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1
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CZY W ŚREDNIOWIECZU KOBIETY MOGŁY BYĆ NIEZALEŻNE? PRZYPADEK HILDEGARDY Z BINGEN

100%
Szczap A.
Konštantínove listy
|
2023
|
vol. 16
|
issue 2
36 - 44
EN
The Middle Ages are considered a very misogynistic era. However, the case of Hildegard of Bingen shows that even then women could excel in independence. The list of terms that describe Hildegard of Bingen is long: mystic, visionary, prophetess, artist, poet, theologian, Sibyl of the Rhine are just some of them. She was an extraordinary person. She fascinates us with the breadth of her interests that go beyond the times in which she lived. She was the only woman of the Middle Ages to teach publicly and the first to obtain the Pope’s permission to write theological works. She was characterized by leadership qualities, stubbornness, and determination in pursuing the chosen goal. She assigned herself the role of a vassal carrying out the mission entrusted by God. She instructed the rulers and disciplined the popes in the most misogynistic of the epochs. She had a lot of strength to go against the will of her superiors and to carry out her plans. On the occasion of the eight hundredth anniversary of her death, John Paul II called her a light for people who shines brighter today than ever, and in 2012 she was proclaimed a doctor of the Church.
2

Romni, rom a nauka

100%
Jakoubek M.
Studia Romologica
|
2014
|
vol. 7
39-51
EN
Literature published by experts in Romani studies contains contradictory state¬ments when it comes to exploring the nature of the Romani family: some authors claim that the Romani family is a patriarchal formation; others maintain that it is a matriarchal one. I am convinced that these (apparently) contradictory facts can be explained for example with help of the concept of cultural themes and counter-themes, as defined by Morris Opler. Opler criticises configurationism, which claims that every culture is dominated by a certain principal pattern that integrates it and defines its unique direction. In his criticism, he draws upon the pre-supposition that there is not one exclusive do¬minant organisational principle in a culture determining its overall character, but a whole series of mutually interconnected norms and regulations – cultural themes, which control and determine the behaviour of the community’s members. In order to prevent a one-sided deflection of a cultural system caused by pre-dominance of a certain theme, some themes are balanced by their counter-themes which function as their restrictive factors. And it is the interplay of the theme and counter-theme that makes a culture balanced; the intrinsic organisation of the culture is given by their mutual relation and equilibrium. The depicted scheme of interpretation can be employed to explain the afore-men¬tioned facts concerning the position of men and women in the traditional Romani culture. In this culture, the cultural theme of male dominance is balanced by the counter-theme of a strong position of the mother (and possibly by the institute of phuri daj) which prevents the theme of male dominance from becoming too accen¬tuated and thus dangerous for the equilibrium and integrity of the given culture. So, the position of the mother weakens the influence of male dominance and ensures that this dominance does not prevail in the traditional Romani culture as a unique element. Their interconnection and ”harmony” thus preserve the integrity of the system of the traditional Romani culture and contribute to its dynamic balance. The presented explanation also illuminates why one comes across contradictory statements in literature thematising the position of men and women in the traditio¬nal Romani culture. It shows that the contradiction is not to be considered a mista¬ke, but that it indicates the existence of actual phenomena, both of which can be explored but which only make sense when their correlation is taken into account and when a suitable interpretative tool is employed.
3
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Kobieta w krakowskim przemyśle słodowniczo-piwowarskim doby wczesnonowożytnej w świetle testamentów i dokumentów podatkowych

100%
Dryja S.
Rocznik Lubelskiego Towarzystwa Genealogicznego
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2012
|
vol. 4
96-116
EN
According to an unanimous opinion of many researchers, the period from the half of the 15th until the beginning of the 17th century is “the beer golden age”. Beer was a commonly used drink, and malt and beer brewing industry had a considerable role for the economy. In the half of the 16th century almost 150 breweries were run in Kraków, whose contemporaneous population is estimated to be circa 20000 people. There was one brewery to about 140 inhabitants. Many women could be found among the owners of the breweries. Kraków guild statutes do not directly specify the rules concerning company take-overs made by women, it is obvious, however, that they could only be run by widows. Similar rules were in effect in all Polish towns. About 10 percent of breweries in Kraków were run by women, and the most active ones gained considerable independence. These women accumulated substantial wealth, bought and sold properties freely, paid for their children’s education, invested in the development of their companies. Women did not participate in the production works in person, hired brewers were employed for this purpose. An average production in breweries run by women was usually higher than this of their male equivalents. It was especially evident in the moments of temporary falls of production, as well as during more serious crises. Although almost 40 percent of women ended their professional career in a time shorter than a year, a considerable part of women managed to stay longer, sometimes even a few decades, in the brewing industry.
4
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Kobieta w pismach Platona. Między codziennością a ideą

