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1

Sartre and Communism

100%
Cohen-Solal A.
Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria
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2005
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vol. 14
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issue 4(56)
79-86
EN
When Sartre died in 1980 the secretary of the French Communist Party eulogized him as 'one of the greatest minds of our time', closing thereby a long period of mutual strain, recriminations, competition and misunderstanding. Sartre was never a member of a communist party, but he often supported its efforts in public speeches and in press. But the party did not trust him. His closest communist friend, Paul Nizan, presented him in a novel a character that resembled Sartre, a radical pessimist and a petit bourgeois, who is not a sincere advocate of socialist ideas and eventually betrays the working class. This figure cannot be interpreted as a literal image of Sartre, but it is true that Sartre's relation to communism was always complicated. For some time he tried to reconcile his views with the current policies of the French and Soviet communists parties. But he never accepted their dogmas and gradually he became more and more suspicious of the policies of the French communists, whom he trusted even less then the Soviets. For this attitude he was sometimes called a hypo-Stalinist, i.e. a defender of the Soviets who nevertheless admitted to having a broad knowledge of the atrocities committed by them. Sartre held this precarious position until 1956, when he openly broke off his allegiance to the FCP and finally withdrew his support for the Soviet version of communism after the invasion of Hungary. But even then he changed his allies, not his views. In the subsequent period he found new friends among the Maoists and remained a distant observer or sympathizer of the EuroMarxists. In general his political views should be viewed not as expressing a well defined political position, but as a manifestation of philosophical and ethical ideas, and as a realization (perhaps the last one) of what was traditionally conceived in France as the intellectual's mission
2
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SOCIOLOGIE TŘÍDY A DĚLNICTVÍ

88%
Nedbálková K.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2018
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vol. 50
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issue 1
57 – 77
EN
Despite class being one of the main characteristics of society, the study of class seems to be noticeably disappearing from social sciences. The following text is divided into two parts. The first is devoted to the class in general and the author deliberately focuses on authors whose contribution to the class theory has not been fully appreciated and also on those who represent the cultural turn in the study of class. This choice represents an alternative to the dominant stratification theory and research based solely on the connection between class and occupation. She suggests multidimensional conceptual frames of class that take into account also the categories of lifestyle and inequalities created alongside the axes of gender, ethnicity and age. In the second part of the text the author focuses on the working class. The process of definition and specification of this broad and diverse category is also the object of my interest. She is interested in the existence of the working class under the conditions of the post-industrial society in post-communist countries. Against the background of the rich tradition of international research my goal is to highlight the conceptual and methodological changes of the understanding of the working class. The author argues for the importance of research on working class and she foreshadows the possible research heading in this diverse and rich field.
3
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Závodní kolonie jámy Jindřich v Moravské Ostravě

63%
Jemelka M.
Historica: revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy (Historica: Review in history and related sciences)
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2011
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vol. 2
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issue 1
41-59
EN
The study about the factory colony of the Jindrich mine in Moravska Ostrava, the oldest workers's colony in the urban area as a part of a wider research project, relates to some older research work of M. Myska and has been, so far, the only compact text on the already nonexistent Jindrich colony. In the introduction of the study the workers's colony is localized within the urban area, however, the major part of its text, drafted on the basis of the study of contemporary press, contemporaries' narratives and the archive materials in several Moravian-Silesian archives, contains an excursion into the historical development of the colony's architecture with the reflection of its housing conditions.
4

“BOHEMIAN” IN PRAGUE. BOHUMIL KUBIŠTA AS A SOCIAL CRITIC

63%
Moseman E. F.
ARS
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2012
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vol. 45
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issue 2
155 – 169
EN
The Czech artist Bohumil Kubišta (1884 – 1918) offers an example of the Parisian bohemian transposed into the tensions of class and ethnicity in Habsburg Prague. During two residencies in Paris between 1909 and 1910 Kubišta internalized the social envisioning of landscape and metropolis characteristic of much French modernist art. While in Paris, Kubišta – like his 19th-century artistic idols – sketched scenes of bustling street life, working-class entertainments, and urban labour. He transferred this roving eye for stratified social dynamics to local subjects in Prague and the surrounding countryside. Not satisfied to represent the merely beautiful, he strived to provoke his bourgeois viewer to contemplate the realities of class-based social dynamics in the political and social setting of Habsburg Prague. As a Paris-inspired bohemian in the streets of Prague, Kubišta rendered these class and ethnic tensions in scenes that reveal him as a critical observer of modern social life.
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