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Teorie optimality a slovotvorba

100%
Stichauer P.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2009
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vol. 70
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issue 1
36-49
EN
The present article is a brief overview of some of the papers that have recently attempted to apply Optimality Theory (OT) to word-formation. After an introduction to the main ideas of OT, a survey of some of the most important constraints on word-formation processes is presented. Against the background of two French nouns, 'avionneur' and 'campaniste', widely discussed in Dal & Namer (2005) and J. Stichauer (2006), respectively, it is argued that an OT account that would go beyond the well-established phonological constraints, trying to integrate some of the semantic ones, would encounter problems. In fact, it is not clear under what ranking and under what exact constraints other possible outputs (e.g. 'avionniste' versus 'avionneur', 'campanier' versus 'campaniste') are to be evaluated. Nevertheless, the idea of constraint interaction, based on a ranking of violable restrictions, is emphasized as an interesting framework quite different from the classic rule/exception dichotomy.
2

ETHNONYMS AND NAMES OF ETHNIC DERIVATION IN POLISH TRANSLATIONS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT

80%
Zarebski R.
Onomastica
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2003
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vol. 48
45-78
EN
The article deals with the linguistic form of ethnonyms and names of ethnic derivation in Polish translations of the New Testament (from the 16th to 20th centuries). The names of inhabitants are rendered in the translated texts as: 1) synthetic noun forms (names ending with -czyk,-anin, -in//-yn, preserving foreign suffixs, or without suffixes), as well as 2) syntactic analytic formations (common noun + toponymic adjective ending in -ski or a given name (or appellative) + prepositional expression). The author points out that the degree of use of one of the indicated methods for creating ethnonyms in a particular translation depends on three factors: 1) the basis of the translation (the Greek original or Latin Vulgate); 2) the translator's linguistic ability; 3) individual decision of the translator.
3

SLOVOTVORNÉ A MORFEMATICKÉ VÝSKUMY V ČASOPISE SLOVENSKÁ REČ

80%
Ološtiak M.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
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2022
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vol. 87
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issue 3
262 – 282
EN
The article describes the works focusing on word-formation and morphology published in Slovenská reč during the ninety years of the existence of the journal. The first part pays attention to contributions focused on normative activity. The most prominent author in this period was Belo Letz. A significant turning point were the 1950s and the articles by Ján Horecký, who fundamentally shifted the understanding of word-formation and developed the first consistent word-formation theory in Slovak linguistics. In the following period up to the present day, attention was paid to all important aspects of word-formation (derivation, compounding, word-formation of nouns, adjectives, verbs and other parts of speech, word-formation and terminology, morpho-phonology, proper names, dialects). The final part is devoted to morphemics.
4

LIFE AS A PERMANENT MOTIVATION (70 YEARS AFTER THE BIRTH OF PROFESSOR JURAJ FURDIK, WHO DIED IN 2002)

80%
Olostiak M.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
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2005
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vol. 70
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issue 1-2
60-69
EN
The study is devoted to work of Juraj Furdik, an influential and exceptional Slovak linguist. The domain of Furdik's interests was above all word-formation, morphology and contact linguistics. His work can be characterised by quality rather than quantity -his bibliography contains no less than 150 entries. However, more important is the fact that Furdik's writings are remarkable for their deep scientific insight. The paper stresses the importance of J. Furdik in the context of Slovak linguistics.
5
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The role of metonymy in Czech word-formation

80%
Janda L. A.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2010
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vol. 71
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issue 4
260-274
EN
This article explores the role of metonymic semantic relationships in the derivation of words via suffixation in Czech. Most scholarly work on metonymy has focused on the use of one word to substitute for another word, as when we say redhead to refer to a whole person. A similar semantic relationship is present when we form a word like brichac 'person with a (big) belly' from the noun bricho 'belly'. However, scholarly work on word-formation has not explored these metonymic semantic relationships. This study analyzes a database of 562 types of suffixal formations in Czech, where each type represents a unique combination of metonymic relationship, word-class, and suffix. This analysis not only demonstrates parallels between substitutional and word-formational metonymy, but shows that the metonymic relationships in word-formation are more diverse than in substitution. Asymmetries in these relationships are also explored, showing for example that actions are generally more salient than the participants and the setting, and that parts are more salient than wholes. The design of this study can be extended to analyze the word-formation systems of other languages and thus facilitate cross-linguistic comparisons.
6
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ON FORMATIVE '-ENCJA' IN MODERN POLISH (O formancie -encja we wspólczesnej polszczyznie)

