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EN
The article discusses the role of the Miechów Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre (Miechovites) in the Przemyśl region under the reign of Władysław II Jagiełło.
PL
Artykuł omawia rolę zakonu bożogrobców z Miechowa (Miechowitów) na ziemi przemyskiej za panowania Władysława II Jagiełły.
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Porównanie Zygmunta III z Władysławem Jagiełłą

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EN
The comparison of Sigismund III to Władysław II Jagiełło, far too more reaching that this one which 150 years ago was superficially done by Antoni Morzycki and which barely signalised infair historian judgement, may definitely help to understand both policy and aspirations by the great monarch and help to denounce the suffering in historiography stereotypes and prejudices concerning his figure and his reign. In Poland both Sigismund III and Władysław II Jagiełło ruled almost half a century, in almost 200 years interval. The Polish-Swedish Union like the Polish-Lithuanian Union took place 2 centuries earlier opened new perspectives. Its main reasons, from the point of view of Sigismund were identical with Jagiełło's expectations. The first of these reason was to gain help to conquer Moscow. Sigismund III on ascending the Polish throne, as a Swedish monarch with the help and in accordance with his father’s – the King of Sweden John III expectations, meant to take power in Kremlin having carried out a partial partition of the Moscow’s state. Much the same Jagiełło ascending the throne of Poland meant to implement his father’s Olgierd plans to centralize under the power of the Grand Duke of Lithuania the whole of Rus area including Vladimir on the Klyazma River and Moscow itself. The second reason behind the creation of the Union with Poland was, for Sigismund just like for Jagiełło 2 centuries earlier, to gain additional power to overcome opposition in his hereditary state. Sigismund becoming the king of Poland did not diminish his power in Sweden, but alike 200 years earlier Jagiełło in Lithuania, he enlarged his reign with new territory. They both believed that they would gain armed forces and royal authority to restrain respectively Sigismund – uncle in Sweden and Jagiełło – his relatives in the area of Lithuania and Rus. The third reason was growing in power Prussia, which Sigismund III wanted to include to Poland, which corresponds to the planned at the times of Jagiełło Polish-Lithuanian treat with the Teutonic threat. In both cases expectations were faced with brutal reality. The Polish-Lithuanian Union alike the Polish-Swedish Union changed for a few centuries the fate of few Central-Eastern European nations. The chances, however, which were created by the Polish, the Lithuanian, the Swedish and the Finnish people respectively against Władysław II Jagiełło and the grandson of his grandson – Sigismund III were left not only unused but wasted. It is best proved by the partition of Polish-Lithuanian Republic that took place together with the end of ‘season’ of Swedish
EN
During the reign of king Władysław II Jagiełło (1386-1434), the Mazovian Piasts participated actively in all conflagrations between their sovereign and forces of the Teutonic Order: at the beginning of the 1390s; during the so-called great war against the Teutonic Order 1409-1411; in warfare of 1414; in a short-lived military expedition of 1419 (abandoned due to the intervention of Sigismund of Luxembourg's envoy, Bartholomew de Capra, Archbishop of Milan) and in the war of 1433. In this way, king Władysław II strenghtened his army, provided better supplies for his troops, and prevented the Mazovian Piasts from siding with the Teutonic Order.
PL
Za panowania Władysława Jagiełły (1386-1434) Piastowie mazowieccy aktywnie uczestniczyli we wszystkich konfliktach zbrojnych toczonych pomiędzy swoim suwerenem a siłami Zakonu Krzyżackiego – na początku lat dziewięćdziesiątych XIV w.; w czasie tzw. wielkiej wojny z Zakonem Krzyżackim 1409-1411; w walkach 1414 r.; w krótkotrwałej wyprawie 1419 r. (zaniechanej na skutek interwencji wysłannika Zygmunta Luksemburskiego, arcybiskupa Mediolanu Bartłomiej de Capra) i w wojnie 1433 r. W ten sposób król Władysław II wzmacniał własne siły wojskowe, zapewniał lepszą aprowizację dla swoich wojsk i uniemożliwiał Piastom mazowieckim (zwłaszcza Siemowitowi IV) opowiedzenie się po stronie zakonu.
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EN
The greatest amount of information on everyday life and festive life at the courts of the Polish rulers of the Late Middle Ages can be found in the preserved court accounts. The following text provides a short excursion into the contents of the court accounts of Władysław II Jagiełło and several other sporadically preserved accounting sources.
