similar features in the structural components of the lyrics, describing mostly life tragic collisions, everyday situations, dialogues of the characters, and artistic details. Despite the affi nity of plots, images, artistic means of expression, multilingual texts off er diff erent, oft en radically diff erent ways of resolving personal and family confl icts. In addition, they are oft en marked with national colouration and refl ect the features of local life, the social life realities of the Ukrainians, Poles, and other ethnic groups. Th e study has revealed that national attribution of the characters, their specifi c national names (especially in the Polish texts), polarization on the principle of ours/a stranger, a native/foreigner are the most noticeable features. Th e Ukrainian and Polish plots express mental ethnic stereotypes of folklore carriers, in particular, regarding women’s role in family and society.
PL
Cel badań. Celem badań było przedstawienie sportu i turystyki w działalności Związku Harcerstwa Polskiego w województwie wołyńskim w latach 1921–1939. Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego był jedną z najprężniej działających polskich organizacji na Wołyniu. Materiał i metody. Wykorzystano źródła archiwalne oraz literaturę odnoszącą się głównie do dziejów wychowania fizycznego i sportu na Wołyniu i w Polsce w okresie dwudziestolecia międzywojennego, a także literaturę dotyczącą dziejów harcerstwa. Zastosowano metodę analizy źródeł historycznych, metodę syntezy, dedukcji i indukcji. Wyniki. W pracy ukazano działalność Związku Harcerstwa Polskiego w województwie wołyńskim w okresie międzywojennym. Przedstawiono struktury organizacyjne harcerstwa polskiego na Wołyniu wraz z infrastrukturą. Wśród różnych rodzajów działalności harcerze uprawiali też sport i turystykę. Podejmowali również próby zdobywania odznak sportowych. Wnioski. Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego wniósł znaczny wkład w rozwój sportu i turystyki na Wołyniu. Spośród dyscyplin sportu największą popularnością cieszyły się gry sportowe, sporty wodne oraz strzelectwo. Dość istotny był udział harcerstwa województwa wołyńskiego w zdobywaniu Państwowej Odznaki Sportowej, Odznaki Strzeleckiej i Odznaki Łuczniczej.
EN
Background. The aim of the study was to present sport and tourism in the activity of the Polish Scouting and Guiding Association in the Volhynian province in years 1921–1939. The Polish Scouting and Guiding Association was one of the most vigorous Polish organizations in Volyn. Material and methods. The materials included archival sources and literature relating mainly to the history of physical education and sport in Volyn and in Poland in the interwar period, as well as literature on the history of scouting. The methods used were: analysis of historical sources, synthesis, deduction, and induction. Results. The paper discusses the activity of the Polish Scouting and Guiding Association in the Volhynian province in the interwar period. The organizational structures of the Polish scouting in Volyn, as well as the related infrastructure are presented. Among different types of activity, scouts also practised sport and tourism. They also participated in tests to gain sports badges. Conclusions. The Polish Scouting and Guiding Association contributed significantly to the development of sport and tourism in Volyn. Among sports disciplines, those enjoying greatest popularity were sports games, water sports, and shooting. The participation of scouts of the Volhynian province in obtaining the National Sports Badge, Shooting Badge, and Archery Badge was also quite considerable.
EN
Deputies interpellations are a valuable material for research policy Polish nationality in the years 1918–1939 (including the Polish-Ukrainian) and the role and place of the police in socio-political life of the state. Note, however, that the parliamentary interpellation were not always objective, and Members can give is not always verified data. So it is a source that should be handled with caution. The image of the police in the light of the interpellation deputies representing national minorities was mostly negative. In numerous interpellations they accused the police of unjustified use of repressive measures, persecution, unjustified use of violence to obtain testimony in making the crime and on the use of firearms to intimidate the local population. It should be noted that after each complaint, an investigation was carried out, but in most cases the result was not satisfactory to the party suing.
PL
Poselskie interpelacje są cennym materiałem dla badań polityki narodowościowej Polski w latach 1918–1939 (w tym i stosunków polsko-ukraińskich) oraz roli i miejsca policji w życiu społeczno-politycznym państwa. Należy jednak pamiętać, że poselskie interpelacje nie zawsze były obiektywne, a posłowie mogli podawać nie zawsze sprawdzone dane. Jest to więc źródło, którym należy posługiwać się z pewną ostrożnością.Wizerunek organów policyjnych w świetle interpelacji posłów reprezentujących mniejszości narodowe był przeważnie negatywny. W licznych interpelacjach oskarżano policję o stosowanie nieuzasadnionych środków represyjnych, prześladowań, bezpodstawnych środków przemocy w celu uzyskania przyznania się do winy oraz o wykorzystanie broni palnej do zastraszania ludności miejscowej. Należy zaznaczyć, że po każdej skardze przeprowadzano dochodzenie, lecz w większości wypadków rezultat nie był zadawalający dla strony pozywającej.