80%
Kapron-Charzynska I.
Slavia Meridionalis
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2009
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vol. 9
60-70
EN
The object of description in this paper are derivatives with formative '-encja'. Observation of vocabulary of modern Polish leads to conclusion that formative '-encja' is used for creating derivatives, motivated by verbs and nouns. Formations motivated by nouns are characterized by expressiveness. The analysis led the autoress to the conclusion that in described formations, like for example 'czapencja', 'glowencja', 'lalencja', a pragmatic function of the word-formation is manifesting.
7
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K problematice tvoření detoponymických adjektiv (na základě materiálu pomístních jmen z území Čech)

80%
Stepan P.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2009
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vol. 92
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issue 4
196-213
EN
The paper, based on material consisting of minor place-names from the territory of Bohemia, provides an overview of the formation of adjectives from toponyms. A great deal of attention is devoted especially to the formation from reduced forms of toponyms, and - on the other hand - to the derivation by extended forms of the suffix -sky, i.e. -ovsky, -ansky, -ensky, -acky and -ecky. Although the absolute majority of detoponymic adjectives are formed using the suffix -sky (and its variants), also other suffixes - -ovy, -ny and -ni – are analysed in the article.
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Sufix -ství v toponymii Čech

80%
Stepan P.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2010
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vol. 93
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issue 2
71-83
EN
The article focuses on Bohemian minor place-names and place-names including lexical units derived using the suffix -stvi. In toponyms, the function of this suffix is different from a great majority of common nouns. The lexical units ending in -stvi found in toponyms refer to the property of a person or institution whose name serves as the source of derivation for these units. The most frequent names express the property relationship of the church and its representatives, the king and noblemen. It has been proven that the suffix -stvi can also be attached to personal names. Attention is also devoted to the geographic distribution of selected types of names.
9

THE PREVIOUS ATTITUDES TO LEXICOGRAPHY COMPILING OF THE WORD-FORMATION

80%
Vuznakova K.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
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2005
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vol. 70
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issue 3
159-173
EN
The first experiments which have been reduced the word-formation system of language, appeared in the 60th years of 20th century within the scope of the Slavonic linguistic. The last comprehensive dictionary, which was built on the word-formation, was published in 1985. All of these nested (word families) dictionaries have been built on the base of their outside (formal), primary morphemic, not on two-member, binary (word-formation) segmentation. They don't take up the semantics of the derived and composed words. For that reason J. Furdik projected the dictionary with name 'Slovak word-formation dictionary'. But their practical illustrating is very comprehensive and the dictionary published in this form is financially exhausting. Taking into consideration the large extent of the first, original version, we have decided to make such a form of the word-formation dictionary that can be used in the school practice by teaching and learning the word-formation in all types of schools.
10

KVALITATÍVNE A KVANTITATÍVNE ASPEKTY TVORENIA SLOV V SLOVENČINE – MOTIVAČNÝ RAD (K 85. VÝROČIU NARODENIA JURAJA FURDÍKA)

80%
Ološtiak M., Genči J.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
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2020
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vol. 85
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issue 3
282 – 306
EN
The paper pays attention to paradigmatic relations of word-formation, particularly to the component of word-formation system represented by the concept of word-formation chain which is the evidence of recursiveness in word-formation. The word-formation chain is defined as the order in which words follow each other while the next word is derived from the previous one in a row, e.g. Slovak voda ‚water‘ → vodník ‚water goblin‘ → vodnícky ‚relating to water goblin‘. The analysis concentrates on a statistical, word-formation and morphological analysis of 44,705 word-formation chains of sizes ranging from two to eight members. The most frequent chains consist of three words, two words, or four words, respectively. The data are based on Slovník koreňových morfém slovenčiny [Slovak Dictionary of Root Morphemes] (Sokolová et al., 2005, 2007, 2012).
11

VÝSKUM SLOVENSKEJ SLOVOTVORBY V POSLEDNOM ŠTVRŤSTOROČÍ. II. ČASŤ

80%
Ološtiak M.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
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2015
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vol. 80
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issue 1-2
20 - 36
EN
The paper outlines the development in the field of investigation of Slovak word-formation in recent 25 years (1989 – 2014). The paper covers dominant areas in this field, i.e. a theory and methodology (e.g. the concept of word-formation motivation), functions of word-formation motivation, word-formation of verbs, adjectives, adverbs, compounding, the tendency towards internationalization, word-formation adoption of loan words, lexicographic treatment of Slovak word-formation and morphemics, word-formation of proper names, the role of word-formation and the investigation of symmetries and asymmetries in the cross-linguistic study, the role of word-formation in a text etc. These aspects of word-formation are dealt with in the works by J. Furdík, J. Horecký, K. Buzássyová, M. Nábělková and others.
12

