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1
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Absolute and Relative Wages in Polish Economy with the Focus on the Health Care System

100%
Ruzik A.
Polityka Społeczna
|
2008
|
vol. 35
|
issue 7(412)
11-13
EN
The paper describes changes in the health sector wages in Poland in absolute terms as well as in relation to an average wage in the economy. The period of the analysis covers years 1998-2007, with a special focus on changes since 2004. It has been shown that nominal wages in the health sector have been increasing in the last years. Quite recently also their relation to an average has improved. Observed labour market and sector trends strengthen by a possible future labour supply shortages could have an effect on the increase in medical labour cost share in total costs of the Polish health care system.
2

MEZIREGIONÁLNÍ MIGRACE OBYVATELSTVA V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE: ROLE LIKVIDITNÍCH OMEZENÍ

80%
Horváth R.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2007
|
vol. 55
|
issue 8
731-746
EN
In this paper we estimate the determinants of inter-regional migration of Czech population in the years 1992-2001. Despite the increasing disparities among the regions, we find that the migration rate remains at the relatively low levels and economic variables such as unemployment or wages matter only to a certain extent. The results indicate that the liquidity constraints play a role and therefore, the migration rates are higher only among the richer regions.
3
Content available remote

THE TAX WEDGE IN POLAND COMPARED TO OTHER EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES (Klin podatkowy w Polsce na tle krajów Unii Europejskiej)

80%
Nadolny L.
Polityka Społeczna
|
2009
|
vol. 36
|
issue 5-6(422-423)
11-15
EN
The aim of this article is to present the tax wedge issue in Poland and other European Union countries. The first part of the article covers the theoretical basis of the influence of tax wedge on labor market. Then, there is an overview of the structure of tax wedge in Poland for average monthly gross wage in 2008. The last part consists of the comparison of tax wedges in Poland and other European Union countries. The results show that in Poland the size of tax wedge does not vary with wages as opposed to many other EU member countries.
4
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REMUNERATION AS THE INSTRUMENT FOR SHAPING THE SOCIAL POTENTIAL OF ENTERPRISES

80%
Stachowska S.
Olsztyn Economic Journal
|
2010
|
vol. 5
|
issue 2
229-241
EN
Finding the answer to the question whether and to what extent wages are used for shaping the social potential in large production enterprises was the basic goal of the presented studies. The studies were conducted by means of the questionnaire-based method. They encompassed large industrial enterprises (employing more than 250 employees) situated in the area of Warminsko-Mazurskie voivodship. Research material was obtained from 45 enterprises. Generally, the results of the studies conducted indicate that the enterprises covered conducted expansive remuneration polices focused on high effectiveness. Consequently to the priorities they try building remuneration models and select remuneration tools. The appropriate setting of the directions for the implemented remuneration strategy in combination with organizational strategy is accompanied in many companies by clear weakness in the instrumental aspect. Wages are still underappreciated as tools for development of the social potential of the organization and remuneration policies of enterprises are subjected mainly to achievement of short-term goals.
5
Content available remote

Gender Wage Gap in Urban China

80%
Yuan N.
Ekonomia. Rynek, Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo
|
2005
|
issue 17
90-102
EN
This paper analyses the gender wage gap and returns to education in urban China using data collected from Fangshan, Beijing. The traditional Oaxaca decomposition shows that the unexplained part seems to dominate the gender wage gap in urban China. The Appleton decomposition, which takes into account sectoral location, shows that the gender gap is mostly within sector and most of the intra-sector wage gap is unexplained. The gender pay differential due to sectoral location is small; in fact, the overall sectoral location favours female in urban China.
6

Expansion of higher education, 'graduate unemployment' and the market value of a degree

80%
Kertesi G., Kollo J.
Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)
|
2006
|
vol. 53
|
issue 3
201-225
EN
It is often argued that the expansion of higher education, which has doubled the annual flows of college and university graduates onto the Hungarian labour market, is inevitably conducive to high unemployment among high-skilled youth, and/or a dramatic fall in their returns from higher education. The paper looks at the evolution of the employment, unemployment, and relative wages of graduates from higher education, using data from the Labour Force Survey (1995-2003) and the Wage Survey (1992-2004). The analysis relates to age cohorts across and within occupations, and discusses the possible effects on older and less skilled workers. Young people's returns on higher education increased substantially in 1992-2000, and fell thereafter, especially in the business sector. Workers with a secondary-school background lost jobs and experienced falling relative wages in occupations subject to huge inflows of university graduates. However, the employment ratios were rising and unemployment falling, among university graduates and among less educated workers 'ousted' by them. The results suggest that after a decade of skill upgrading and excess demand for highly skilled youth, the markets are now moving along more or less stable demand curves.
7
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WAGES, PAY OR SALARY? (PLaca, wynagrodzenie czy zarobek?)