100%
Usakiewicz J.
Archeus. Studia z bioetyki i antropologii filozoficznej
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2013
|
vol. 14
165-180
EN
The article analyzes an image of woman in the Plato’s writings. For a systematization of the subject, the author uses three categories: woman-thing, woman-wisdom and woman-human being (citizen). This article points out the fact that Plato allowed women activity in all spheres of life. Especially, he expressed the idea of the equal education for women and men. The author also proposes a thesis that these Plato’s views are based on his metaphysics: particularly on the definition of human being as a spirit. In consequence differences between women and men are amounted only to physical differences.
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Zjawisko seksturystyki wśród kobiet

100%
Borzyszkowski J.
Turystyka Kulturowa
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2012
|
issue 2
28-40
EN
The present article includes an overall outline of the problem of women travelling for sex related purposes (that are specified as women’s sex tourism). It was demonstrated that little is known about this issue, which is the result not only of the fact that there are very few studies concerning this issue but also of the problems concerning the definition of the phenomenon. The Author while analyzing the result of his own research as well as the literature available points to selected issues concerning the understanding of the phenomenon of women’s sex tourism as well as the data selected from this area including women’s destinations, relations with local men and the structure of those persons who participate in this type of trips.
6
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O universo feminino na poesia das mulheres angolanas no inicio do século XXI

100%
Diaz-Szmidt R.
Studia Iberystyczne
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2010
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vol. 9
185-199
EN
The purpose of this article is to analyze the works of Angolan women poets published after 2000. Their poems were not deeply analyzed by literary critics whose analytic efforts are focused on the works of well-known authors such as Ana de Santana, Alda Lara and Ana Paula Tavares. This article focuses on the more recent development stages of Angolan women poetry through the poems of not yet very famous poets such as Amélia Dalomba, Maria Celestina Fernandes, Leila dos Anjos, Ana Branco, Alice Palmira, Carla Queiros, Cecilia Ndanhakukua and Kanguimbo Ananaz. The will of transforming the world through writing and the deep conviction that literature has an important social role to accomplish are the evidence of the feminist ideological engagement of these poets.
7
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THE HOME IS A WOMAN! (Dom to kobieta!)

100%
Rybczynski Z.
|
2010
|
vol. 64
|
issue 2-3(289-290)
46-48
EN
no abstract
8
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Ekofeminizm proba opisu

88%
Sierakowska J.
Archeus. Studia z bioetyki i antropologii filozoficznej
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2011
|
vol. 12
121-137
EN
The article aims at presenting a description and a definition of ecofeminism with regard to the complexity of that theory. The bases for the analysis is the first collection of feminist philosophical essays on ecofeminism entitled Ecological Feminist Philosophies edited by Karren J. Warren. Ecofeminism is an intellectual trend and a social movement, as well as a system of values, and an ethical and political praxis which attempts to improve global and local situation of women and the natural environment. Ecofeminists indicate that all forms of oppression are interrelated, therefore, the liberation of women and environmentalism have a common objective. The goal of the ecofeminist philosophy is to problematize the dualistic vision of man as well as analyzing the epistemological and empirical bases of the polarization of nature and culture. In the first part, the author describes major theoretical assumptions and practical postulates formulated in the field of ecofeminism: the role of patriarchal concepts in perpetuating the domination of women and nature; the grassroots origins and character of ecofeminism; the theoretical fundament of objectification of nature. In the second part, the author discusses in short a project of ecofeminist ethics. The aim of the ecofeminist ethics is to develop an theory and praxis which would encompass women and the natural world. Ecofeminism has shown that the environmental ethics cannot be accurately discussed without an analysis of gender categories and interlocking systems of domination.
9
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Plutarch z Cheronei o rolach i wskazaniach moralnych dla kobiet

88%
Usakiewicz J.
Archeus. Studia z bioetyki i antropologii filozoficznej
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2012
|
vol. 13
71-84
EN
The article analyzes Plutarch’s comments about women from several his works. The author of the article pays attention to fact that Plutarch not only thinks highly of a woman as a wife and a mother, but he awards to women the right to education and participation in virtues equally with men. The author doesn’t say that Plutarch is an advocate of the equality of women but she suggests that Plutarch stands out above his times. In the article the author makes an attempt to present that Plutarch’s thoughts about functions and virtues of women are based on his conception of human being and, in a broader sense, on Platonic metaphysics
10

NECK-RING GRAVE IN THE CEMETERY OF KLIN-YAR AND ITS PLACE IN THE HIERARCHY OF PRIVILEGED WOMEN’S BURIALS FROM THE GREAT MIGRATION PERIOD IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS

88%
Mastykova A.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2020
|
vol. 68
|
issue 1
69 – 81
EN
This paper analyses the social rank of a privileged woman’s burial containing a neck-ring and gold ornaments, investigated in the cemetery of Klin-Yar in the North Caucasus (Stavropol region, near the modern city of Kislovodsk). This rare neck-ring with the medallion featuring the inlay style, surely of ‘high-status’ nature, indicated the high social rank of its owner. Parallels to this neck-ring with inlay medallion occurred in the ‘princely’ grave of Bol’shoi Kamenets in the Middle Dnieper area, as well as in Wrocław-Rędzin in modern Poland (this find context remained obscure). The Klin-Yar burial is the only woman’s grave from the Great Migration Period in the central North Caucasus connectable to the supreme category of privileged graves.
11
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Marienlexikon a mariologie ve světle trinitologie

88%
Urban F.
Studia theologica
|
2007
|
vol. 9
|
issue 2
69-78
EN
The author of this article presents some ideas about Mary contained in two rather new works. The first one is a lexicon of Mariology. It is a summary of all what took place in this theological field. The second is a small book about the internal relation between God and Mary and its consequences for the human life. It is the work of prof. Pospisil 'Mary - the maternal face of God'. These works are quite new, both in Czech theology and in theology in general. Marienlexicon with its 4300 pages brings together almost everything the present Mariology offers from its treasures. Prof. Pospisil's book, on the other hand, integrates certain individual ideas into the overall field of Mariology. While the authors of the lexicon think about Mary in relationship to the individual persons of the Trinity, prof. Pospisil explores her relationship to the Immanent Trinity. He presents Mariology as a necessary addition to Christology and as a challenge to discover life in its fullness.
12

La femme dans une «littérature française de Malte» du XVIIIe siècle

88%
Depasquale C.
Romanica Wratislaviensia
|
2011
|
vol. 58
33-42
EN
Between 1530 and 1798 Malta was ruled by a chivalric, monastic, hospitaller and military order which became known as the Order of Malta. The archives of the National Library of Malta preserve “an eighteenth century French literature of Malta” dealing with the religious duties of the Knights, the defence of the island against the Ottoman power, corsairing and projects and treatises written with the aim of improving the economic and political situation of the Order — these are subjects wherein women have no place. However, rare references to women are found in letters, diaries or memoirs that throw some light on Maltese society. Travel literature also accords some space to women. An interesting comedy in manuscript form, situated in eighteenth century Malta and written by a French knight, pokes fun at the femme fatale and portrays the Knight of Malta as both prey and victim. The intellectual woman, whether writer or reader, is totally absent.
13

JUDITA – PROTOTYP ODVÁŽNEJ VDOVY

88%
Demjanovič D., Lapko R.
Verba Theologica. Teologický časopis
|
2021
|
vol. 20
|
issue 2
49 - 58
EN
This article focuses on the progress of the widow‘s position in ancient Israel – from a weak, defenseless woman to a strong, brave heroine. Being a widow in patriarchal societies like ancient Israel was not easy. Widows, along with orphans and foreigners, were a social class on the edge of society in need of strong economical and legal protection. This article will focus on Judith, the main character in an OT book of the same name. First, we shall outline the position of women and widows in ancient Israel in general. Second, we shall take a closer look at the position of widows in the Book of Psalms as the largest corpus in the OT. And third, we will examine the figure of Judith as a prototype of courageous widow. According to some scholars, a possibility exists that the rehabilitation of widows and their acceptance by society was the chief motif for the composition of this book.
14

PANÍ DOKTOROVÁ, OŠETŘOVATELKA, SLEČNA DOKTORKA. OBRAZ ŽENY VE ZDRAVOTNICKÝCH PROFESÍCH NA STRÁNKÁCH ŽENSKÝCH LISTŮ

88%
Bahenská M.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
|
2014
|
vol. 18
|
issue 1
3 – 14
EN
The contribution deals with the contemporary perception and image of women in the professions that were connected with medicine. The professions as a nurse or doctor caused in the 19th century quite a lot of interest among the public. The prestigious women’s magazine Women letters (Ženské listy) was published by Czech Women production society and was edited by Eliška Krásnohorská, brought rich information on this subject.
15
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Od dyskryminacji do równouprawnienia. Kobieta a polityka

88%
Piechaczek-Kaszczyniec A.
Archeus. Studia z bioetyki i antropologii filozoficznej
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2013
|
vol. 14
182-197
EN
This article constitutes an attempt at examining the changes in the position of women in the modern society and their current role in political life. Do women – against the general view – fulfill any important functions or is this particular area reserved for men? It is frequently heard that during the last years women have got easier access to various positions. Women do not face any barriers apart from their own weaknesses and lack of self-confidence. Even though the opinions differ, generally it can be stated that discrimination still exists. Even though women manage to enter the world of politics, they are not taken seriously enough. Thus, is it true that the roles they play in their lives are only a matter of choice? Some people believe that the problem is only a matter of stereotypes. Then, what is the sense of efforts aimed at equality of rights? Although the article focuses on the issue of equality, the rights and the general position of women is also presented. The article brings up issues connected with equality of rights – whether one can really maintain that equal chances exist. It also presents a variety of stereotypes and struggles against them, and discusses the presence of contemporary women in the political arena.
16