ON MECHANISMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL-PROFESSIONAL LEXIS FORMATION BASED ON PARAGLIDER'S VOCABULARY

80%
Pedzich B.
Przegląd Humanistyczny
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2005
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vol. 49
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issue 4(391)
81-93
EN
There is an analysis of paragliders' lexical variation, which is an example of a new variation of Polish. The article attempts to present ways of gathering and enriching vocabulary associated with paragliding, as a discipline shifted from the West. The paper describes obstacles associated with certain foreign borrowings. Apart from paying the lexis a closer attention, a more static view is presented, which indicates also the results of this development, like various degree of expressiveness the vocabulary contains, or the presence of synonyms.
13

Certains aspects cognitifs et extralinguistiques de la création lexicale en latin médiéval

80%
Rzepiela M.
Listy filologické (Folia philologica)
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2008
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vol. 131
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issue 3-4
455-468
EN
The present paper discusses some cognitive and some extralinguistic aspects of word-formation in medieval Latin. It is inspired by the works of Michele Fruyt (1996 and 2000: see notes 2 and 3 respectively in the article) on the same aspects of word-formation as observed in ancient Latin. Our point of departure was the M. Fruyt's distinction between the 'sens fonctionnel' - the meaning of the words in everyday communication, which could also be described as 'the normal meaning', - and the 'sens parallele', the meaning given to the lexemes by the speaking subjects when subjecting them to metalinguistic analysis. If it is possible to decompose the lexemes morphologically, then this kind of meaning may also be called the 'sens compositionnel'. The distinction described is to some extent inspired by the cognitive ideas. The 'parallel meaning' then reflects an individual understanding (sometimes erroneous according to a norm) and (re)interpretation of the words produced by the speaking subjects. The most spectacular manifestation of the 'parallel meaning' is taken to be the variety of etymological reinterpretations commonly called 'folk etymology'. We give some examples of these reinterpretations taken from the 'Dictionary of Polish Medieval Latin' (Lexicon mediae et infimae Latinitatis Polonorum). Another group of vocabulary analysed here is that of the deminutive formations, particularly where these represent the connotative meanings. Finally we discuss some extralinguistics factors, such as historical and social changes in the Middle Ages, which can have a notable influence on the process of word-formation. By comparing the same formations as they occur in both ancient and medieval Latin, one can sometimes establish a significant difference in their productivity during the two ages arising from this type of cause. The phenomenon can be illustrated very well by derivatives such as feminines ending in -trix, names of offices ending in -atus and others.
14
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Lexikografická synonyma, kookurenční profily a ekvivalentace německých abstrakt

70%
Vachková M.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2009
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vol. 91
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issue 2
78-90
EN
The German word-formation system is highly organized and systematized. This fact enables the authors of monolingual dictionaries to easily construct formally uniform meaning explications (e. g., Verklärung is explicated by means of the lexicographic synonyms das Verklären, das Verklärtwerden, das Verklärtsein). This strategy represents a scientific standard in German works. However, bilingual lexicographers who work with monolingual German dictionaries as important sources know that this usage makes finding Czech equivalents harder. Functionequivalent translation can be achieved by using new corpus tools (Related Co-occurrence Profiles, Co-occurrence Analysis, Self-Organizing Maps, Semantic Proximity Models) which help to identify clusters and hierarchized German synonyms.
15
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Prefixálně-sufixální adjektiva v pomístních jménech v Čechách

70%
Štěpán P.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2011
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vol. 94
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issue 4
194-204
EN
This article provides an analysis of the prefixal-suffixal adjectival lexical units found in names of uninhabited places on the territory of Bohemia. The individual lexical units are derived both from common-noun and proper-name bases. The author deals with the repertory of the prefixes used, as well as the competition between the suffixes -ský, -ní and -ný. The geolinguistic point of view shows that the lexical units analysed occur most frequently in minor place-names of southwest and northeast Bohemia.
16