80%
Jacukowicz Z.
Polityka Społeczna
|
2009
|
vol. 36
|
issue 2(419)
1-4
EN
In Poland, salary is the main word used to describe income from work. In practice however, people use a variety of expressions, depending on how the work contract they are referring to is formulated. This discrepancy frequently creates confusion as to which exact word should be used in which specific instance. The goal of this text is to precisely define those different words. In the article the names for remuneration, which are most frequently used, are listed, their meaning is discussed, their origin and subtle differences are outlined. The question, how the changes in labour relations and salary systems influence creation of new vocabulary, and how they change is answered.
8

Implementation of Multidimensional Cointegrative Analysis to Models of the Polish Economy

80%
Welfe A., Karp P., Klebowski P.
Ekonomista
|
2005
|
issue 5
645-658
EN
The main objective of this study was focused on the analysis of long-term relations among wages, prices and output during the systemic transformation in Poland. Monthly data covering the entire period of 1993-2002 were used. The obtained results indicate that labour productivity and the state of the labour market were determining the average wages. Inflation is mainly dependent on the changes in wages, labour productivity and prices of imported goods. The rate of economic growth was predominantly influenced by capital/labour ratio, inflow of foreign direct investments and the speed of privatization, which also accelerates organizational change.
9

MIGRATION RESPONSES TO REGIONAL LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS IN SLOVAKIA

70%
Ondoš S., Káčerová M.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2015
|
vol. 63
|
issue 2
188 – 212
EN
Migration is expected to play an important role in establishing labour market equilibrium as implied by the neoclassical regional growth model. The economy in Slovakia has experienced a series of major interventions, potentially accompanied by regional adjustment processes: the post-socialist transition from a planned to an emerging market economy, partial separation from the Czech economy, and integration into the global economy on the basis of European Union membership and resultant investments. The core-periphery structure of the national labour market is expected to affect relocation decisions of households, and vice versa, migrants are expected to modify regional labour markets based on the origin and destination of their moves. This paper examines the migration response based on varying regional economic conditions. The spatial panel modelling framework is used to verify the existence of effects from unemployment rates and the level of employees' wages. These levels and lagged first differences between one and ten years suggest a complex chronological response in the size and significance of the effects, differentiating between early and late responses within and between regions.
10

Vplyv opodatkuvannya i pidvyshchennya komunal'nykh taryfiv na vyplatu zarobitnoyi platy «v konvertakh»

70%
Zhukova T. A.
Mekhanizm Rehuluvannya Economiky
|
2016
|
vol. 4(74)
145-151
EN
The article is devoted to topical issues of raising utility tariffs and tax revenues, as one of the main filler budget of Ukraine. The article analyzes the problem of tax avoidance, studied the causes of "black" salaries and the consequences for workers and the employer at payment of of such salaries, analyzes the problems of legalization of wages in context of permanent economic and political changes. It is proved that enterprises of different ownership forms, evading existing laws, develop various schemes of payment of wages "in envelopes", or "black" wages. Defining characteristics of "black" cash payments to employees and the scheme of "black" wages, benefits and drawbacks of its shadowing. It is proved that raising the minimum wage contributes to a positive increase in the official part of the wages of unscrupulous employers. Defined ways to increase the interest of employers in salary legalization.
11

The missing link? Experience-earnings profiles and earnings fluctuation

61%
Gabor-R. I.
Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)
|
2008
|
vol. 55
|
issue 12
1057-1074
EN
Built upon data from 11 succeeding annual wage surveys carried out between 1992 and 2003 by the National Employment Service in Hungary, the paper uses elementary statistical tools to examine whether or not earnings fluctuations have differed in size among groups of employees with different degrees of schooling and experience, and if they have, whether the observed differentials may be related to differences in the respective experience-earnings profiles of the groups. Findings suggest that earnings fluctuations have differed in size across those groups, and that they appear to have done so in association with group-specific experience-earnings profiles. Assuming that differences in the observed magnitudes of earnings fluctuations are at least partly due to differences in the flexibility/rigidity of the attained market rates of earnings, and that flexibility/rigidity of those rates is a determinant of unemployment, it seems reasonable to suspect that long-discovered systemic differences in unemployment across groups with different degrees of schooling and experience (and, perhaps, across countries as well) may also be related in part to differences in the shapes of their experience-earnings profiles.
12
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EFEKTÍVNOSŤ INVESTIČNEJ POMOCI OPTIKOU TVORBY NOVÝCH PRACOVNÝCH MIEST

61%
Bobenič Hintošová A., Bruothová M., Barlašová T.
Sociológia (Sociology)
|
2021
|
vol. 53
|
issue 6
523 - 548
EN
This socioeconomic study is focused on the quantitative multilevel evaluation of the provided investment aid efficiency under the conditions of the Slovak Republic. An analysis of the effects of provided investment aid on selected labour market indicators from the perspective of new job creation is performed. The study is based on the regression analysis and calculation of the efficiency coefficient. The results show that investment aid contributes to the wage increase on regional level, but the condition of new jobs creation cannot be considered efficient from wages and costs of state point of view.
13