PL
Wydarzenia które nastąpiły po zwycięskiej bitwie pod Grunwaldem (15 VII 1410) doprowadziły do krótkotrwałych rządów króla Władysława II Jagiełły w Prusach. Można je więc postrzegać jako precedens dla słynnego hołdu lennego złożonego sto piętnaście lat później (1525) przez księcia Albrechta Hohenzollerna królowi polskiemu Zygmuntowi I Staremu. O zainicjowaniu nowej strategii przez zwycięzców spod Grunwaldu nazajutrz po bitwie świadczy szereg przesłanek źródłowych. Były to głównie hołdy poddanych krzyżackich zbierane podczas powolnego marszu wojska polsko-litewskiego pod Malbork oraz w czasie oblężenia zamku. Król polski traktował wówczas Prusy jak swoje władztwo, a miejscowych jak swych poddanych. Ten stan rzeczy zakończył się wraz z opuszczeniem Prus przez wojska królewskie. Precedens z lata 1410 r. wpłynął inspirująco na dalszą politykę Jagiellonów wobec zakonu krzyżackiego.
EN
Events which occurred after the victorious battle of Grunwald (15 VII 1410) led to a short-lived reign of King Władysław II Jagiełło in Prussia.Therefore, those events can be seen as a precedent for the famous Prussian homage 115 years later (1525) by Prince Albrecht Hohenzollern to the Polish King Sigismund I the Old. The initiation of a new strategy by the winners of the battle of Grunwald finds confirmation in the sources. These were mainly tributes from subjects of the Teutonic Knights that were taken during the slow march of the Polish-Lithuanian army to Malbork, and during the siege of the castle. King of Poland treated Prussia as his land, and locals as his subjects. This state ended when the royal army left Prussia. That event of the year 1410. inspired further policy of Jagiellons against the Teutonic Order.
EN
Events which occurred after the victorious battle of Grunwald (15 VII 1410) led to a short-lived reign of King Władysław II Jagiełło in Prussia.Therefore, those events can be seen as a precedent for the famous Prussian homage 115 years later (1525) by Prince Albrecht Hohenzollern to the Polish King Sigismund I the Old. The initiation of a new strategy by the winners of the battle of Grunwald finds confirmation in the sources. These were mainly tributes from subjects of the Teutonic Knights that were taken during the slow march of the Polish-Lithuanian army to Malbork, and during the siege of the castle. King of Poland treated Prussia as his land, and locals as his subjects. This state ended when the royal army left Prussia. That event of the year 1410. inspired further policy of Jagiellons against the Teutonic Order.
EN
The aim of the following article is to present the attitudes of Jan Długosz towards the issue of crowning the representatives of foreign dynasties as kings of Poland. Thus, the article focus‑ es on Długosz’s opinions regarding the following rulers of Poland: Wenceslaus II of Bohemia, Louis I of Hungary and Władysław II Jagiełło, who all came to Poland from the neighboring countries and who represented dynasties other than the Piast dynasty. To this end, the article presents Długosz’s opinions regarding the ascensions of foreign monarchs to the throne in the Kingdom of Poland, as well as discusses both the benefits and the disadvantages of having a foreign ruler on the throne, included in his Annales. In the last section of the article, refer‑ ring to the descriptions of the monarchs’ reigns found in Długosz’s opus magnum, attempts to ascertain the influence of their foreign (ethnically, religiously or culturally) ancestry on the subject matter of Długosz’s comments.
EN
The article is an attempt to direct the reader’s attention to the doubts concerning credibility of the sources indicating the time and circumstances of bringing the relics of the True Cross to the Lublin Dominican Church. The existing sources basically differ from each other in this respect, which made researchers take an attitude towards credibility of the accounts, or make attempts at reconciling their contents. An analysis of the context of the events connected with the possible circumstances of bringing the relics from Ruthenia to Lublin shows that it is possible to fix the date of the event in the first decades of the 15th century and to indicate King Władysław II Jagiełło and the Polish Dominicans as the people who were especially involved in it. At the same time it means that it is necessary to depart from the literal understanding of Jan Długosz’s account of the circumstances of bringing the relics to Lublin, and also to ask the question about the causes why he made changes in his account of the events.
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