EXOTIC-MYSTERIOUS COMPOUND MODEL 'VERB + NOUN' IN AMERICAN AND UKRAINIAN TOPONYMY (Ekzotychno-zagadkova kompozytna model' 'dijeslovo+imennyk' (na materiali ojkonimiji SSHA ta Ukrajiny))

70%
Skljarenko O. M.
Ukrayinska mova (Ukrainian Language)
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2009
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issue 1(30)
113-117
EN
The article is devoted to the analysis of compound place-names of the model 'Verb + Noun' in Ukrainian and American toponymy. Some typologically similar features have been revealed.
17
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Jména studánek na Moravě a ve Slezsku

70%
Komárková Z.
Acta onomastica
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2010
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vol. 51
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issue 1
227-246
EN
Names of Wells in Moravia and Silesia Small water sources mostly of natural origin, situated in open landscape, represent special onymic objects within the category of hydronyms. In the corpus of minor place names of Moravia and Silesia, the names of the water sources are quite numerous. In their formation, various ways are used, e. g. toponymization (Žydelek – from žydelek ‘small fountain’), derivation (Smrďačka from smrdět ‘to stink’), composition (Bolibřuška from bolet ‘to pain’ and břuch dial ‘stomach’), borrowing or adaptation of foreign toponyms (Landek). The material contains mainly one-word and two-word names without preposition (Svatá voda ‘holy water’). The names are motivated mostly by position (Pod Kněhyňu ‘below Kněhyňa’), quality (Sirkovica ‘sulphur water’), and relation of the denominated object to a person (Břouškova studánka ‘Břoušek’s well’). Collected material contains many dialect forms (Belík, Kadlúbek, Koráb etc.). Etymological explanations of most names are transparent, the folk explanations are to be taken critically.
18
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Prefixálně-sufixální substantiva v pomístních jménech v Čechách

70%
Štěpán P.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2011
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vol. 94
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issue 2
78-87
EN
This article deals with the prefixal-suffixal substantive lexical units found in names of uninhabited places on the territory of Bohemia. A majority of the lexical units analysed are derived from common nouns; formations from proper names (namely toponyms) are rare. In addition to the bases of the individual formations, the repertory of the prefixes and suffixes was investigated. A geolinguistic perspective reveals that the lexical units analysed occur most frequently in minor place-names from southwest and northeast Bohemia.
19
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Ľudovít Novák, Juraj Furdík, Miloš Dokulil a onomaziologické inšpirácie

70%
Ološtiak M.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2010
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vol. 92
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issue 1-2
29-38
EN
The paper deals with some aspects concerning semantics of word-formation, i.e. the onomasiological structure of a motivated word. It provides comments on three concepts introduced by Slovak and Czech linguists (Ľ. Novák, J. Furdík and M. Dokulil). Novák’s theses on axiomatics of semiology of linear structures (ternarity of linear structure and the various relations among its components: a beginning – a middle – an end) were adopted into wordformation theory by Furdík. He postulates ternarity of the onomasiological structure of each motivated word (ternarity in terms of onomasiological base – onomasiological connective – onomasiological mark). His approach was also influenced by Dokulil’s theory of word-formation. In the paper special attention is paid to the middle component, the onomasiological connective, and to the relationship between lexical and word-formational meaning.
20
Content available remote

ON DIMINUTIVE DERIVATIVES IN UPPER SORBIAN FOLK SONGS (WITH REFERENCE TO DIALECTS AND CONTEMPORARY UPPER SORBIAN'S LANGUAGE) (Polish Title - below)

70%
Milewska-Stawiany M.
Slavia Meridionalis
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2009
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vol. 9
118-127
EN
(Title in Polish - 'O derywatach deminutywnych w górnoluzyckich piesniach ludowych (w odniesieniu do dialektów i wspólczesnego jezyka górnoluzyckiego'). Deminutiwa are frequently met in Upper Sorbian folk songs. They tend to play rather emotional than descriptive role (the former by informing about the size of an object) and above all in composing verses. It is not always possible to conclude whether given derivative plays in a song the clearly defined qualitative semantic role. Some, being first diminutive might become basic words like 'lastojcka / lastolcka', have in present Sorbian's dialects been only structural derivatives. In some cases the structural diminutive form indicates regional differentiation like '(corna) jahodka' near the village of Kamjenc. By comparing to the contemporary Upper Sorbian's language, the structural distinction of the folk songs' diminutives has been proved, like 'jecmenik', 'zwonask', which were created solely for the purpose of composing the verse.
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