ETNOGRAFIA DVOCH SPÔSOBOV VYJADROVANIA ŽENSKEJ A MUŽSKEJ TELESNOSTI

88%
Murin I.
Etnologické rozpravy (Ethnological Disputes)
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2017
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vol. 24
|
issue 1
68 – 81
EN
The body ethnography is perceived as a field documentation of the expressing of women and men body sensuality. A human body has its biological shapes which are cultural created. The visual perception of body and body sensuality is comprised from basic shape body recognition and recognition of cultural signs covered up by clothing and by makeup. The somatotypes and patterns created as body camouflage are cultural transmitted by communication canals, where are currently preferred social networking websites. The women stereotypes of creation collective contents illustrate a blonde, the bodybuilder by a representative for man stereotype. Field ethnographic examples refer to impact of global patterns on change perception of common body sensuality in everyday culture.
17

ŽENA V MUŽSKÉ DOMÁCNOSTI: FARNÍ HOSPODYNĚ V 19. STOLETÍ

88%
Stráníková J.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
|
2023
|
vol. 27
|
issue 2
397 – 420
EN
The parish house is usually seen as the dwelling of the Catholic priest. While the main facade of the parish house had to be clearly visible from the street, for the outbuildings standing away, functionality was of primary importance. The presence of members of the parish household could be similarly “hidden”. Their presence is not in the relevant sources, although they presence was essential. Except for the male servants, there was always represented a female element, namely in the person of the parish housekeeper. She cooked the priest’s food, took care of the laundry, and performed other activities that belonged to the tasks of a (not only) rural woman. If guests visited the parish, she took care of them as well. In addition to relatives or friends of the priest, there could be many exposed people, for example bishops with their entourages. This lesser-known profession had its peculiarities and pitfalls, yet there were many similarities with the position of a rural or town housekeeper.
18

KAŽDODENNÝ ŽIVOT NA HRADISKU BOJNÁ I - VALY. ÚVAHY O PRÍTOMNOSTI ŽENSKÉHO ELEMENTU NA LOKALITE

75%
Jakubčinová M.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2023
|
vol. 71
|
issue suppl. 3
95 – 113
EN
The Valy hillfort is known especially for its finds associated with craftsmen, peasants and soldiers. The paper is devoted to objects related to work or costume attributed to women. Women in every period mainly performed and are performing a number of tasks related to the family and household. The main source of information about women’s life in the early medieval period is grave finds. In settlements were jewellery and clothing components are among the only lost finds, the presence of this gender group is documented by objects related to its characteristic work activity, especially textile production.
19

La belleza femenina en las paremias espańolas de origen grecolatino

75%
Xavier Pascual X. P.
Estudios Hispánicos
|
2011
|
vol. 19
115-125
EN
Spanish proverbs are an unquestionable source of information about ideology prevailing in Spanish-speaking community’s mentality. Proverbs contain stereotypes, conceptions and a worldwide perception belonging to society that coined them. Here I intend to notice how a determined conception of women (specifically positive and negative aspects of feminine beauty) was already reflected in ancient Greek and Latin proverbs and literature, and how this image is still prevalent in Spanish proverbs deriving from classical ones.
20

“CAPTURED BY LOVE” – THE KENOTIC POWER OF A POOR LADY AND THE SYMBOLISM OF HER ROOM IN THE PROSE OF JAROSLAV DURYCH

75%
Hojda J.
Verba Theologica. Teologický časopis
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2017
|
vol. 16
|
issue 2
12 – 19
EN
The aim of this article is to point out possibilities of theological-anthropological interpretation of the relation between man and woman as reflected in the work of Jaroslav Durych (1886–1962), the leading Czech Catholic writer of the first half of the 20th century. The point is here stressed that the specific structure of the meaning of his work refers to the determination of man in the eternal Trinitarian love rather than to individual accents of the author’s thinking. This referential potential is further elaborated by the reflection on the symbolism of female protagonists’ rooms in Durych’s writings. The first part of the article lists various possibilities of theological approach to Durych’s literary work. Then it introduces basic conceptual features of the narration about the relation between man and woman and mentions the possibility of understanding this narration as a parable of human existential pilgrimage. This contribution further hints at the work’s strong referential potential on the question of the determination of man in Christ. Finally, this potential is elaborated by the symbolism of female protagonists’ rooms.
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