PL
W artykule zbadano specyfikę funkcjonowania i aktualizację językową nazw własnych zawartych w systemie epistolarnych autostereotypów etnicznych Łesi Ukrainki; ustalono decydującą rolę w tworzeniu choronimu Wołyń i pochodnych derywatów - wołyński, wołyńska, wołyńskie; określono regulatywność użycia wołyńskich astionimów Łuck, Kowel, komonimu Kołodeżno i katojkonimów Wołyniaky / Wołyniaki, Wołyniaczka / Wołynianka; przeanalizowano porównawcze konteksty użycia jądrowych ojkonimicznych nazw Wołynia i choronimów innych miejscowości geograficznych Ukrainy oraz innych państw, w szczególności Niemiec, Bułgarii i Gruzji; określono ważność używania tych nazw jako elementów własnej tożsamości i środków jej językowego autoportretowania.
EN
The article explores the peculiarities of the functioning and linguistic actualization of the proper names represented in the system of Lesia Ukrainka’s epistolary ethnic autostereotypes. The study has revealed the determinative role of the horonym Volyn and its derivatives волинський , волинська, волинське (volynskyi, volynska, volynske) in the formation of the system and regular use of Volyn astionyms Lutsk, Kovel, comonym Kolodyazhne and katoikonyms volyniaky / volyniaki, volynianochka / volynianka. The article focuses on the comparative analysis of the usage contexts of the nuclear oykonymic names of Volyn and the horonyms of other geographical territories of Ukraine and foreign states, in particular, Germany, Bulgaria and Georgia. The authors argue for the importance of using these names as elements of personal self-identification and a means of linguistic self-portraiture.
EN
This article presents the Book of Wonders of The Pochaiv Mother Of God Icon, the original which was kept in the Archives of the Dominican Fathers in Krakow and after many years became available to scientists. The records in the book cover the 17th – early 19th century, and primarily focus on the 18th century, when the Icon (1773) was crowned it lent colour on the over confessional religious mentality of the population of these areas. The author of the article also focuses on the analysis of The Book, its characteristic and unique features which combine two traditions: the Eastern Orthodox and the Catholic West. The article gives a lot of information not only about the number of believers who have experienced miracles, social and financial status, but also about their religious affiliation, which interests us most, because Uniates, Catholics and Orthodox inhabitants of the studied areas have raised thanksgiving for miracles made by the wonderful Icon.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia Księgę Cudów Ikony Bogarodzicy Poczajowskiej, której oryginał przechowywany jest obecnie w Archiwum Polskiej Prowincji Dominikanów w Krakowie i po długiej przerwie powraca do naukowego obiegu. Zapisy księgi obejmują okres od XVI do początku XIX wieku, przede wszystkim jednak skupiają się na wieku XVIII, kiedy doszło do koronacji cudownej ikony Najświętszej Maryi Panny Poczajowskiej (1773), i rzucają światło na kwestię ponadkonfesyjnej mentalności religijnej ludności na wschodnich ziemiach Rzeczypospolitej (tereny ukraińskie) od XVII wieku do początku stulecia XIX. Analiza Księgi wykazała charakterystyczne i unikatowe jej cechy, które są rezultatem połączenia miracularnej tradycji prawosławnego Wschodu i katolickiego Zachodu. Artykuł dostarcza równie informacje na temat wiernych, którzy doświadczyli cudów, pozwala wnosić o ich liczebności, statusie społecznym i finansowym, a także o religijnej przynależności. Ten ostatni czynnik interesuje nas szczególnie, ponieważ uniccy, katoliccy i prawosławni mieszkańcy badanych terenów wznosili wspólne dziękczynienie za cuda dokonywane przez Najświętszą Marię Pannę w cudownej ikonie poczajowskiej.