FLOWS IN THE CZECH LABOR MARKET AND FOREIGN WORKERS

61%
Pošta V., Macáková L.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2015
|
vol. 63
|
issue 10
Macáková
EN
In the paper we analyse the flows in and out of the unemployed together with the flows of the foreign workers into the Czech labour market. Using the statistical data we provide comparison of the number of foreign workers and the unemployment rate in the Czech Republic and analyse the skill levels of jobs that the foreigners occupy. To test the possible effects of the presence of the foreign workers we use the theory of the search models and regression analysis and check for possible effects of foreign workers on the dynamics of wages and unemployment rate. We show that there no significant effects of foreign workers and that the search model gives rather satisfactory results with respect to the other determinants of wage growth and unemployment rate.
14
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FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS AND LABOUR FORCE INDICATORS IN TRANSITION ECONOMIES: LINEAR MIXED-EFFECTS MODELS IMPACT ANALYSIS

61%
Peric M., Filipovic S.
Sociológia (Sociology)
|
2021
|
vol. 53
|
issue 3
238 – 265
EN
Main objective of this paper is to analyse the impact of foreign direct investments (FDI) on labour force in transition economies, through monitoring and quantification of selected labour force market indicators. This research analyses and discusses the effects of FDI inward flow on labour force indicators in transition economies from the economic and social point of view (i.e. quality of life of labour force). The paper argues that FDI inward flow should have a positive effect on labour force, through the increase of employment growth rate, wages, and reduction of income inequality. Data processing was done by applying Linear Mixed-Effects Models on 17 transition countries during the period 2000 – 2017. The findings show a positive and significant impact of FDI inward flow on employment rate and on wages and salaries, while the impact of FDI inward flow on income inequality is uncertain. Finally, there are policy and future research recommendations.
15

IDENTIFYING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN UNEMPLOYMENT AND WAGE DEVELOPMENT IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC

61%
Pauhofová I., Stehlíková B.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2018
|
vol. 66
|
issue 5
503 – 521
EN
The problem of high unemployment and expected further growth repetitively appears among major global trends, along with the deepening of social instability. This leads to increased inequalities and deepening polarization of wealth as one of the top three global risks. The aim of this paper is to present the results of unemployment and wage development in Slovakia for the period 2000 – 2015 (at the national and regional levels). The added value for Slovakia results is a comparison of the relevant indicators between Czech Republic, Slovak Republic and Hungary. The authors further focus on the wage development dependence on the development of unemployment. Analyses in the paper are based on data from Eurostat, OECD, the Statistical Office and the Central Office of Labour, Social Affairs and Family in Slovakia. Findings (using quantile regression): increasing unemployment, wages in the districts of SR did not grow (in the focused period), increases in wages in districts with higher unemployment rates were lower than in districts with a lower unemployment rate, in the least developed districts reduced unemployment led to a minor increase in wages than expected.
16

Makroekonomichna dylema mizh produktyvnistyu pratsi y zarobitnoyu platoyu

61%
Sabadash V. V., Chervyatsova Y. V.
Mekhanizm Rehuluvannya Economiky
|
2012
|
vol. 4 (58)
175-183
EN
The paper critically analyzes the main approaches to remuneration (in the context of world and national experience and practice) investigated the minimum wage, their correlation with subsistence and household consumer basket. Based on the global and national experience different approaches to software productivity and corresponding systems of remuneration, defined dependence (correlation) between productivity and wages.
17
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ROZDÍL V ODMĚŇOVÁNÍ ŽEN A MUŽŮ, EFEKT RODIČOVSTVÍ A PREKARITY

51%
Pospíšilová K., Vohlídalová M.
Sociológia (Sociology)
|
2022
|
vol. 54
|
issue 3
244 – 277
EN
The paper focuses on how parenthood (measured by the number of children) contributes to the high level of gender pay gap (GPG) in the Czech Republic and how is it shaped by precarious work contracts. The analysis is based on a questionnaire survey of a representative sample of 1119 respondents aged 20 to 55 years. Sequential testing of regression models proved that number of children affects significantly the size of a GPG, even after controlling for several factors. The interaction between gender and the number of children explains 22% of the total GPG for hourly wages and 30% of the total GPG for monthly wages. Parenthood plays a key role, especially among precarious workers, where it explains about 49% of the total GPG.
18

KONTEXTY SOUČASNÉ FINANČNÍ A HOSPODÁŘSKÉ KRIZE A VÝVOJE NA TRHU PRÁCE V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE

51%
Czesaný S.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2014
|
vol. 62
|
issue 4
377 – 393
EN
One of the major consequences of the current financial and economic crisis is instability of the labour market. This article focuses on a number of thematic sub-topics defined by the following themes: What trends and policies affecting performance of the labour market prevail over the economic cycle started in 2000. The starting point for reflection on the creation of a suitable economic environment for development of the labour market in the future is identification of weaknesses in the labour market in the Czech Republic. Under discussion is which countries and under what conditions show resistance to high levels of unemployment and vice versa, which countries and under what conditions show considerable vulnerability of labour market developments. Closing question is what setting of the economic policy is suitable for the development of the labour market in the future.
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