RU
Парафіяльний храм Успіння Пресвятої Діви Марії в Колках на Волині було збудовано в другій половині XVII століття. Його фундатором був Самуїл Казимир Лещинський, придворний чиновник. Бойові дії під час Першої світової війни призвели до спалення храму. Відбудував його в 1929+1930 рр. колківський настоятель, о. Едвард Зайончковський, а освя­тив – луцький суфраган, єпископ Стефан Вальчикевич, у липні 1930 року. В 1937 році, згідно з рішенням луцького ординарія, єпископа Адольфа Шельонжека, відбулася зміна настоятеля парафії в Колках. З цього при­воду тогочасний настоятель, о. Антоні Скшипковський, уклав 24 травня 1937 року протокол здачі-прийняття колківської парафії, а також два ок­ремі протоколи, перший з яких стосувався обрахунків кількості цинкова­ної бляхи, використаної для перекриття даху під час будівництва нового костела, другий же містив точний фінансовий звіт, в якому вияснялися всі претензії виконавців будівельних робіт до інвестора, в ролі якого висту­пав настоятель, о. Едвард Зайончковський. До вищевказаних документів було долучено також два інвентаря – парафіяльного храму і будинку пле­банії – які 11 червня 1937 року були передані настоятелем своєму наступ­никові, о. Конрадові Мошковському, що виконував своє пастирське слу­жіння в Колках вже як останній настоятель цієї парафії.
EN
The parish church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Kołki in Volhynia dates back to the second half of the 17th century. It was founded by Samuel Kazimierz Leszczyński, a court official. The church was burnt during the First World War and rebuilt in the years 1929-1930 by the parish priest of Kołki, Rev. Edward Zajączkowski, and then consecrated in July 1930 by the suffragan of Lutsk, Bishop Stefan Walczykiewicz. In 1937, the parish priest in the Kołki parish, Rev. Antoni Skrzypkowski, was dismissed by the decision of the bishop of Lutsk, Adolf Szelążek. The outgoing parish priest prepared, on 24 May 21937, the protocol of delivery and acceptance of the Kołki parish and two additional protocols: the one concerned the calculation of the quantity of zinced sheets used to cover the church roof during the construction of the new church, and the other contained detailed financial statements that explained the claims of the contractors of the construction works towards the investor, the then parish priest – Rev. Edward Zajączkowski. Additionally, two inventories, concerning the parish church and the presbytery, were attached to the protocols mentioned above. On 11 June 1937, the documents were given to Rev. Skrzyp­kowski’s successor – Rev. Konrad Moszkowski, who was the last parish priest in the Kołki parish.
PL
Kościół parafialny pod wezwaniem Wniebowzięcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny w Kołkach na Wołyniu pochodził z drugiej połowy XVII wieku. Był on fundacją Samuela Kazimierza Leszczyńskiego, urzędnika dworskiego. Uległ on pożarowi w czasie działań pierwszej wojny światowej. Odbudowany został w latach 1929-1930 przez proboszcza kołkowskiego ks. Edwarda Za­jączkowskiego i konsekrowany w lipcu 1930 roku przez sufragana łuckiego biskupa Stefana Walczykiewicza. Decyzją ordynariusza łuckiego biskupa Ad­olfa Szelążka w 1937 roku nastąpiła zmiana proboszcza w parafii Kołki. Stąd dotychczasowy proboszcz ks. Antoni Skrzypkowski sporządził 24 maja 1937 roku protokół zdawczo-odbiorczy parafii Kołki oraz dwa oddzielne protoko­ły: pierwszy dotyczył obliczenia ilości blachy cynkowej użytej do pokrycia dachu kościelnego przy budowie nowego kościoła i drugi zawierający dokład­ne zestawienia finansowe, które wyjaśniły szczegółowo zgłaszane pretensje wykonawców prac budowlanych wobec inwestora, jakim był ówczesny pro­boszcz – ks. Edward Zajączkowski. Do powyższych zostały dołączone dwa sporządzone inwentarze: kościoła parafialnego i domu plebańskiego, prze­kazane dnia 11 czerwca 1937 roku swemu następcy - ks. Konradowi Mosz­kowskiemu. Sprawował swoje obowiązki pastoralne w Kołkach jako ostatni proboszcz tej parafii.
RU
В статье исследованы источники формирования и становления украинской элиты Волыни межвоенного периода ХХ века.
EN
The article examines the sources of formation of the Ukrainian elite Volhynia interwar period of the twentieth century.
PL
Artykuł analizuje źródła powstawania i rozwoju elity ukraińskiej na Wołyniu w okresie międzywojennym XX wieku.
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